填海工程海洋环境影响评价实例研究
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摘要
填海造地是人类海洋开发活动中的一项重要的海洋工程,是人类向海洋拓展生存空间和生产空间的一种重要手段。填海造地在带来经济效益的同时,也带来了许多环境问题,如,改变海域水动力条件,港湾内纳潮减少;海水自净能力减弱,海水水质恶化;引起港湾内泥沙淤积等。
本文通过定性与定量相结合的方法进行研究。在对国内外填海概况进行论述的基础上,总结了填海工程对海洋环境影响研究现状;论述了国内外填海工程管理理念,总结了环境影响评价的发展及海洋环境影响评价中的不足,并对评价技术手段海洋数值模式的发展及流行模式做了详细综述。在此基础上,应用成熟的二维数值模式对海阳港疏港路工程以及规划东港区建设对海洋环境的累积影响进行了定量研究,结果表明:港区建设对工程海域影响范围为6000m,规划港区所围成的近岸海域,流速大幅度减小,且流向也发生了很大变化;疏港路建设施工期,基槽开挖引起的悬浮泥沙影响较大,超一、二类水域面积为2.43km~2,超三类水域面积为0.0069km~2,无超四类水域;悬浮泥沙在近岸海域浓度较大且呈东西向分布;规划港区建成后,最大淤积率为30mm/a,出现在疏港路两侧离原海岸线较远的海域;冲刷区整体向南移动;港区所围海区淤积程度减小;经计算,填海造成约5.18t底栖生物被掩埋,经济补偿合计51.8万元。在此基础上,提出了相应的环境保护措施;从合理规划、完善填海平面设计、进行科学论证及工程全过程管理等方面对海阳港填海工程的管理提出了建议。
Reclaimed marine development is an important marine engineering of humanbeings activity, and is also an improtant means to expand our living and productionspace. Reclamation brings us economic benefits and also many environmentalproblems, such as changing hydrodynamic conditions, water self-purification capacityweakened, deteriorating water quality, and causing sedimentation in harbor, and so on.
This study is carried out by a combination of qualitative and quantitativeresearch methods.Based on reclamation overview at home and abroad,this articlesummarize studying status of impacts on ocean environment resulted fromreclamation projects, discusses reclamation management principles at home andabroad, sums up the development and shotcomings of assessment of oceanenvironment, and finally, discusses the development of marine numerical models,which is the technical means of assessment of ocean environment, and populatnumerical models in details.Based on all above, sophisticated two-dimensionalnumerical model is applied to quantitatively study the cumulative effect of theconstruction of the Port Road and programmed Eastern Harbor on ocean environment.The results show that:Port Road and the construction of the Eastern Harbor will leadto changes in hydrodynamic conditions within the affected area of 6000m; Coastalwaters surrounded by planned port lines is affected more seriously, where the vilocityreduce drastically, and the flow direction also occurr larger changes. In constructionperiod of the port road, excavation and clearing foundation trench will lead tosuspended sediment, and the latter affects more seriously, area ultraing the first andsecond class of water quality standard is 2.43km~2, and the ultra-third-class area is0.0069km~2, and the ultra-fourth-class area is 0km~2; Suspended sediment concentrationin coastal waters is larger and showed a ast-west distribution.After the construstion of the planned Eastern Harbor, there will be a water area with a maximum deposition rate of 30mm/a, which appear on both sides of the Port Road, which is far from the coastal lines; erosion-regions move south wholly; waters surrounded by port lines is in a condition of decreased deposition. After calculation, some 5.18t benthic organisms were buried resulted from reclamation, with a total financial compensation of 518,000 yuan. On these basis,this article advance corresponding environmental protection measures, and make some suggestions on HaiYang Port reclamation project, from views of rational planning, improving the design of reclamation projects, conducting scientific proof and management on the whole process of reclamation.
本文通过定性与定量相结合的方法进行研究。在对国内外填海概况进行论述的基础上,总结了填海工程对海洋环境影响研究现状;论述了国内外填海工程管理理念,总结了环境影响评价的发展及海洋环境影响评价中的不足,并对评价技术手段海洋数值模式的发展及流行模式做了详细综述。在此基础上,应用成熟的二维数值模式对海阳港疏港路工程以及规划东港区建设对海洋环境的累积影响进行了定量研究,结果表明:港区建设对工程海域影响范围为6000m,规划港区所围成的近岸海域,流速大幅度减小,且流向也发生了很大变化;疏港路建设施工期,基槽开挖引起的悬浮泥沙影响较大,超一、二类水域面积为2.43km~2,超三类水域面积为0.0069km~2,无超四类水域;悬浮泥沙在近岸海域浓度较大且呈东西向分布;规划港区建成后,最大淤积率为30mm/a,出现在疏港路两侧离原海岸线较远的海域;冲刷区整体向南移动;港区所围海区淤积程度减小;经计算,填海造成约5.18t底栖生物被掩埋,经济补偿合计51.8万元。在此基础上,提出了相应的环境保护措施;从合理规划、完善填海平面设计、进行科学论证及工程全过程管理等方面对海阳港填海工程的管理提出了建议。
Reclaimed marine development is an important marine engineering of humanbeings activity, and is also an improtant means to expand our living and productionspace. Reclamation brings us economic benefits and also many environmentalproblems, such as changing hydrodynamic conditions, water self-purification capacityweakened, deteriorating water quality, and causing sedimentation in harbor, and so on.
This study is carried out by a combination of qualitative and quantitativeresearch methods.Based on reclamation overview at home and abroad,this articlesummarize studying status of impacts on ocean environment resulted fromreclamation projects, discusses reclamation management principles at home andabroad, sums up the development and shotcomings of assessment of oceanenvironment, and finally, discusses the development of marine numerical models,which is the technical means of assessment of ocean environment, and populatnumerical models in details.Based on all above, sophisticated two-dimensionalnumerical model is applied to quantitatively study the cumulative effect of theconstruction of the Port Road and programmed Eastern Harbor on ocean environment.The results show that:Port Road and the construction of the Eastern Harbor will leadto changes in hydrodynamic conditions within the affected area of 6000m; Coastalwaters surrounded by planned port lines is affected more seriously, where the vilocityreduce drastically, and the flow direction also occurr larger changes. In constructionperiod of the port road, excavation and clearing foundation trench will lead tosuspended sediment, and the latter affects more seriously, area ultraing the first andsecond class of water quality standard is 2.43km~2, and the ultra-third-class area is0.0069km~2, and the ultra-fourth-class area is 0km~2; Suspended sediment concentrationin coastal waters is larger and showed a ast-west distribution.After the construstion of the planned Eastern Harbor, there will be a water area with a maximum deposition rate of 30mm/a, which appear on both sides of the Port Road, which is far from the coastal lines; erosion-regions move south wholly; waters surrounded by port lines is in a condition of decreased deposition. After calculation, some 5.18t benthic organisms were buried resulted from reclamation, with a total financial compensation of 518,000 yuan. On these basis,this article advance corresponding environmental protection measures, and make some suggestions on HaiYang Port reclamation project, from views of rational planning, improving the design of reclamation projects, conducting scientific proof and management on the whole process of reclamation.
引文
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