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噪声干扰下NGB接入网上行信道性能与智能诊断研究
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摘要
广播电视网是目前国内最普及的信息传播载体和重要的舆论宣传阵地,在未来国家信息化基础建设中具有举足轻重的地位和作用。但随着信息技术的快速发展,广大群众获取信息的渠道越来越多,获得的信息也越来越丰富,特别是2010年初,国家制定了关于加快推进电信网、广播电视网和互联网三网融合的战略计划,并明确了三网融合的时间表。为了适应新的形势,必须要引入先进的技术和理念对现有的电视系统进行改造,以满足广大群众对现代数字媒体和信息服务的需求,由此下一代广播电视网络应时而生。下一代广播电视网络是数字电视广播技术和数字信息技术相结合的产物,它由电信网、计算机网和有线电视网三网融合而成,用户可以按照自己的需求获取多种信息,从根本上改变广播电视“你播我收”的主从关系,形成全新的媒体服务模式。与此同时,为了满足下一代广播电视网络建设和发展的需要,打破高端专用仪器被国外企业垄断的局面,国内相关的测试与检测理论和方法成为研究的热点,多种专用仪器开发已被列入议事日程。
     本文基于开发下一代有线广播电视网络监控系统的需求,针对下一代有线电视网络的噪声特性和故障检测进行了深入研究。鉴于下行信道性能的研究已经非常成熟,本文将重点放在:下一代有线广播电视网络上行信道噪声模型详细推导与建立、基于该噪声模型的OFDM基带系统仿真平台构建和采用神经网络技术的上行信道故障分析检测系统研究与开发。主要创新性工作如下:
     接入网技术和多载波通信技术是下一代广播电视网的核心技术。本文在分析、研究接入网技术相关协议标准的基础上,重点研究了包括高斯噪声、窄带连续波噪声、脉冲噪声的特征函数模型和误码率表达式,以及基于OFDM技术的下一代有线广播电视网络性能。基于Matlab/Simulink软件,首先构建了包括信号源、调制解调、OFDM以及误码率计算等在内的多种模块;其次结合典型噪声特性模型和建模技术构成基带OFDM系统仿真平台;最后通过该平台进行了OFDM系统仿真和通信系统的性能分析,得到了仿真结果,从而为深入研究下一代广播电视网络性能,开发具有自主产权的专用宽带网络监控系统奠定了坚实的基础。
     在上述研究成果的基础上,将BP神经网络技术运用到下一代有线广播电视网上行信道故障诊断识别,通过提取上行信道的频谱特征作为神经网络的输入、采用实际上行信道频谱数据训练神经网络,获得噪声或干扰类型。经过大量仿真,得到最适合下一代有线广播电视网上行信道故障诊断的学习算法和激活函数,并针对该算法和激活函数推导出了权值修正量。
     按照本文推导的噪声模型等表达式、搭建的多载波有线广播电视通信系统仿真平台和基于神经网络技术开发的下一代有线广播电视网上行信道故障诊断识别系统,设计了NGB有线电视网上行信道回传噪声监测系统方案并已嵌入到德力电子有限公司的相关产品,为最终产品定型生产提供了重要的核心技术支撑。经实际使用,基于BP神经网络算法的故障诊断系统的故障诊断准确率达到85%以上,证明本文获得的噪声模型、仿真平台和故障诊断算法等成果的正确性,为开发具有自主知识产权的高端下一代广播电视网络专用仪器做出了贡献。
Radio&TV is the most popular carrier of transmitting information and also is themost important platform of propagating public opinions. It will play an important rolein the national information technology infrastructure in the future. With the rapiddevelopment of IT, more and more access to information channels has beenestablished and more and more rich information obtained by the masses. Especially inearly2010, the nation has made a plan about accelerating the telecommunicationnetwork, broadcast network and internet network integration strategic plan and clearlymade a network integration schedule. In order to adapt to the new situation andmeet the needs of the masses on digital media and information services, we mustintroduce advanced techniques and concepts to transform the existing TV system. Thenext generation broadcast network comes into being. The next generation broadcastnetwork is a product of digital TV broadcasting technology and digital informationtechnology integration, and it consists of telecommunication network, computernetwork and cable television network. Users can access to a variety of information inaccordance with their own needs, and it fundamentally change the master-slaverelationship "you broadcast and I receive" between radio and television and form anew media services. At the same time, in order to meet the needs of construction anddevelopment of the next generation broadcast network and break the high-endequipment monopolized by foreign business, the theory and method related to test anddetection has become a hot research in the domestic, and a variety of specialinstrument development have already been included in the schedule.
     In this paper, based on the needs for development of the next generation cablebroadcast network monitor system, we deeply studied noise characteristics and faultdetection. In view of downlink channel performance research has been mature, thispaper will focus on: detailed derivation and build of the next generation cablebroadcast network uplink channel noise model, the research and development ofOFDM base-band system simulation platform and uplink channel failure analysisdetection system using neural network technology. The main innovation works are asfollows:
     Access network technology and multi-carrier communication is the coretechnology for the next generation broadcast networks. Based on the analysis andstudy of the related access network technique protocol standard, this dissertation focuses on the characteristic function model including Gaussian noise, narrowbandcontinuous wave noise, pulse noise and BER expression, and the performance of nextgeneration cable television network based on the OFDM technique. UsingMatlab/Simulink software, we firstly constructed some modules such as the signalsource, modulation and demodulation, OFDM and BER calculation. Then base-bandOFDM systems simulation platform is formed using typical noise model andmodeling technology. Finally the simulation results are obtained by simulating theOFDM systems and analyzing the performance of communication system at theplatform. It lays solid foundation for further researching the next generation broadcastnetwork performance and developing special broadband network monitor system withindependent property.
     Based on the above research results, BP neural network technique can be used inthe area of the next generation cable broadcast and TV network for upstream channelfault diagnosis. Spectrum characteristics of upstream channel are used as neuralnetwork inputs. Upstream channel spectrum data obtained by actual measurement isused to train the neural network so that noise and interference type can be obtained byanalyzing the neural network output. After a lot of simulations, the most suitablelearning algorithm and activation function of the BP neural network can be obtainedto be used for upstream channel fault diagnosis of the next generation cable broadcastand TV network. The corrections of the weights were also derived in this thesis basedon the most suitable algorithm and activation function.
     Based on noise model expression derived by this thesis, upstream channel faultdiagnosis identification system for the next generation cable broadcast and TVnetwork can be built as well as cable broadcast and TV communication multi-carriersystem simulation platform. We designed a scheme of upstream channel noisemonitoring system for the next generation cable broadcast and TV network, which hasbeen embedded into the related products of the Deli Electronics Limited Company. Itplays a core technical role for the final product. Proved by actual application, theaccuracy of the fault diagnosis system based on BP neural network is more than85%.It verifies the correctness of the noise model, simulation platform and fault diagnosisalgorithm. We hope to contribute to the development of the next generation high-endbroadcast and TV network instrument for a special purpose with independentintellectual property rights.
引文
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