山东湿地生态系统生态功能评估及其生态补偿研究
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摘要
湿地与森林、海洋并称为全球三大自然生态系统,它是经济社会发展的战略资源和地球上许多生物物种赖以生存的重要场所。湿地生态系统功能独特,不仅为人类提供丰富的动植物产品、水资源、矿物资源和充分的土地后备资源,还具有保护生物遗传多样性、调蓄水量、调节气候、过滤、降解污染物和净化水体等生态服务功能和提供观光与旅游、教育与科研价值等社会功能。
生态补偿是20世纪50年代以来,一些国家或地区为了应对经济社会发展中存在的资源耗竭和生态破坏问题所尝试采用的一种经济解决手段,在平衡和协调经济社会发展与生态保护之间的紧张关系发挥着积极而重要的作用。在湿地的开发、利用和保护过程中,建立完善的生态补偿机制进行规范,将会对山东湿地生态环境的保护有关键的作用。
山东湿地类型多,分布广,资源丰富。根据Ramsar湿地公约,可将山东湿地划分为海岸、河口湾、河流、湖泊、沼泽5大类型。湿地对维持生态平衡和促进经济发展具有重要的作用,但是由于人们对湿地生态功能缺乏了解,在开发、利用湿地的过程中,许多湿地资源和功能遭到严重破坏,对山东的生态环境保护和可持续发展造成重大的阻碍。
通过全面系统地研究山东湿地的主要生态系统服务功能,确定物种栖息地、物资生产、污染防治、气候调节、涵养水源、旅游休闲6项主要服务功能作为评估对象,应用所采纳的评价方法和指标体系、采用野外调查法和问卷调查法进行实地考察和支付意愿调查,对湿地主要分布的七个市地的湿地生态系统服务功能的价值进行了全面系统的评价和估算,估算出山东湿地生态系统服务功能的总价值和各市湿地价值,为山东开展湿地生态补偿提供科学依据。
在不同类型的湿地生态系统和不同的生态系统服务价值之间进行比较,分析山东省湿地生态系统服务价值的构成和不合理之处;将山东省湿地生态系统服务价值和国内外研究成果比较,得出山东省湿地服务价值的不足和该发展之处;将社会调查结果进行统计分析,得出人们对湿地的支付意愿和对湿地补偿的接受程度,作为建立山东省生态补偿的依据。
本文分析了山东省湿地生态系统补偿的可行性和必要性,并对湿地生态效益补偿制度进行构思和设计,探讨了湿地生态效益补偿制度的几个重要问题,即:湿地生态效益补偿的主体、客体、对象、补偿的标准和依据、补偿的途径和形式等。据此提出了山东湿地生态效益补偿制度的基本框架。
Wetlands、forests and oceans are the three most important ecosystem on earth Wetland is a kind of unique ecosystem not only providing products of animals and plants,offering water,mineral resources,providing living and production sites,but also has key ecological functions,such as protecting genetic biodiversity,holding water,regulating climate,filtrating and depredating the pollutants and purifying water quality,and social functions,such as sightseeing and tourism,education and research, etc.
Since the 1950s,in order to deal with the economic and social development of resources depletion and ecological damage,ecological benefit compensation has been a new way to solve the problem in some countries and regions.And it becomes more and more important te balance and coordinate between the ecological protection and the development of ec(?)nomic and society.When exploit,use and protect wetlands, establish an consumma:ecological benefit compensation system as a criterion will be a key to the protection on ecological environment of wetland in Shandong.
Shandong is rich in wetland resources with different types、vast area and abundant resources.According to the definition of wetland in "Ramsar Convention on Wetlands",the wetlands of Shandon were classified into 5 types:coastal,estuary, riverine,lacustrine and swamp wetlands.Wetlands play an important role in maintaining ecological balance and promoting economic development.However,in the process of developing and using wetlands,many wetland resources and functions have been seriously damaged for lack of knowledge on the ecological functions of wetlands.This hampers the eco-environment protection and sustainable development in Shandong province.
Through a systematical discuss on Shandong wetland ecosystem service functions, 6 important service functions as evaluation objects were confirmed,including habitat and refuge,food and raw materials production,waster treatment、gas and climate regulation,water supply and tourism.Based on the evaluation measure and systematic index this paper used,the value of ecosystem service functions of Shandong wetland is assessed by field investigation and social survey methods.Evaluated the total value of Shandong province and 7 important regions,in which most wetlands exist, provided a scientific basis for the working of developing an consummate ecological benefit compensation system of Shandong wetland.
The values of different types of wetland systems and different service functions were compared to analyze the constitution and deficiency of the ecological functions of Shandong wetland;the value of Shandong wetland was also compared with other researches on ecological service values both home and abroad to induce the focus development of the ecological functions of Shandong wetland;the resident's willingness to pay for wetland and acceptance space for compensation were attained by statistical analysis of the social survey results.The achievements above were employed as the basis for the working of establishing a consummate ecological benefit compensation system of Shandong wetland.
The feasibility and necessity of ecological benefit compensation in Shandong province were analyzed.A special compensation system of Shandong wetland was designed according to the stdudy;Some key issues were discussed,such as the subject, object,standard,forms,ways,etc.of the compensation system.Based on the study,a frame of the compensation of wetland in Shandong was proposed.
生态补偿是20世纪50年代以来,一些国家或地区为了应对经济社会发展中存在的资源耗竭和生态破坏问题所尝试采用的一种经济解决手段,在平衡和协调经济社会发展与生态保护之间的紧张关系发挥着积极而重要的作用。在湿地的开发、利用和保护过程中,建立完善的生态补偿机制进行规范,将会对山东湿地生态环境的保护有关键的作用。
山东湿地类型多,分布广,资源丰富。根据Ramsar湿地公约,可将山东湿地划分为海岸、河口湾、河流、湖泊、沼泽5大类型。湿地对维持生态平衡和促进经济发展具有重要的作用,但是由于人们对湿地生态功能缺乏了解,在开发、利用湿地的过程中,许多湿地资源和功能遭到严重破坏,对山东的生态环境保护和可持续发展造成重大的阻碍。
通过全面系统地研究山东湿地的主要生态系统服务功能,确定物种栖息地、物资生产、污染防治、气候调节、涵养水源、旅游休闲6项主要服务功能作为评估对象,应用所采纳的评价方法和指标体系、采用野外调查法和问卷调查法进行实地考察和支付意愿调查,对湿地主要分布的七个市地的湿地生态系统服务功能的价值进行了全面系统的评价和估算,估算出山东湿地生态系统服务功能的总价值和各市湿地价值,为山东开展湿地生态补偿提供科学依据。
在不同类型的湿地生态系统和不同的生态系统服务价值之间进行比较,分析山东省湿地生态系统服务价值的构成和不合理之处;将山东省湿地生态系统服务价值和国内外研究成果比较,得出山东省湿地服务价值的不足和该发展之处;将社会调查结果进行统计分析,得出人们对湿地的支付意愿和对湿地补偿的接受程度,作为建立山东省生态补偿的依据。
本文分析了山东省湿地生态系统补偿的可行性和必要性,并对湿地生态效益补偿制度进行构思和设计,探讨了湿地生态效益补偿制度的几个重要问题,即:湿地生态效益补偿的主体、客体、对象、补偿的标准和依据、补偿的途径和形式等。据此提出了山东湿地生态效益补偿制度的基本框架。
Wetlands、forests and oceans are the three most important ecosystem on earth Wetland is a kind of unique ecosystem not only providing products of animals and plants,offering water,mineral resources,providing living and production sites,but also has key ecological functions,such as protecting genetic biodiversity,holding water,regulating climate,filtrating and depredating the pollutants and purifying water quality,and social functions,such as sightseeing and tourism,education and research, etc.
Since the 1950s,in order to deal with the economic and social development of resources depletion and ecological damage,ecological benefit compensation has been a new way to solve the problem in some countries and regions.And it becomes more and more important te balance and coordinate between the ecological protection and the development of ec(?)nomic and society.When exploit,use and protect wetlands, establish an consumma:ecological benefit compensation system as a criterion will be a key to the protection on ecological environment of wetland in Shandong.
Shandong is rich in wetland resources with different types、vast area and abundant resources.According to the definition of wetland in "Ramsar Convention on Wetlands",the wetlands of Shandon were classified into 5 types:coastal,estuary, riverine,lacustrine and swamp wetlands.Wetlands play an important role in maintaining ecological balance and promoting economic development.However,in the process of developing and using wetlands,many wetland resources and functions have been seriously damaged for lack of knowledge on the ecological functions of wetlands.This hampers the eco-environment protection and sustainable development in Shandong province.
Through a systematical discuss on Shandong wetland ecosystem service functions, 6 important service functions as evaluation objects were confirmed,including habitat and refuge,food and raw materials production,waster treatment、gas and climate regulation,water supply and tourism.Based on the evaluation measure and systematic index this paper used,the value of ecosystem service functions of Shandong wetland is assessed by field investigation and social survey methods.Evaluated the total value of Shandong province and 7 important regions,in which most wetlands exist, provided a scientific basis for the working of developing an consummate ecological benefit compensation system of Shandong wetland.
The values of different types of wetland systems and different service functions were compared to analyze the constitution and deficiency of the ecological functions of Shandong wetland;the value of Shandong wetland was also compared with other researches on ecological service values both home and abroad to induce the focus development of the ecological functions of Shandong wetland;the resident's willingness to pay for wetland and acceptance space for compensation were attained by statistical analysis of the social survey results.The achievements above were employed as the basis for the working of establishing a consummate ecological benefit compensation system of Shandong wetland.
The feasibility and necessity of ecological benefit compensation in Shandong province were analyzed.A special compensation system of Shandong wetland was designed according to the stdudy;Some key issues were discussed,such as the subject, object,standard,forms,ways,etc.of the compensation system.Based on the study,a frame of the compensation of wetland in Shandong was proposed.
引文
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