地震电磁疑似异常特征提取与地震相关性分析
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摘要
强震前存在地震电磁疑似异常现象已被大量强震震例所证实,分析地震电磁疑似异常已经成为地震短临预测的有效手段。伴随着国际地震电磁卫星的迅速发展,研究地震电磁特征提取方法,统计分析地震电磁疑似异常,对地震短临预测及我国自主研发电磁卫星都具有重要意义。
论文基于法国DEMETER卫星的数据和资料,采用电磁波传播分析和极化分析方法,对截止频率下方出现的类似平面波辐射的地震电磁疑似异常进行了提取,并进行了如下几方面的研究:
本文首先研究了电磁波极化概念,对完全极化波和非完全极化波的概念和分析方法进行了阐述,为采用SVD技术深入分析了在电离层高度截止频率下电磁辐射的极化特性和波传播特性。通过特征分析确定了电磁时频幅度和极化度等参数的分割门限,通过门限检测方法将几千个数据文件的数量降低到几百个。
其次,论文研究了C均值聚类方法、ISODATA算法和形态学区域生长等目标分割算法,通过理论分析各种算法的优缺点,最终确定采用形态学区域生长算法。该方法运算速度快,适用于大数据量的检测。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效提取地震电磁异常信号,并具有较高的执行效率。
最后,论文对2006年全年8700个数据文件采用本文算法进行了检测,并对提取出来的地震电磁疑似异常信息与地震事件进行了统计分析,研究了地震电磁疑似异常发生的经纬度、时间、极化、传播方向等特征参数与地震事件的相关性,为地震电磁前兆分析提供了科学合理的统计结果。
论文成果不仅提供了可靠的地震电磁疑似异常检测方法,对于从海量数据中提取少量有用信息而言,也提供了研究典范。
It has been proved by a lot of seismic cases that the seismo-electromagnetic abnormal phenomena occur before the strong earthquakes. The seismo-electromagnetic precursors have been considered as an effective means of the short-term and imminent earthquake prediction. At the same time, accompanying with the swift development of the international
seimo-electromagnetic satellites, it is important for imminent earthquake prediction and our own seimo-electromagnetic satellites to carry out research on processing method for seimo-electromagnetic data on the DEMETER spacecraft.
By using the data and documents of the satellite DEMETER, take the methods of analysis of electromagnetic wave propagation and polarization, we extract seismo-electromagnetic abnormal phenomena, which is similar to the plane-wave radiation, under the cut-off frequency, the following specific research:
Firstly, the concept of Electromagnetic wave polarization was introduced, include the concept and the analysis methods of completely polarized wave and non-fully polarized wave, and the polarization features as well as the propagation features of electromagnetic radiation under the cut-off frequency in ionosphere use the SVD(Singular value decomposition) technology. The segmentation threshold of electromagnetic spectrum as well as the polarization were determined by the feature analysis, for reduce the amount of data.
Secondly, the C-mean algorithm、ISODATA(Iterative Selforganizing Data Analysis Techniques Algorithm) algorithm and the region growing on Morphological were introduced, we finally take region growing on Morphological because for its speed. Experimental results show that this method can effectively extract abnormal seismic electromagnetic signals and implementation of high efficiency.
Finally, we use this algorithm detected 8700 data files collected in 2006, then Statistical Analysis the relationship between the seismo-electromagnetic abnormal phenomena and seismic events,. We also statistical analysis the relationship between Latitude and longitude, time, polarization, propagation direction of characteristic parameters of abnormal phenomena and seismic events, for the reason science.
The result of article provide a detect method of seismo-electromagnetic abnormal phenomena, and it is also a good model how to extract a little information from mass data files.
论文基于法国DEMETER卫星的数据和资料,采用电磁波传播分析和极化分析方法,对截止频率下方出现的类似平面波辐射的地震电磁疑似异常进行了提取,并进行了如下几方面的研究:
本文首先研究了电磁波极化概念,对完全极化波和非完全极化波的概念和分析方法进行了阐述,为采用SVD技术深入分析了在电离层高度截止频率下电磁辐射的极化特性和波传播特性。通过特征分析确定了电磁时频幅度和极化度等参数的分割门限,通过门限检测方法将几千个数据文件的数量降低到几百个。
其次,论文研究了C均值聚类方法、ISODATA算法和形态学区域生长等目标分割算法,通过理论分析各种算法的优缺点,最终确定采用形态学区域生长算法。该方法运算速度快,适用于大数据量的检测。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效提取地震电磁异常信号,并具有较高的执行效率。
最后,论文对2006年全年8700个数据文件采用本文算法进行了检测,并对提取出来的地震电磁疑似异常信息与地震事件进行了统计分析,研究了地震电磁疑似异常发生的经纬度、时间、极化、传播方向等特征参数与地震事件的相关性,为地震电磁前兆分析提供了科学合理的统计结果。
论文成果不仅提供了可靠的地震电磁疑似异常检测方法,对于从海量数据中提取少量有用信息而言,也提供了研究典范。
It has been proved by a lot of seismic cases that the seismo-electromagnetic abnormal phenomena occur before the strong earthquakes. The seismo-electromagnetic precursors have been considered as an effective means of the short-term and imminent earthquake prediction. At the same time, accompanying with the swift development of the international
seimo-electromagnetic satellites, it is important for imminent earthquake prediction and our own seimo-electromagnetic satellites to carry out research on processing method for seimo-electromagnetic data on the DEMETER spacecraft.
By using the data and documents of the satellite DEMETER, take the methods of analysis of electromagnetic wave propagation and polarization, we extract seismo-electromagnetic abnormal phenomena, which is similar to the plane-wave radiation, under the cut-off frequency, the following specific research:
Firstly, the concept of Electromagnetic wave polarization was introduced, include the concept and the analysis methods of completely polarized wave and non-fully polarized wave, and the polarization features as well as the propagation features of electromagnetic radiation under the cut-off frequency in ionosphere use the SVD(Singular value decomposition) technology. The segmentation threshold of electromagnetic spectrum as well as the polarization were determined by the feature analysis, for reduce the amount of data.
Secondly, the C-mean algorithm、ISODATA(Iterative Selforganizing Data Analysis Techniques Algorithm) algorithm and the region growing on Morphological were introduced, we finally take region growing on Morphological because for its speed. Experimental results show that this method can effectively extract abnormal seismic electromagnetic signals and implementation of high efficiency.
Finally, we use this algorithm detected 8700 data files collected in 2006, then Statistical Analysis the relationship between the seismo-electromagnetic abnormal phenomena and seismic events,. We also statistical analysis the relationship between Latitude and longitude, time, polarization, propagation direction of characteristic parameters of abnormal phenomena and seismic events, for the reason science.
The result of article provide a detect method of seismo-electromagnetic abnormal phenomena, and it is also a good model how to extract a little information from mass data files.
引文
1杨俊英.卫星观测数据与地震关系的统计分析.国际地震动态. 2007,8:46~53
2 M Parrot, O Santolic, J Blecki. Examples of unusual ionospheric observations made by the DEMETER satellite ove seismic regions. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth. 2006,31:486-495
3钱书清,郝锦绮,周建国. 1999年9月21日台湾集集Ms7.4地震前ULF电磁信号及其与模拟实验结果的比较.地震学报. 2001,23(3):322~327
4 L Rezeau, A Roux, C T Russell. Characterization of Small-Scale Structures at the Magnetopause from Isee Measurements. J. Geophys. Res. 1993,98:179~186
5张学民,赵国泽,陈小斌.国外地震电磁现象观测.地球物理学进展. 2007,22(3):687~694
6丁鉴海,申旭辉,潘威炎.地震电磁前兆研究进展.电波科学学报. 2006,21(5):791~801
7 F Nemec, O Santolik, M Parrot. Decrease of Intensity of ELF/VLF Waves Observed in the Upper Ionosphere Close to Earthquakes: A Statistical Study. J. Geophys. Res. 2009,144:1~10
8 F Nemec, O Santolik, M Parrot. Power Line Harmonic Radiation: A Systematic Study Using Demeter Spacecraft Advances in Space Research. 2007,40:398~403
9 N Lin, E S Lee, J McFadden. VLF/ELF Wave Activity in the Vicinity of the Polar Cusp: Cluster Observations. Ann. Geophys. 2006,24:1993~2004
10朱荣. 2006年6月DEMETER国际研讨会内容介绍.国际地震动态. 2007,8:59~64
11 J D Means. The Use of the Three Dimensional Covariance Matrix in Analyzing the Polarization Properties of Plane Waves. Journal of Geophysical Research 1972, 77(28):5551~5559
12 R L McPherron, C T Russel, P J C Jr. Fluctuating Magnetic Fields in the Magnetosphere, 2, ULF Waves. Space Sci. Rev. 1972,13:411~454
13 J C Samson. Descriptions of the Polarization States of Vector Process: Applications to ULF Magnetic Field. Geophysical Journal of Royal Astronomical Society. 1973,34:403~419
14 H P Ladreiter, P Zarka, A Lecacheux. Analysis of Electromagnetic Wave Direction Finding Performed by Space Borne Antennas Using Singular-Value Decomposition Techniques. Radio Sci. 1995,30:1699~1712
15 O Santolik, M Parrot, F Lefeuvre. Singular Value Decomposition Methods for WavePropagation Analysis. Radio Science. 2003,38(1):1010~1022
16 M Hayakawa. Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated with Earthquakes. Department of Electronic Engineering. 2006,126(4):211~214
17肖骑彬,赵国泽,詹艳.地震电磁卫星交变电磁场的数据处理.地球物理学进展. 2007,22(3):674~678
18 D Lagoutte, L Madrias, M Parrot. DEMETER Microsatellitescientific mission center data product description. Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique 2005, 3.0:1-85
19 D Lagoutte, M Parrot, J.A Sauvaud. DEMETER Microsatellite scientific mission center data user guide. Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique 2005, 1.0:1-21
20王春红.基于DEMETER卫星地震电磁数据处理方法的研究.哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士论文. 2009
21 O Santolic, F Nemec. Analysis methods for multi-component wave measurement on board the DEMETER spacecraft. Preprint submitted to Planetary and Space Science-DEMETER. 2005,15:1-28
22 O Prot, M Bergounioux, J G Trotignon. Determination of a Power Density by an Entropy Regularization Method. J. Appl. Math. 2005,2:127~152
23 A N Tikhonov, A V Goncharsky, V Stepanov. Numerical Methods for the Solution of Ill-Posed Problems. Springer. 1995,19:41~53
24 O Santolik, M Parrot. The Wave Distribution Function in a Hot Magnetospheric Plasma: The Direct Problem. J. Geophys. Res. 1996,101:10639~10651
25 J D Means. The Use of the Three Dimensional Covariance Matrix in Analyzing the Polarization Properties of Plane Waves. Journal of Geophysical Research 1972, 77(28):5551~5559
26 R L McPherron, C T Russel, P J C Jr. Fluctuating Magnetic Fields in the Magnetosphere, 2, ULF Waves. Space Sci. Rev. 1972,13:411~454
27 J C Samson. Descriptions of the Polarization States of Vector Process: Applications to ULF Magnetic Field. Geophysical Journal of Royal Astronomical Society. 1973,34:403~419
28 U Amato, W Hughes. Maximum Entropy Regularization of Fredholm Integral Equations of the First Kind. Inverse Problems. 1991,7:739~808
29 H W Engl, G Landl. Convergence Rates for Maximum Entropy Regularization. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 1993,30:1509~1536
30 R L McPherron, C T Russel, P J C Jr. Fluctuating Magnetic Fields in the Magnetosphere, 2, ULF Waves. Space Sci. Rev. 1972,13:411~454
31 S Sazhin. Oblique Whistler-Mode Growth and Damping in a Hot Anisotropic Plasma. Planet. Space Sci. 1988,36:663~667
32 S Sazhin. An Approximate Theory of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in a WeaklyRelativistic Plasma. J. Plasma Physics. 1987,37:209~230
33肖梅.三分量地震极化滤波与波场分离方法研究.长安大学工学硕士论文. 2005
34 J E Shore, R W Johnson. Axiomatic Derivation of the Principle of Maximum Entropy and the Principle of Minimum Cross-Entropy. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory. 1980,26:26~36
35 T Oscarsson. Dual Principles in Maximum Entropy Reconstruction of the Wave Distribution Function. J. Comput. Phys. 1994,110:221~233
36 T H Stix. The Theory of Plasma Waves. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1962: 26~31
37郭宝昌,邹环宇,纪东梅.电磁辐射异常与岫岩地震.东北地震研究. 2001,17(2):23~27
38杨芳,申旭辉,吴云.电磁环境卫星系统及在地震短临预测中的应用.航天器工程. 2008,17(1):68-73
39 L R O Storey, F Lefeuvre. The Analysis of 6-Component Measurement of a Random Electromagnetic Wave Field in a Magnetoplasma, 2, the Integration Kernels. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 1980,62:173~194
40 D.Lagoutte,J.Y.Brochot,D.de Carvalho,L.Madrias and M.Parrot. DEMETER Microsatellite SCIENTIFIC MISSION CENTER DATA PRODUCT DESCRIPTION. DMT-SP-9-CM-6054-LPC.2005
41马冰然.电磁场与电磁波(上册).华南理工大学出版社. 1999年第2版
42曾清平.雷达极化技术与极化信息应用.国防工业出版社. 2006年第1版
43边肇祺,张学工.模式识别(第二版).清华大学出版社. 2000年第1版
44 R C.Gonzales, R E.Woods.阮秋琦等译.数字图像处理(第二版).电子工业出版社. 2003年第1版
2 M Parrot, O Santolic, J Blecki. Examples of unusual ionospheric observations made by the DEMETER satellite ove seismic regions. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth. 2006,31:486-495
3钱书清,郝锦绮,周建国. 1999年9月21日台湾集集Ms7.4地震前ULF电磁信号及其与模拟实验结果的比较.地震学报. 2001,23(3):322~327
4 L Rezeau, A Roux, C T Russell. Characterization of Small-Scale Structures at the Magnetopause from Isee Measurements. J. Geophys. Res. 1993,98:179~186
5张学民,赵国泽,陈小斌.国外地震电磁现象观测.地球物理学进展. 2007,22(3):687~694
6丁鉴海,申旭辉,潘威炎.地震电磁前兆研究进展.电波科学学报. 2006,21(5):791~801
7 F Nemec, O Santolik, M Parrot. Decrease of Intensity of ELF/VLF Waves Observed in the Upper Ionosphere Close to Earthquakes: A Statistical Study. J. Geophys. Res. 2009,144:1~10
8 F Nemec, O Santolik, M Parrot. Power Line Harmonic Radiation: A Systematic Study Using Demeter Spacecraft Advances in Space Research. 2007,40:398~403
9 N Lin, E S Lee, J McFadden. VLF/ELF Wave Activity in the Vicinity of the Polar Cusp: Cluster Observations. Ann. Geophys. 2006,24:1993~2004
10朱荣. 2006年6月DEMETER国际研讨会内容介绍.国际地震动态. 2007,8:59~64
11 J D Means. The Use of the Three Dimensional Covariance Matrix in Analyzing the Polarization Properties of Plane Waves. Journal of Geophysical Research 1972, 77(28):5551~5559
12 R L McPherron, C T Russel, P J C Jr. Fluctuating Magnetic Fields in the Magnetosphere, 2, ULF Waves. Space Sci. Rev. 1972,13:411~454
13 J C Samson. Descriptions of the Polarization States of Vector Process: Applications to ULF Magnetic Field. Geophysical Journal of Royal Astronomical Society. 1973,34:403~419
14 H P Ladreiter, P Zarka, A Lecacheux. Analysis of Electromagnetic Wave Direction Finding Performed by Space Borne Antennas Using Singular-Value Decomposition Techniques. Radio Sci. 1995,30:1699~1712
15 O Santolik, M Parrot, F Lefeuvre. Singular Value Decomposition Methods for WavePropagation Analysis. Radio Science. 2003,38(1):1010~1022
16 M Hayakawa. Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated with Earthquakes. Department of Electronic Engineering. 2006,126(4):211~214
17肖骑彬,赵国泽,詹艳.地震电磁卫星交变电磁场的数据处理.地球物理学进展. 2007,22(3):674~678
18 D Lagoutte, L Madrias, M Parrot. DEMETER Microsatellitescientific mission center data product description. Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique 2005, 3.0:1-85
19 D Lagoutte, M Parrot, J.A Sauvaud. DEMETER Microsatellite scientific mission center data user guide. Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique 2005, 1.0:1-21
20王春红.基于DEMETER卫星地震电磁数据处理方法的研究.哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士论文. 2009
21 O Santolic, F Nemec. Analysis methods for multi-component wave measurement on board the DEMETER spacecraft. Preprint submitted to Planetary and Space Science-DEMETER. 2005,15:1-28
22 O Prot, M Bergounioux, J G Trotignon. Determination of a Power Density by an Entropy Regularization Method. J. Appl. Math. 2005,2:127~152
23 A N Tikhonov, A V Goncharsky, V Stepanov. Numerical Methods for the Solution of Ill-Posed Problems. Springer. 1995,19:41~53
24 O Santolik, M Parrot. The Wave Distribution Function in a Hot Magnetospheric Plasma: The Direct Problem. J. Geophys. Res. 1996,101:10639~10651
25 J D Means. The Use of the Three Dimensional Covariance Matrix in Analyzing the Polarization Properties of Plane Waves. Journal of Geophysical Research 1972, 77(28):5551~5559
26 R L McPherron, C T Russel, P J C Jr. Fluctuating Magnetic Fields in the Magnetosphere, 2, ULF Waves. Space Sci. Rev. 1972,13:411~454
27 J C Samson. Descriptions of the Polarization States of Vector Process: Applications to ULF Magnetic Field. Geophysical Journal of Royal Astronomical Society. 1973,34:403~419
28 U Amato, W Hughes. Maximum Entropy Regularization of Fredholm Integral Equations of the First Kind. Inverse Problems. 1991,7:739~808
29 H W Engl, G Landl. Convergence Rates for Maximum Entropy Regularization. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 1993,30:1509~1536
30 R L McPherron, C T Russel, P J C Jr. Fluctuating Magnetic Fields in the Magnetosphere, 2, ULF Waves. Space Sci. Rev. 1972,13:411~454
31 S Sazhin. Oblique Whistler-Mode Growth and Damping in a Hot Anisotropic Plasma. Planet. Space Sci. 1988,36:663~667
32 S Sazhin. An Approximate Theory of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in a WeaklyRelativistic Plasma. J. Plasma Physics. 1987,37:209~230
33肖梅.三分量地震极化滤波与波场分离方法研究.长安大学工学硕士论文. 2005
34 J E Shore, R W Johnson. Axiomatic Derivation of the Principle of Maximum Entropy and the Principle of Minimum Cross-Entropy. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory. 1980,26:26~36
35 T Oscarsson. Dual Principles in Maximum Entropy Reconstruction of the Wave Distribution Function. J. Comput. Phys. 1994,110:221~233
36 T H Stix. The Theory of Plasma Waves. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1962: 26~31
37郭宝昌,邹环宇,纪东梅.电磁辐射异常与岫岩地震.东北地震研究. 2001,17(2):23~27
38杨芳,申旭辉,吴云.电磁环境卫星系统及在地震短临预测中的应用.航天器工程. 2008,17(1):68-73
39 L R O Storey, F Lefeuvre. The Analysis of 6-Component Measurement of a Random Electromagnetic Wave Field in a Magnetoplasma, 2, the Integration Kernels. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 1980,62:173~194
40 D.Lagoutte,J.Y.Brochot,D.de Carvalho,L.Madrias and M.Parrot. DEMETER Microsatellite SCIENTIFIC MISSION CENTER DATA PRODUCT DESCRIPTION. DMT-SP-9-CM-6054-LPC.2005
41马冰然.电磁场与电磁波(上册).华南理工大学出版社. 1999年第2版
42曾清平.雷达极化技术与极化信息应用.国防工业出版社. 2006年第1版
43边肇祺,张学工.模式识别(第二版).清华大学出版社. 2000年第1版
44 R C.Gonzales, R E.Woods.阮秋琦等译.数字图像处理(第二版).电子工业出版社. 2003年第1版