基于矢量波像差理论的反射望远系统装调研究
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摘要
矢量波像差理论也称节点像差理论(Nodal Aberration Theory,简称NAT)可以定量的描述元件偏心和倾斜影响下光学系统的波像差。利用矢量波像差理论可以分析处于失调状态下光学系统的波像差指导光学系统的装调,同时对于某些光学系统也可以将光学系统设计参数、失调量和失调光学系统的波像差之间建立方程,通过测量失调光学系统的波像差就可以对失调量进行精确求解。
目前,高精度反射望远系统装调采用计算机辅助装调技术。计算机辅助装调多利用数学近似或迭代的方法对失调量进行求解,由于缺乏理论指导在实际应用中会遇到许多实际问题。本文基于矢量波像差理论对反射望远系统的装调进行研究,研究对象是常见的两反和三反望远系统,研究目的在于提高反射望远系统的装调效率,降低装调的盲目性,从而弥补计算机辅助装调的不足之处。主要的研究内容总结为以下几个方面：
1.对偏心和倾斜影响下光学系统的一阶特性进行了分析,详细推导了每个光学元件的像差场中心位置与元件偏心和倾斜的关系公式。
2.详细的阐述了在偏心和倾斜影响下光学系统的三阶波像差特性,着重讨论了彗差、像散和场曲在整个视场中分布规律。
3.利用矢量波像差理论,对两反望远系统装调的理论问题进行了详细、深入的讨论,总结出两反望远系统共轴的必要条件,提出了一种基于矢量波像差理论和干涉波像差检测技术对失调量精确求解的装调方法。
4.对三反望远系统处于失调状态下的波像差在视场中的分布特点进行了分析,讨论了三反望远系统装调有关的理论问题,并得出了一些重要结论。
Vector wavefront aberration theory, also known as nodal aberration theory (NAT), can quantitatively describe the wavefront aberration of optical systems under the influence of decenter and tilt of surface. By Vector wave aberration theory, wavefront aberration of misaligned optical systems can be analyzed to guide alignment of optical systems, and for some optical systems equations between the designed optical parameters, misalignment values and the wavefront aberration of misaligned optical system are established, misalignment values can be sovled through testing the wavefront aberration of misaligned optical system.
Currently the alignment of high-precision reflective telescopes often use computer-aided alignment technology. Computer-aided alignment technology often used the mathematical methods of iteration or approximation to solve the amounts of misalignment, because of the lack of theoretical guidance, many practical problems were encountered. This dissertation researches on reflective telescope alignment based on vector wavefront aberration theory, the object of study is common two-mirror and three-mirror optical systems, the purpose of study is to improve the alignment efficiency of reflective telescopes and reduce the blindness of alignment which make up the defect of the computer-aided alignment technology. The main research contents are summarized in the following aspects:
1. The first-order properties of decentered and tilted optical systems are analyzed in detail, the relation formula between aberration field center and decenter and tilt of each optical component is derived.
2. The behavior of third-order aberration in decentered and tilted optical systems are described in detail, focusing on distribution of the coma, astigmatism and field curvature in the entire field of view.
3. Using vector wavefront aberration theory, theoretical issues to align two mirror telescopes is discussed, the necessary conditions of aligned two-mirror telescopes is summarized, a method based on vector wavefront aberration theory and interference wavefront aberration testing technique is introduced which can exactly solve the misalignment values.
4.The behavior of wavefront aberration of misaligned three-mirror telescopes in the whole field of view is analyzed, theoretical issues to align three mirror telescopes is discussed, and some important conclusions is obtained.
目前,高精度反射望远系统装调采用计算机辅助装调技术。计算机辅助装调多利用数学近似或迭代的方法对失调量进行求解,由于缺乏理论指导在实际应用中会遇到许多实际问题。本文基于矢量波像差理论对反射望远系统的装调进行研究,研究对象是常见的两反和三反望远系统,研究目的在于提高反射望远系统的装调效率,降低装调的盲目性,从而弥补计算机辅助装调的不足之处。主要的研究内容总结为以下几个方面：
1.对偏心和倾斜影响下光学系统的一阶特性进行了分析,详细推导了每个光学元件的像差场中心位置与元件偏心和倾斜的关系公式。
2.详细的阐述了在偏心和倾斜影响下光学系统的三阶波像差特性,着重讨论了彗差、像散和场曲在整个视场中分布规律。
3.利用矢量波像差理论,对两反望远系统装调的理论问题进行了详细、深入的讨论,总结出两反望远系统共轴的必要条件,提出了一种基于矢量波像差理论和干涉波像差检测技术对失调量精确求解的装调方法。
4.对三反望远系统处于失调状态下的波像差在视场中的分布特点进行了分析,讨论了三反望远系统装调有关的理论问题,并得出了一些重要结论。
Vector wavefront aberration theory, also known as nodal aberration theory (NAT), can quantitatively describe the wavefront aberration of optical systems under the influence of decenter and tilt of surface. By Vector wave aberration theory, wavefront aberration of misaligned optical systems can be analyzed to guide alignment of optical systems, and for some optical systems equations between the designed optical parameters, misalignment values and the wavefront aberration of misaligned optical system are established, misalignment values can be sovled through testing the wavefront aberration of misaligned optical system.
Currently the alignment of high-precision reflective telescopes often use computer-aided alignment technology. Computer-aided alignment technology often used the mathematical methods of iteration or approximation to solve the amounts of misalignment, because of the lack of theoretical guidance, many practical problems were encountered. This dissertation researches on reflective telescope alignment based on vector wavefront aberration theory, the object of study is common two-mirror and three-mirror optical systems, the purpose of study is to improve the alignment efficiency of reflective telescopes and reduce the blindness of alignment which make up the defect of the computer-aided alignment technology. The main research contents are summarized in the following aspects:
1. The first-order properties of decentered and tilted optical systems are analyzed in detail, the relation formula between aberration field center and decenter and tilt of each optical component is derived.
2. The behavior of third-order aberration in decentered and tilted optical systems are described in detail, focusing on distribution of the coma, astigmatism and field curvature in the entire field of view.
3. Using vector wavefront aberration theory, theoretical issues to align two mirror telescopes is discussed, the necessary conditions of aligned two-mirror telescopes is summarized, a method based on vector wavefront aberration theory and interference wavefront aberration testing technique is introduced which can exactly solve the misalignment values.
4.The behavior of wavefront aberration of misaligned three-mirror telescopes in the whole field of view is analyzed, theoretical issues to align three mirror telescopes is discussed, and some important conclusions is obtained.
引文
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[4]http://keckobservatory.org/about/the_observatory
[5]http://www.tmt.org/news/site-selection.htm
[6]http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/main/index.html
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