基于松耦合变压器的大功率感应电能传输技术研究
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摘要
感应电能传输简称ICPT(Inductively Coupled Power Transfer)。该技术通过松耦合变压器使供电侧与用电侧以非接触的方式,间隔数毫米到十几厘米气隙,完成能量传输。在便携移动设备、电动汽车非接触充电、特殊环境中供电等方面发挥巨大作用。
本文通过松耦合变压器的T型等效模型研究了其自身能量传输特性,分析了一次侧二次侧分别串联电容补偿结构的ICPT系统原理,给出了松耦合变压器的设计准则与系统电路参数计算式。并研制了ICPT系统硬件电路,包括全桥移相变换器,整流滤波,电压采集及无线反馈等部分,采用射频收发芯片和DSP完成无线闭环控制。
本文对开环ICPT系统特性做了深入研究。包括工作频率偏离谐振频率时系统输出电压特性、全桥变换器移相角对输出电压的影响、全桥变换器实现零电压开通的条件、不同气隙传输特性。当系统工作在零电压开通模式,输入电压290V时,样机最大可传输功率3.75kW,系统整体效率89%。
本文对闭环ICPT系统做了初步研究。根据改变移相角可以改变输出电压的特性,测试了系统开环幅频特性,设计了PI控制参数,通过调整移相角使输出电压在负载变化时保持恒定。输入电压为290V时,样机可稳压输出260V,最大输出功率2kW。
Inductively Coupled Power Transfer is simplified for ICPT. This technology can transfer energy from a power supply to a power consumer contactlessly by loosely coupled transformer with an air gas varying from several millimeters to centimeters. Such energy transfer plays a tremendous role in power supply systems for handheld mobile equipment, electric vehicle and device in special environment.
This thesis researched the power transfer characteristic of loosely coupled transformer basing on its T-type equivalent circuit model, analyzed the principle of Series-Series resonant ICPT system, gave the design criteria for loosely coupled transformer and calculate formulas for system circuit parameters, designed the circuit for ICPT system which consisted of full-bridge phase-shift converter, rectifier, filter, voltage sampling and wireless feedback system which completed wireless closed-loop control by RF transceiver chip and DSP.
The characteristic of open-loop ICPT system was further researched, which included output voltage characteristic when the working frequency was different from the resonant frequency, phase-shift angle’s influence on system’s output voltage, realization conditions for full-bridge phase shift converter to work at Zero Voltage Switch Mode, and power transfer characteristic for different air gap. When the system worked at Zero Voltage Switch mode and the input voltage was 290V, the prototype’s maximum output power was 3.75kW, and the overall efficiency was 89%.
The characteristic of closed-loop ICPT system was preliminary researched. By changing the phase-shift angle to obtain different output characteristic and testing the open-loop bode plot, the PI control parameters was determined. The output voltage could keep stable while the load varied by adjusting the phase-shift angle. When the input voltage was 290V, the output voltage was stable at 260V and the maximum output power was 2kW.
本文通过松耦合变压器的T型等效模型研究了其自身能量传输特性,分析了一次侧二次侧分别串联电容补偿结构的ICPT系统原理,给出了松耦合变压器的设计准则与系统电路参数计算式。并研制了ICPT系统硬件电路,包括全桥移相变换器,整流滤波,电压采集及无线反馈等部分,采用射频收发芯片和DSP完成无线闭环控制。
本文对开环ICPT系统特性做了深入研究。包括工作频率偏离谐振频率时系统输出电压特性、全桥变换器移相角对输出电压的影响、全桥变换器实现零电压开通的条件、不同气隙传输特性。当系统工作在零电压开通模式,输入电压290V时,样机最大可传输功率3.75kW,系统整体效率89%。
本文对闭环ICPT系统做了初步研究。根据改变移相角可以改变输出电压的特性,测试了系统开环幅频特性,设计了PI控制参数,通过调整移相角使输出电压在负载变化时保持恒定。输入电压为290V时,样机可稳压输出260V,最大输出功率2kW。
Inductively Coupled Power Transfer is simplified for ICPT. This technology can transfer energy from a power supply to a power consumer contactlessly by loosely coupled transformer with an air gas varying from several millimeters to centimeters. Such energy transfer plays a tremendous role in power supply systems for handheld mobile equipment, electric vehicle and device in special environment.
This thesis researched the power transfer characteristic of loosely coupled transformer basing on its T-type equivalent circuit model, analyzed the principle of Series-Series resonant ICPT system, gave the design criteria for loosely coupled transformer and calculate formulas for system circuit parameters, designed the circuit for ICPT system which consisted of full-bridge phase-shift converter, rectifier, filter, voltage sampling and wireless feedback system which completed wireless closed-loop control by RF transceiver chip and DSP.
The characteristic of open-loop ICPT system was further researched, which included output voltage characteristic when the working frequency was different from the resonant frequency, phase-shift angle’s influence on system’s output voltage, realization conditions for full-bridge phase shift converter to work at Zero Voltage Switch Mode, and power transfer characteristic for different air gap. When the system worked at Zero Voltage Switch mode and the input voltage was 290V, the prototype’s maximum output power was 3.75kW, and the overall efficiency was 89%.
The characteristic of closed-loop ICPT system was preliminary researched. By changing the phase-shift angle to obtain different output characteristic and testing the open-loop bode plot, the PI control parameters was determined. The output voltage could keep stable while the load varied by adjusting the phase-shift angle. When the input voltage was 290V, the output voltage was stable at 260V and the maximum output power was 2kW.
引文
1赵晓坤,电动车感应充电技术的研究,哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文,2009
2 SAE Electric Vehicle Inductive Coupling Recommended Practice, SAE J-1773, Issued 1995-01, Revised 1999-11.
3 WM7200 Inductive Charger Owner’s Manual
4日本昭和工业产品手册
5 Kojiya T,Sato F,Matsuki H,Sato T,Automatic Power Supply System to Underwater Vehicles Utilizing Non-contacting, Technology OCEANS '04,2004,2341 - 2345
6 Ayano H, Yamamoto K,Hino N,Yamato I,a highly efficient contactless electrical energy transmission system,IECON 02,2002,1364 - 1369
7 www.wampfler.com
8 Covic G.A,Elliott G,Stielau O.H,Green R.M,Boys J.T, The design of a contact-less energy transfer system For a people mover system Power System Technology, 2000. 79 - 84
9 AndréKurs, Aristeidis Karalis, Robert Moffatt,J. D. Joannopoulos, Peter Fisher,Marin Soljacˇic, Wireless Power Transfer via Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonances, SCIENCE, 2007, VOL 317
10张小壮,磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输距离特性及其实验装置研究,哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文,2009.6
11任立涛,磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输功率特性,哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文,2009.6
12 Chunbo Zhu, Chunlai Yu, Kai Liu, Rui Ma,Research on the Topology of Wireless Energy,IEEE,VPPC,2008
13毛银花,基于磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输的多接收端系统研究,哈尔滨工业大学学士学位论文,2008.6
14 Chunlai Yu, Rengui Lu, Yinhua Mao, Litao Ren, Chunbo Zhu, Research on the Model of Magnetic-Resonance Based Wireless Energy Transfer System,IEEE,VPPC,2009
15 J.T Boy,G.A Covic and A.W.Gree,Stability and control of inductively coupled power transfer systems,IEE Proc.-ElecV. PONW Appl,Vol. 147,2000,37-43
16 Boys J.T,Hu A.P,Covic G.A,critical Q analysis of a current-fed resonant converter for ICPTapplications,Electronics Letters,2000,1440 - 1442
17 Covic G.A,Elliott G,Stielau O.H,Green R.M,Boys J.T,The design of a contact-less energy transfer system For a people mover system,Power System Technology, 2000,79 - 84
18 Boys J. T,Elliott G. A. J, Covic G. A,an appropriate magnetic coupling co-efficient for the design and comparison of ICPT pickups Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions,2007,333 - 335
19 Sch. of Electr, a design methodology for flat pick-up ICPT systems Industrial,Electronics and Applications,2006,1 - 7
20 Keeling N.A,Covic G.A,Boys J.T,a unity-power-factor IPT pickup for high-power applications,Industrial Electronics,2010,744 - 751
21唐春森,非接触电能传输系统软开关工作点研究及应用,重庆大学博士论文,2009
22 Hayes J.G,Egan M.G,Murphy J.M.D,Schulz S.E,Hall J.T,wide-load-range resonant converter supplying the sae j-1773 electric vehicle inductive charging interface,Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on,1999,884 - 895
23 Kutkut N.H,Klontz K.W,design considerations for power converters supplying the sae j-1773 electric vehicle inductive coupler,APEC '97 Conference Proceedings,1997,841 - 847
24 Ecklebe A,Lindemann A,analysis and design of a contactless energy transmission system with flexible inductor positioning for automated guided vehicles,IECON 2006 - 32nd Annual Conference,2006,1721-1726
25 Artur Moradewicz,Marian P,Novel FPGA Based Control of Series Resonant Converter for Contactless Power Supply,EUROCON 2007 The International Conference on ,2007,9-12
26 Moradewicz A.J,Kazmierkowski M.P, FPGA based control of series resonant converter for contactless power supply,IEEE International Symposium,2008,245-250
27 Yungtaek Jang,Jovanovic M.M,high efficiency contactless energy transfer system with power electronic resonnat converter Industrial Electronics, IEEETransactions on,2003,520-527
28武瑛,新型无接触供电系统的研究,中国科学院研究生院博士学位论文,2004.8
29刘志宇,感应充电实验系统研究,清华大学硕士学位论文,2004.5.
30毛赛君,非接触感应电能传输系统关键技术研究,南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文,2006
31张峰,松耦合全桥谐振器的研究,南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文,2007
32陈希有.电路理论基础,高等教育出版社, 2002:120
33 Batarseh, I. a comparison of resonant converter topologies with three and four energy storage elements for automatic inductive charging application Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on 1994 63-70
34张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计(修订版).北京:电子工业出版社, 2004
35 Rengui Lu, Tianyu Wang, Yinhua Mao, Chunbo Zhu. Analysis and Design of a Wireless Closed-loop ICPT System Working at ZVS Mode., ,2010 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference
36亢宝位; IGBT发展概述,电力电子,2006第五期
37孙鸿祥,郑丹,祝典,基于IR2110的驱动电路应用和设计技巧,科技创新导报,2008,42-43
38张志薇,吴辉,贲洪奇,基于UC3844的多路输出IGBT驱动电源设计,电源技术应用,2006
39苏奎峰,TMS320x28xxx原理与开发,电子工业出版社2009,238
40黄智伟.单片无线发射与接收电路设计.西安电子科技大学出版社, 2009:137
41 Abraham I,开关电源设计电子工业出版社2006,293
2 SAE Electric Vehicle Inductive Coupling Recommended Practice, SAE J-1773, Issued 1995-01, Revised 1999-11.
3 WM7200 Inductive Charger Owner’s Manual
4日本昭和工业产品手册
5 Kojiya T,Sato F,Matsuki H,Sato T,Automatic Power Supply System to Underwater Vehicles Utilizing Non-contacting, Technology OCEANS '04,2004,2341 - 2345
6 Ayano H, Yamamoto K,Hino N,Yamato I,a highly efficient contactless electrical energy transmission system,IECON 02,2002,1364 - 1369
7 www.wampfler.com
8 Covic G.A,Elliott G,Stielau O.H,Green R.M,Boys J.T, The design of a contact-less energy transfer system For a people mover system Power System Technology, 2000. 79 - 84
9 AndréKurs, Aristeidis Karalis, Robert Moffatt,J. D. Joannopoulos, Peter Fisher,Marin Soljacˇic, Wireless Power Transfer via Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonances, SCIENCE, 2007, VOL 317
10张小壮,磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输距离特性及其实验装置研究,哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文,2009.6
11任立涛,磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输功率特性,哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文,2009.6
12 Chunbo Zhu, Chunlai Yu, Kai Liu, Rui Ma,Research on the Topology of Wireless Energy,IEEE,VPPC,2008
13毛银花,基于磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输的多接收端系统研究,哈尔滨工业大学学士学位论文,2008.6
14 Chunlai Yu, Rengui Lu, Yinhua Mao, Litao Ren, Chunbo Zhu, Research on the Model of Magnetic-Resonance Based Wireless Energy Transfer System,IEEE,VPPC,2009
15 J.T Boy,G.A Covic and A.W.Gree,Stability and control of inductively coupled power transfer systems,IEE Proc.-ElecV. PONW Appl,Vol. 147,2000,37-43
16 Boys J.T,Hu A.P,Covic G.A,critical Q analysis of a current-fed resonant converter for ICPTapplications,Electronics Letters,2000,1440 - 1442
17 Covic G.A,Elliott G,Stielau O.H,Green R.M,Boys J.T,The design of a contact-less energy transfer system For a people mover system,Power System Technology, 2000,79 - 84
18 Boys J. T,Elliott G. A. J, Covic G. A,an appropriate magnetic coupling co-efficient for the design and comparison of ICPT pickups Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions,2007,333 - 335
19 Sch. of Electr, a design methodology for flat pick-up ICPT systems Industrial,Electronics and Applications,2006,1 - 7
20 Keeling N.A,Covic G.A,Boys J.T,a unity-power-factor IPT pickup for high-power applications,Industrial Electronics,2010,744 - 751
21唐春森,非接触电能传输系统软开关工作点研究及应用,重庆大学博士论文,2009
22 Hayes J.G,Egan M.G,Murphy J.M.D,Schulz S.E,Hall J.T,wide-load-range resonant converter supplying the sae j-1773 electric vehicle inductive charging interface,Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on,1999,884 - 895
23 Kutkut N.H,Klontz K.W,design considerations for power converters supplying the sae j-1773 electric vehicle inductive coupler,APEC '97 Conference Proceedings,1997,841 - 847
24 Ecklebe A,Lindemann A,analysis and design of a contactless energy transmission system with flexible inductor positioning for automated guided vehicles,IECON 2006 - 32nd Annual Conference,2006,1721-1726
25 Artur Moradewicz,Marian P,Novel FPGA Based Control of Series Resonant Converter for Contactless Power Supply,EUROCON 2007 The International Conference on ,2007,9-12
26 Moradewicz A.J,Kazmierkowski M.P, FPGA based control of series resonant converter for contactless power supply,IEEE International Symposium,2008,245-250
27 Yungtaek Jang,Jovanovic M.M,high efficiency contactless energy transfer system with power electronic resonnat converter Industrial Electronics, IEEETransactions on,2003,520-527
28武瑛,新型无接触供电系统的研究,中国科学院研究生院博士学位论文,2004.8
29刘志宇,感应充电实验系统研究,清华大学硕士学位论文,2004.5.
30毛赛君,非接触感应电能传输系统关键技术研究,南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文,2006
31张峰,松耦合全桥谐振器的研究,南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文,2007
32陈希有.电路理论基础,高等教育出版社, 2002:120
33 Batarseh, I. a comparison of resonant converter topologies with three and four energy storage elements for automatic inductive charging application Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on 1994 63-70
34张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计(修订版).北京:电子工业出版社, 2004
35 Rengui Lu, Tianyu Wang, Yinhua Mao, Chunbo Zhu. Analysis and Design of a Wireless Closed-loop ICPT System Working at ZVS Mode., ,2010 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference
36亢宝位; IGBT发展概述,电力电子,2006第五期
37孙鸿祥,郑丹,祝典,基于IR2110的驱动电路应用和设计技巧,科技创新导报,2008,42-43
38张志薇,吴辉,贲洪奇,基于UC3844的多路输出IGBT驱动电源设计,电源技术应用,2006
39苏奎峰,TMS320x28xxx原理与开发,电子工业出版社2009,238
40黄智伟.单片无线发射与接收电路设计.西安电子科技大学出版社, 2009:137
41 Abraham I,开关电源设计电子工业出版社2006,293