浙江宁波地区部分海、淡水经济鱼类外寄生车轮虫的研究
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摘要
本研究调查了浙江宁波地区14种海、淡水经济鱼类寄生纤毛虫情况，其中9种鱼类感染车轮虫，包括4种海水鱼类(刺鰕虎鱼、黑鲷、弹涂鱼、中华乌塘鳢)及5种淡水鱼类(鲫、鳙、鳜、泥鳅、瓦氏黄颡鱼)，感染强度及寄生车轮虫种类不一。
本研究共获检了24种外寄生车轮虫。隶属于寡膜纲、游走亚纲、车轮虫科中的三个属，车轮虫属Trichodina Ehrenberg,1838、小车轮虫属Trichodinella (Rabbe,1950) Sramek-Husek,1953及三分虫属Tripartiella Lom，1959。其中发现车轮虫属20种：刺鰕虎鱼车轮虫(新种) Trichodina acanthogobae sp. nov.；弹涂鱼车轮虫(新种) T. periophthalmae sp. nov.；花鳅车轮虫T. cobiti Lom,1961；山黄鳝车轮虫T.cuchiae Asmat,2000；里海车轮虫T. caspialosae (Dogiel,1940) Lom,1962；长须鳠车轮虫T. guliae Asmat,2006；马丁车轮虫T. maritinkae Basson&Van As,1991；小袖车轮虫T. murmanica Poljansky,1955；杜氏车轮虫T. domerguei (Wallengren,1897)；钝圆车轮虫T. obtusiformis Tao&Zhao2006；网状车轮虫T. reticulataHirschman&Partsch,1955；马氏车轮虫T. matsu Basson&Van As,1994；斜齿车轮虫T. lechriodentata Zhao&Tang,2007；单型车轮虫T. uniforma Van As&Basson,1989；异齿车轮虫T. heterodentata Duncan,1977；卡氏车轮虫T. kazubski Van As andBasson,1989；易变车轮虫T. mutabilis Kazubski&Migala,1968；显著车轮虫T.nobilis Chen,1963；急尖车轮虫T. acuta Lom,1961；适度车轮虫T. modest Lom,1970；小车轮虫属3种：卡普小车轮虫Trichodinella capi Duncan,1977；周丛小车轮虫T. epizootica (Rabbe,1950) Sramek～Husek,1953；纤细小车轮虫T. subtilisLom&Haldar,1977；三分虫属1种：大型三分虫Tripartiella macrosoma Basson&VanAs,1987。其中包括2种新种、1种亚洲新记录、3种中国新记录、1种中国大陆新记录、17种浙江地区新记录及15种宿主新记录。本研究根据活体观察、干银法染色等方法，对车轮虫的活体形态学、附着盘结构、口围绕度及统计特征进行了研究。
车轮虫是水产养殖中常见且危害较大的一类游走亚目缘毛纤毛虫。通常车轮虫病的早期症状不明显，而当病症显现时又往往失去治疗的最佳时机，因此对病原进行早期正确的诊断并即时采取防范措施就显得尤为重要。本研究作为系列研究工作之一，旨在为国内鱼类寄生虫的研究增添新的内容，为浙江宁波地区开展健康渔业养殖提供一份基础性的参考资料。
Fourteen commercial fishes from Ningbo in Zhejiang Province, China, wereinvestigated for trichodinid parasites in this work, and nine of which were infected bythese parasites, including four esterarine fishes: Acanthogobius flavimanus, Sparusmacrocephalus, Periophthalmus cantonensis, Bostrychus sinensis and five freshwaterfishes: Carassius auratus, Aristichthys nobilis, Siniperca chuatsi,Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, Pelteobagrus vachellii.
Twenty-four trichodinids in total were obtained, which belong to three genera ofOligohymenophora, Peritrichida, Mobilina, Trichodinidae, in this investigation. Twentysubmit to Trichodina Ehrenberg,1838: ie, Trichodina acanthogobae sp. nov.;Trichodina periophthalmae sp. nov.; Trichodina cobiti Lom,1961; Trichodina cuchiaeAsmat,2000; Trichodina caspialosae (Dogiel,1940) Lom,1962; Trichodina guliaeAsmat,2006; Trichodina maritinkae Basson&Van As,1991; Trichodina murmanicaPoljansky,1955; Trichodina domerguei (Wallengren,1897); Trichodina obtusiformisTao&Zhao2006; Trichodina reticulata Hirschman&Partsch,1955; Trichodina matsuBasson&Van As,1994; Trichodina lechriodentata Zhao&Tang,2007; Trichodinauniforma Van As&Basson,1989; Trichodina heterodentata Duncan,1977; Trichodinakazubski Van As and Basson,1989; Trichodina mutabilis Kazubski&Migala,1968;Trichodina nobilis Chen,1963; Trichodina acuta Lom,1961; Trichodina modest Lom,1970; three species in Trichodinella (Rabbe,1950) Sramek-Husek,1953: Trichodinellacapi Duncan,1977; Trichodinella epizootica (Rabbe,1950) Sramek～Husek,1953andTrichodinella subtilis Lom&Haldar,1977; and Tripartiella macrosoma Basson&Van As,1987belong to Tripartiella Lom，1959. Among them two were described as new forms,as well as one record of Asia, three records of China, one record of China mainland,seventeen records of Zhejiang Province and fifteen records of new hosts. Based on drysilver impregnated specimens and description of denticles, all of the trichodinids weredescribed.
The dissertation expects to reinforce new content for parasitology of fish, providesome basic reference data for pathogeny which investigated in Zhejiang province,China.
本研究共获检了24种外寄生车轮虫。隶属于寡膜纲、游走亚纲、车轮虫科中的三个属，车轮虫属Trichodina Ehrenberg,1838、小车轮虫属Trichodinella (Rabbe,1950) Sramek-Husek,1953及三分虫属Tripartiella Lom，1959。其中发现车轮虫属20种：刺鰕虎鱼车轮虫(新种) Trichodina acanthogobae sp. nov.；弹涂鱼车轮虫(新种) T. periophthalmae sp. nov.；花鳅车轮虫T. cobiti Lom,1961；山黄鳝车轮虫T.cuchiae Asmat,2000；里海车轮虫T. caspialosae (Dogiel,1940) Lom,1962；长须鳠车轮虫T. guliae Asmat,2006；马丁车轮虫T. maritinkae Basson&Van As,1991；小袖车轮虫T. murmanica Poljansky,1955；杜氏车轮虫T. domerguei (Wallengren,1897)；钝圆车轮虫T. obtusiformis Tao&Zhao2006；网状车轮虫T. reticulataHirschman&Partsch,1955；马氏车轮虫T. matsu Basson&Van As,1994；斜齿车轮虫T. lechriodentata Zhao&Tang,2007；单型车轮虫T. uniforma Van As&Basson,1989；异齿车轮虫T. heterodentata Duncan,1977；卡氏车轮虫T. kazubski Van As andBasson,1989；易变车轮虫T. mutabilis Kazubski&Migala,1968；显著车轮虫T.nobilis Chen,1963；急尖车轮虫T. acuta Lom,1961；适度车轮虫T. modest Lom,1970；小车轮虫属3种：卡普小车轮虫Trichodinella capi Duncan,1977；周丛小车轮虫T. epizootica (Rabbe,1950) Sramek～Husek,1953；纤细小车轮虫T. subtilisLom&Haldar,1977；三分虫属1种：大型三分虫Tripartiella macrosoma Basson&VanAs,1987。其中包括2种新种、1种亚洲新记录、3种中国新记录、1种中国大陆新记录、17种浙江地区新记录及15种宿主新记录。本研究根据活体观察、干银法染色等方法，对车轮虫的活体形态学、附着盘结构、口围绕度及统计特征进行了研究。
车轮虫是水产养殖中常见且危害较大的一类游走亚目缘毛纤毛虫。通常车轮虫病的早期症状不明显，而当病症显现时又往往失去治疗的最佳时机，因此对病原进行早期正确的诊断并即时采取防范措施就显得尤为重要。本研究作为系列研究工作之一，旨在为国内鱼类寄生虫的研究增添新的内容，为浙江宁波地区开展健康渔业养殖提供一份基础性的参考资料。
Fourteen commercial fishes from Ningbo in Zhejiang Province, China, wereinvestigated for trichodinid parasites in this work, and nine of which were infected bythese parasites, including four esterarine fishes: Acanthogobius flavimanus, Sparusmacrocephalus, Periophthalmus cantonensis, Bostrychus sinensis and five freshwaterfishes: Carassius auratus, Aristichthys nobilis, Siniperca chuatsi,Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, Pelteobagrus vachellii.
Twenty-four trichodinids in total were obtained, which belong to three genera ofOligohymenophora, Peritrichida, Mobilina, Trichodinidae, in this investigation. Twentysubmit to Trichodina Ehrenberg,1838: ie, Trichodina acanthogobae sp. nov.;Trichodina periophthalmae sp. nov.; Trichodina cobiti Lom,1961; Trichodina cuchiaeAsmat,2000; Trichodina caspialosae (Dogiel,1940) Lom,1962; Trichodina guliaeAsmat,2006; Trichodina maritinkae Basson&Van As,1991; Trichodina murmanicaPoljansky,1955; Trichodina domerguei (Wallengren,1897); Trichodina obtusiformisTao&Zhao2006; Trichodina reticulata Hirschman&Partsch,1955; Trichodina matsuBasson&Van As,1994; Trichodina lechriodentata Zhao&Tang,2007; Trichodinauniforma Van As&Basson,1989; Trichodina heterodentata Duncan,1977; Trichodinakazubski Van As and Basson,1989; Trichodina mutabilis Kazubski&Migala,1968;Trichodina nobilis Chen,1963; Trichodina acuta Lom,1961; Trichodina modest Lom,1970; three species in Trichodinella (Rabbe,1950) Sramek-Husek,1953: Trichodinellacapi Duncan,1977; Trichodinella epizootica (Rabbe,1950) Sramek～Husek,1953andTrichodinella subtilis Lom&Haldar,1977; and Tripartiella macrosoma Basson&Van As,1987belong to Tripartiella Lom，1959. Among them two were described as new forms,as well as one record of Asia, three records of China, one record of China mainland,seventeen records of Zhejiang Province and fifteen records of new hosts. Based on drysilver impregnated specimens and description of denticles, all of the trichodinids weredescribed.
The dissertation expects to reinforce new content for parasitology of fish, providesome basic reference data for pathogeny which investigated in Zhejiang province,China.
引文
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