面向企业集群的产品网络构建及集群特性研究
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摘要
企业集群在增强地方产业竞争优势和拉动经济增长中发挥了重要作用,集群的发展需要科学合理的决策支持,需要从微观层次研究企业集群的运作模式。企业集群是一个由多种主体构成的复杂系统,其自身所具备的系统复杂性可以采用复杂网络理论进行研究,同时复杂网络科学丰富的理论体系能为企业集群的系统性分析提供有效的理论支持。
本文主要应用理论研究与实证分析相结合的技术方法开展研究工作。通过调研宁波市注塑机企业集群的实证数据,以产品为核心,应用复杂网络的理论和方法,提出企业集群产品网络的建模方法,揭示产品网络的特征与功能,分析集群产品结构特性,在此基础上研究企业产品分布特性和企业间的关联性。本论文的主要研究内容如下:
首先,介绍了企业集群和复杂网络的国内外研究现状,论文的意义和主要研究内容。考虑到企业集群系统的复杂性,详细阐述了集群网络模型的不同构建方法。并提出一种以产品为核心从客户需求角度构建企业集群产品网络的方法,分析产品网络的结构特性。研究发现,宁波市注塑机产品网络具有复杂网络的小世界特性、集聚性和无标度性。
其次,应用复杂网络的社团结构算法对集群产品网络进行社团划分,从社团划分结果看,宁波市注塑机产品网络具有清晰的社团结构,并在社团划分的基础上对集群产品进行系列划分;用节点度分析企业集群产品结构,提出应用节点的Z-P矩阵来评价产品在网络中的地位,进而分析集群的产品结构,之后提出促进集群产品结构合理化的措施。
最后,研究集群中企业区域集聚特性;提出企业中心度的计算方法,并分析企业在集群中的地位;提出企业产品分布系数的计算方法,分析企业产品的分布特性,研究发现,集群中大部分企业的产品呈均匀化分布状态,但个别企业只集中生产一到两个系列的产品;根据企业产品的分布情况,提出企业相关度的计算方法,并对企业间的关联特性进行分析,在此基础上分析集群企业间的合作竞争特性。
Enterprise Clusters play an important role in enhancing the competitiveness and promote economic growth of local industry, and its development needs the supporting on scientific and rational policy, so the operation mode of enterprise clusters was researched from microcosmic level. Enterprise cluster is a complex system of network, the system has its own complexity that makes it possible use the complex network theory, the rich and scientific theoretical of complex network for the systematic analysis of enterprise cluster theory to provide effective support.
The research has carried out by the method in which combined theoretical knowledge and practical data together. Based on the core of product and employing the methodologies of complex network, current study proposed enterprise cluster product network models. Based on the features and functions of the network were revealed and products structural characteristics were researched, the distribution of products and relationship between enterprises were researched. The main contents of this paper are as follows:
First, the current situation of the research about enterprise cluster and methodologies of complex network were expatiated, and the significance and main contents of this paper were given. Considering the complexity of enterprise cluster system, methods were expounded on modeling different enterprise cluster networks. Based on the core of product and from the angle of client demands, a method of building enterprise cluster product network was proposed and the structure characteristics of product network were analyzed. The result was that the injection molding machine network of Ningbo has small world features, clustering properties and scale-free properties.
Second, applying the community structure algorithm, the cluster products network was divided into many different communities, the result was that the community structure of injection products network of Ningbo was clear, and based on the communities which were divided the product series were classified. The products structure of enterprise clusters was analyzed with nodes degree, and the roles of products in the network were evaluated by the nodes Z - P matrix which was proposed by the use of nodes were connected in its community and other community, the product structure of the enterprise was researched and measures in order to promote product structure of rationalization cluster were put forward.
Finally, cluster characteristics of enterprises were researched. The calculation method of enterprise center degree which was proposed was studied the roles of enterprises in the cluster. A method of enterprise product distribution coefficient calculation was proposed was used to analyze the corporate products in the distribution characteristics of the series. The study was found that most of the products of the enterprise cluster were in discrete distribution and some medium-sized enterprises were centralized production a series of products. Enterprise product correlation method to calculate the product correlation between enterprises was analyzed, and the cooperation and competitive characteristics between cluster enterprises were analyzed.
本文主要应用理论研究与实证分析相结合的技术方法开展研究工作。通过调研宁波市注塑机企业集群的实证数据,以产品为核心,应用复杂网络的理论和方法,提出企业集群产品网络的建模方法,揭示产品网络的特征与功能,分析集群产品结构特性,在此基础上研究企业产品分布特性和企业间的关联性。本论文的主要研究内容如下:
首先,介绍了企业集群和复杂网络的国内外研究现状,论文的意义和主要研究内容。考虑到企业集群系统的复杂性,详细阐述了集群网络模型的不同构建方法。并提出一种以产品为核心从客户需求角度构建企业集群产品网络的方法,分析产品网络的结构特性。研究发现,宁波市注塑机产品网络具有复杂网络的小世界特性、集聚性和无标度性。
其次,应用复杂网络的社团结构算法对集群产品网络进行社团划分,从社团划分结果看,宁波市注塑机产品网络具有清晰的社团结构,并在社团划分的基础上对集群产品进行系列划分;用节点度分析企业集群产品结构,提出应用节点的Z-P矩阵来评价产品在网络中的地位,进而分析集群的产品结构,之后提出促进集群产品结构合理化的措施。
最后,研究集群中企业区域集聚特性;提出企业中心度的计算方法,并分析企业在集群中的地位;提出企业产品分布系数的计算方法,分析企业产品的分布特性,研究发现,集群中大部分企业的产品呈均匀化分布状态,但个别企业只集中生产一到两个系列的产品;根据企业产品的分布情况,提出企业相关度的计算方法,并对企业间的关联特性进行分析,在此基础上分析集群企业间的合作竞争特性。
Enterprise Clusters play an important role in enhancing the competitiveness and promote economic growth of local industry, and its development needs the supporting on scientific and rational policy, so the operation mode of enterprise clusters was researched from microcosmic level. Enterprise cluster is a complex system of network, the system has its own complexity that makes it possible use the complex network theory, the rich and scientific theoretical of complex network for the systematic analysis of enterprise cluster theory to provide effective support.
The research has carried out by the method in which combined theoretical knowledge and practical data together. Based on the core of product and employing the methodologies of complex network, current study proposed enterprise cluster product network models. Based on the features and functions of the network were revealed and products structural characteristics were researched, the distribution of products and relationship between enterprises were researched. The main contents of this paper are as follows:
First, the current situation of the research about enterprise cluster and methodologies of complex network were expatiated, and the significance and main contents of this paper were given. Considering the complexity of enterprise cluster system, methods were expounded on modeling different enterprise cluster networks. Based on the core of product and from the angle of client demands, a method of building enterprise cluster product network was proposed and the structure characteristics of product network were analyzed. The result was that the injection molding machine network of Ningbo has small world features, clustering properties and scale-free properties.
Second, applying the community structure algorithm, the cluster products network was divided into many different communities, the result was that the community structure of injection products network of Ningbo was clear, and based on the communities which were divided the product series were classified. The products structure of enterprise clusters was analyzed with nodes degree, and the roles of products in the network were evaluated by the nodes Z - P matrix which was proposed by the use of nodes were connected in its community and other community, the product structure of the enterprise was researched and measures in order to promote product structure of rationalization cluster were put forward.
Finally, cluster characteristics of enterprises were researched. The calculation method of enterprise center degree which was proposed was studied the roles of enterprises in the cluster. A method of enterprise product distribution coefficient calculation was proposed was used to analyze the corporate products in the distribution characteristics of the series. The study was found that most of the products of the enterprise cluster were in discrete distribution and some medium-sized enterprises were centralized production a series of products. Enterprise product correlation method to calculate the product correlation between enterprises was analyzed, and the cooperation and competitive characteristics between cluster enterprises were analyzed.
引文
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[21]龚玉环,卜琳华,孟庆伟.复杂网络结构视角下中关村产业集群创新能力分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2009,30(5):56-60.
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[23]陈金丹,胡汉辉.产业集群网络上的知识转移分析——以南京大明路汽车销售与服务产业集群为例[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2010,(2):100-104.
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