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蒲黄饮片炮制工艺及质量标准规范化研究
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摘要
中药炭药炮制品为中国医药学所特有,用于临床以治疗各种出血病证及其他多种疾病。生蒲黄、炒蒲黄和蒲黄炭系蒲黄(香蒲科植物水烛香蒲Typha angustifolia L.、东方香蒲Typha orientalis Presl或同属植物的干燥花粉)的加工炮制品,使用历史悠久,长期的临床实践证明:生蒲黄、炒蒲黄和蒲黄炭具有明显的止血作用,可用于吐血、崩漏及其他多种出血病证,疗效确切。
     本论文分以下几个部分对蒲黄进行了研究:
     文献综述研究。以中药材蒲黄为对象,系统地研究了蒲黄各饮片炮制方法的历史沿革变化轨迹及前人的炮制原始意图,总结了前人研究蒲黄的化学成分、炮制经验和临床体会,并为课题的研究提供了有益的借鉴。
     蒲黄活性部位的药效学筛选研究。根据中医药理论,通过化学分离与药效学筛选比较,确定了生蒲黄、炒蒲黄、蒲黄炭饮片的主要有效部位即总黄酮部位。
     蒲黄的炮制工艺规范化研究。在上述研究的基础上系统而深入地对生蒲黄、炒蒲黄、蒲黄炭饮片的炮制工艺进行了系统深入的研究。以有效部位为考察指标,采用正交试验法并结合生产实践优选出了最佳的饮片炮制工艺,即炒蒲黄饮片最佳炮制工艺为炒制温度控制在150℃,炒制时间为12min,蒲黄炭饮片最佳炮制工艺为炒制温度控制在210℃,炒制时间为8min,制定了科学、规范的SOP。
     蒲黄饮片的质量标准研究。对生蒲黄、炒蒲黄、蒲黄炭饮片进行定性、定量研究,并检测了各饮片的重金属、砷、有机农药残留等有害物质的含量。建立了生蒲黄、炒蒲黄、蒲黄炭饮片的质量控制方法和全套质量标准。
     饮片初步稳定性研究。按照各饮片的质量标准草案项下依法检测,考察饮片的初步稳定性,比较了纸、塑料袋和铝塑包装的差异。
     蒲黄药效的物质基础研究。对蒲黄的乙醇提取物进行了研究,蒲黄花粉经超生破壁处理后,用95%乙醇提取三次,乙醇提取液浓缩后经两相萃取,分为石油醚、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水部分,通过硅胶、聚酰胺等多种层析方法,分离得到16个化合物,运用IR、~1H-NMR、~(13)C-NMR、HMBC、HSQC、~1H-~1H—COSY、ESI-MS等波谱方法鉴定了其中12个化合物,分别是二十烷酸(Ⅰ)、十八烷酸(Ⅱ)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅲ)、香草酸(Ⅳ)、十八烷酸丙酸醇酯(Ⅴ)、槲皮素(Ⅵ)、柚皮素(Ⅶ)、2-羟基-N-((4Z,8Z)-3-羟基-1-(3,4,5-3羟基-6-(羟甲基)-4氢-2H-吡喃-2氧基)十八-4,8-二烯-2基)十四碳酸酰胺(Ⅷ)、嘧啶-2,4(1H,3H)-二酮(Ⅸ)、β-胡罗卜苷(Ⅹ)、异鼠李素-3-0-新橙皮糖苷(Ⅺ)、香蒲新苷(Ⅻ),其中化合物Ⅴ、Ⅷ、Ⅸ为首次从该属植物中分得的化合物。另外,对蒲黄生品、炒蒲黄、蒲黄炭的鞣质含量变化进行了研究。
     我们进行了蒲黄饮片指纹图谱的初步研究。应用HPLC法以Waters X-Terra C_(18)(4.6mm×25cm)色谱分析柱,乙腈-0.05%三氟醋酸,梯度洗脱,流速1.0ml/min,检测波长炒蒲黄、蒲黄饮片检测波长为254nm,蒲黄炭饮片检测波长为360nm建立了蒲黄饮片、炒蒲黄、蒲黄炭的指纹图谱。
Carbonized traditional Chinese medicine is unique in the world, which can be used totreat many kinds of haemorrhage symptoms and other diseases. Pollen Typhae Carbonisatusis the product of Pollen Typhae and has been used for a long time. The clinical practice hasproved that Pollen Typhae Carbonisatus had significant effects in hemostasis. It can be usedfor the treatment of blood vomiting, leaking and other haemorrhage disorders.
     Nine sections are included in this dissertation with the purpose of research on thePollen Typhae.
     In the first part, there is a documental review of the scientific research on PollenTyphae including the history of the craft and the primary intention of thepredecessors,chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, clinical application andprocessing case. We summarized their experiences and clinical comprehensions, whichprovided effective experiences to our research.
     Based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, we select the effective part anddemonstrated the effective part of Pollen Typhae, Pollen Typhae Parch and Pollen TyphaeCarbonisatus through the chemical separation and pharmacodynamical screening.
     Through the evaluation of the quality and quantity of the effective part, we selected theoptimum method by the orthogonal designed experiment: Pollen Typhae Parch was roasted12 minutes at 150℃and Pollen Typhae Carbonisatus was roasted 8 minutes at 210℃. Wealso formulated the standard operation practice (SOP) scientifically and precisely.
     We established the method based on the systematic research on the herbal piecesdescription, identification, qualitative and quantitative analysis of Pollen Typhae, PollenTyphae Parchand Pollen Typhae Carbonisatus. We formulated the appropriate methods ofthe quality control for them respectively.
     We inspected the stability and the accelerative stability 3 batches of samples. We alsocompared the influence of the different wrapping materials on the herbal pieces, includingconventional plastic, paper and aluminum foil.
     We studied the extractions from pollen typhae. Twelve components were isolated and identified by spectrum technology such as IR、~1H-NMR, ~(13)C-NMR、HSQC、HMBC、~1H-~1H-COSY and ESI-MS. The structure of them were icosanoic acid,stearic acid,β-sitosterol, vanillic acid, stearic acid propanetriol ester, quercetin, naringenin,2-hydroxy-N-((4Z,8Z)-3-hydroxy-1-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxy methyl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)octadeca-4,8-dien-2-yl) tetradecanamide, pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione,β-sitosteryl-3-O-glucopyranoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-neohesperidoside,typhaneoside. Among them, the compoundsⅤ,Ⅷ, andⅨwere isolated from PollenTyphae for the first time. We also compared the tannic contents of Pollen Typhae, PollenTyphae Parch and Pollen Typhae carbonisatus.
     We performed preliminary research on the fingerprint pictures of Pollen Typhae and itsprocessing herbal pieces. Based on the fingerprint pictures of Pollen Typhae, Pollen TyphaeCarbonisatus and Pollen Typhae Parch by HPLC. The chromatographic conditions were asfollowed: Waters X-Terra C_(18)(4.6mm×25cm) with the gradient elution solvent systemmethylcyanid-0.05%trifluoroacetic acid under the detected wavelength of 254 nm for PollenTyphae and Pollen Typhae Parch, 360nm for Pollen Typhae Carbonisatus,flow rate of1.0ml/min. Based on the work mentioned above, we established the standard fingerprintpictures of Pollen Typhae, Pollen Typhae Parch and Pollen Typhae Carbonisatus.
引文
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