全地面起重机塔式工况整体稳定性研究
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摘要
随着工程建设发展的需要,全地面起重机塔式副臂工况在吊装行业得到了广泛应用,能够实现大起升高度和大起重载荷作业。塔式工况下,是由主副臂组合作业,规范中并未提供这种组合臂的稳定性计算方法,目前都是采用分别计算主臂和副臂的方法,显然未考虑组合臂整体稳定性的特点。同时,在吊装作业过程中,为了实现某一具体的吊载目标,主臂和副臂会有多种搭配组合方式,如何在考虑结构的稳定性的基础上对主臂和副臂进行较好的组合是一个亟待解决的现实问题。
针对上述问题,本文建立了全地面起重机塔式副臂工况有限元模型并进行分析。在对有限元参数化技术、稳定性理论以及MATLAB编程技术深入研究的基础上,本文开展了如下工作：
(1)分析全地面起重机塔式副臂的组合方式及工作原理,研究ANSYS关于APDL和高级建模部分的有关理论,对模型进行简化,实现全地面起重机塔式副臂参数化建模；
(2)研究有限元稳定性理论和有限单元法,对全地面起重机塔式副臂系统进行线性屈曲分析和非线性屈曲分析。基于上述方法,比较了全地面起重机塔式副臂系统分别采用整体式和分体式计算方法的区别以及临界载荷的变化规律,得出在进行全地面起重机塔式副臂工况整体稳定性时,采用非线性整体式的计算方法比较合理。
(3)针对同一目标吊载进行臂架组合的实际问题,分别以相同起升高度和相同变幅幅度为目标,变化主副臂的长度和角度,研究基于稳定性前提下的主副臂组合规律：主副臂的长度和主副臂的角度变化对组合臂架的稳定性有重要影响。所得结论可对工程吊装作业和工程设计提供一定参考。
With the needs of the engineering construction development, All-Terrain crane with tower boom has been widely applied in the lifting industry. It can realize larger lifting height and larger lifting load.All-Terrain crane under tower boom's condition is consist of main boom and tower boom. The method to calculate this kind of structure is not mentioned in the crane's design and rule. Currently, it is separated to calculate its components'stability. Apparently the combined boom's integral stability characteristic is not considered. At the same time, there are many combinations of main boom and tower boom for a fixed target in the lifting project operation process. So it is also an actual problem to how to determine the combination of booms while considering the structure stability.
In response to these practical problems, the finite element model of All-Terrain with tower boom was established and analyzed. After a good mastery of FEM parametric technology, stability theory, and MATLAB programming technology, the following work was carried out in the paper:
(1) The combinations of booms of All-Terrain crane with tower boom and the principle of working are studied and researched. Adopting APDL technology and advanced modeling theory, the All-Terrain crane with tower boom are parameterized and the finite element model can be established by necessary simplification.
(2) After studying finite element stability theory, the linear and nonlinear analysis was carried out. Based on methods above, integral and split calculation methods are compared in aspect of differences and variation law of critical load. It's concluded that Nonlinear integral calculation method is more reasonable when All-Terrain crane under tower boom's condition is checked whether stable or not.
(3) For the same lifting target problem, the laws of different booms combinations are researched by changing one of many parameters. The main boom and tower boom's length and angle have a great effect on combined booms. This brings about some references for the construction lifting operating.
针对上述问题,本文建立了全地面起重机塔式副臂工况有限元模型并进行分析。在对有限元参数化技术、稳定性理论以及MATLAB编程技术深入研究的基础上,本文开展了如下工作：
(1)分析全地面起重机塔式副臂的组合方式及工作原理,研究ANSYS关于APDL和高级建模部分的有关理论,对模型进行简化,实现全地面起重机塔式副臂参数化建模；
(2)研究有限元稳定性理论和有限单元法,对全地面起重机塔式副臂系统进行线性屈曲分析和非线性屈曲分析。基于上述方法,比较了全地面起重机塔式副臂系统分别采用整体式和分体式计算方法的区别以及临界载荷的变化规律,得出在进行全地面起重机塔式副臂工况整体稳定性时,采用非线性整体式的计算方法比较合理。
(3)针对同一目标吊载进行臂架组合的实际问题,分别以相同起升高度和相同变幅幅度为目标,变化主副臂的长度和角度,研究基于稳定性前提下的主副臂组合规律：主副臂的长度和主副臂的角度变化对组合臂架的稳定性有重要影响。所得结论可对工程吊装作业和工程设计提供一定参考。
With the needs of the engineering construction development, All-Terrain crane with tower boom has been widely applied in the lifting industry. It can realize larger lifting height and larger lifting load.All-Terrain crane under tower boom's condition is consist of main boom and tower boom. The method to calculate this kind of structure is not mentioned in the crane's design and rule. Currently, it is separated to calculate its components'stability. Apparently the combined boom's integral stability characteristic is not considered. At the same time, there are many combinations of main boom and tower boom for a fixed target in the lifting project operation process. So it is also an actual problem to how to determine the combination of booms while considering the structure stability.
In response to these practical problems, the finite element model of All-Terrain with tower boom was established and analyzed. After a good mastery of FEM parametric technology, stability theory, and MATLAB programming technology, the following work was carried out in the paper:
(1) The combinations of booms of All-Terrain crane with tower boom and the principle of working are studied and researched. Adopting APDL technology and advanced modeling theory, the All-Terrain crane with tower boom are parameterized and the finite element model can be established by necessary simplification.
(2) After studying finite element stability theory, the linear and nonlinear analysis was carried out. Based on methods above, integral and split calculation methods are compared in aspect of differences and variation law of critical load. It's concluded that Nonlinear integral calculation method is more reasonable when All-Terrain crane under tower boom's condition is checked whether stable or not.
(3) For the same lifting target problem, the laws of different booms combinations are researched by changing one of many parameters. The main boom and tower boom's length and angle have a great effect on combined booms. This brings about some references for the construction lifting operating.
引文
[1]贾体锋,张艳侠.全地面起重机关健技术发展探析[J].建筑机械,2011(1-2)：54-61.
[2]蔡福海,高顺德,王欣.全地面起重机发展现状及其关健技术探讨[J].工程机械与维修,2006(9).
[3]晟华.徐工“巨无霸”—QAY500全地面起重机[J].筑路机械与施工机械化,2009,26(11).
[4]中国首台千吨级全地面起重机在三一下线[J].建筑机械(上半月),2010(3).
[5]徐工重型1200吨全地面起重机实验成功.[J/OL].中国工程机械信息网,[2012-01-29].http://china.toocle.com/cbna/item/2012-01-30/6615229.html.
[6]张斐朗.浅谈工程机械十二五的发展[J].沿海企业与科技,2011,(4).
[7]李双蓓,刘立国,倪骁慧.结构稳定性研究的现状和新方法的探索[J].广西大学学报(自然科学版),2004(11),29(增刊)：107-111.
[8]Chen, W. F. and Liu, E. M. Structural Stability-Theory and Implementation. Elsevier. New York,1987:4-10.
[9]Simitses, G. J. An Introduction to the Elastic Stability of Structures. Prentice Hall. New Jensey,1976:14-17.
[10]S.C. Fan, D. Y. Zheng. Stability of a cracked Timoshenko beam column by modified Fourier series. Journal of Sound and Vibration.2003.264:475-484.
[ll]Samir Z. Al-Sadder. Exact expressions for stability functions of a general non-prismatic beam-column Member. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2004,60:1561-1584.
[12]姚谏.双轴对称实腹式压弯钢构件截面的等效轴心受压载荷设计法[J].工程建筑,1998,28(1).
[13]郭耀杰,李昆,郭盛待.压弯构件弯扭屈曲相关公式中弯矩附加系数及其影响分析[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2002,35(6).
[14]李昆,郭耀杰.双伸臂钢梁等效计算长度系数确定及稳定设计[J].三峡大学学报(自然科学版),2004,26(5).
[15]赵峰,郭耀杰.附加弯矩对压弯构件弯扭屈曲的影响及其解决[J].工程建设与设计,2004(3).
[16]李昆,郭耀杰.单伸臂钢梁整体稳定分析中等效计算长度系数的确定[J].长春工程学院学报(自然科学版),2004,5(2).
[17]陈骥.钢结构稳定理论与设计(第二版)[M].北京：科学出版社,2003.
[18]童根树.钢结构的平面内稳定[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2005.
[19]童根树.钢结构的平面外稳定[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[20]童根树.钢结构设计方法[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2008.
[21]丁科,陈月顺.有限单元法[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2006.
[22]中华人民共和国国家标准GB3811-83起重机设计规范.北京：中国标准出版社,2006.
[23]凌翔韡,裴峻峰,王鲁豫.JJ225/43-K型石油钻机井架屈曲分析[J].化工机械,2010,37(3).
[24]ZHANG Hongsheng, Lu Nianli. Large Displacement Analysis of Tapered Beam Structures. Journal of Donghua University (Eng. Ed.),2010,27:117-122.
[25]S. C. Fan, D. Y. Zheng. Stability of a cracked Timoshenko beam column by modified Fourier series, Journal of Sound and Vibration.2003.264,:475-484.
[26]楚中毅,陆念力,车仁炜,等.一种梁杆结构稳定性分析的精确有限元法[J].哈尔冰建筑大学学报,2002,35(4),25-28.
[27]陆念力,王佳,兰朋.格构式构件整体稳定性分析的等效惯性矩法[J].建筑机械,2008(08)：79-84.
[28]刘明思,陆念力,孙善利.起重机弹性约束杆挠度影响系数及稳定性计算[J].建筑机械,2000(4)：38-40.
[29]李玉梅.履带起重机塔式臂架的整体稳定性分析方法研究[D].济南：山东大学,2008.
[30]马青.履带起重机臂架有限元简化模型稳定性分析[D].大连：大连理工大学,2008.
[31]张静.履带起重机臂架稳定性研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2009.
[32]王佳.具有主副臂结构的起重机格构式臂架整体稳定性研究[D].哈尔冰：哈尔滨工业大学,2006.
[33]齐从谦.基于参数化技术的CAD创新设计方法研究[J].中国机械工程学报,2003,(14)：681-683.
[34]Alexis Muller, OlivierCaron. On some Properties of Parameterized Model Application [J]. Computer Science.2005,37(48):130-144.
[35]杨秀萍,王鹏林.基于ANSYS APDL语言的零件有限元参数化分析[J].设计与研究,2005(11)：10-11.
[36]苏金明,刘宏,刘波MATLAB高级编程[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2008.
[37]ANSYS 公司. UIDL Programmer's Guide.
[38]张永胜.结构力学[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2006.
[39]范钦珊,蔡新.材料力学[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2006(8)：257-281.
[40]Mercier S, Molinari A. Predictions of bifurcation and instabilities during dynamic extension [J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures,2003, 40(8):1995-2016.
[41]Crisf ield M A. Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Solids and Structures. Advanced Topics, Vol.2 [M]. UK:Wiley,1997.
[42]向天宇,赵人达,刘海波.混凝土结构全过程非线性分析的弧长法研究[J].铁道学报,2002,24(3)：67-70.
[2]蔡福海,高顺德,王欣.全地面起重机发展现状及其关健技术探讨[J].工程机械与维修,2006(9).
[3]晟华.徐工“巨无霸”—QAY500全地面起重机[J].筑路机械与施工机械化,2009,26(11).
[4]中国首台千吨级全地面起重机在三一下线[J].建筑机械(上半月),2010(3).
[5]徐工重型1200吨全地面起重机实验成功.[J/OL].中国工程机械信息网,[2012-01-29].http://china.toocle.com/cbna/item/2012-01-30/6615229.html.
[6]张斐朗.浅谈工程机械十二五的发展[J].沿海企业与科技,2011,(4).
[7]李双蓓,刘立国,倪骁慧.结构稳定性研究的现状和新方法的探索[J].广西大学学报(自然科学版),2004(11),29(增刊)：107-111.
[8]Chen, W. F. and Liu, E. M. Structural Stability-Theory and Implementation. Elsevier. New York,1987:4-10.
[9]Simitses, G. J. An Introduction to the Elastic Stability of Structures. Prentice Hall. New Jensey,1976:14-17.
[10]S.C. Fan, D. Y. Zheng. Stability of a cracked Timoshenko beam column by modified Fourier series. Journal of Sound and Vibration.2003.264:475-484.
[ll]Samir Z. Al-Sadder. Exact expressions for stability functions of a general non-prismatic beam-column Member. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2004,60:1561-1584.
[12]姚谏.双轴对称实腹式压弯钢构件截面的等效轴心受压载荷设计法[J].工程建筑,1998,28(1).
[13]郭耀杰,李昆,郭盛待.压弯构件弯扭屈曲相关公式中弯矩附加系数及其影响分析[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2002,35(6).
[14]李昆,郭耀杰.双伸臂钢梁等效计算长度系数确定及稳定设计[J].三峡大学学报(自然科学版),2004,26(5).
[15]赵峰,郭耀杰.附加弯矩对压弯构件弯扭屈曲的影响及其解决[J].工程建设与设计,2004(3).
[16]李昆,郭耀杰.单伸臂钢梁整体稳定分析中等效计算长度系数的确定[J].长春工程学院学报(自然科学版),2004,5(2).
[17]陈骥.钢结构稳定理论与设计(第二版)[M].北京：科学出版社,2003.
[18]童根树.钢结构的平面内稳定[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2005.
[19]童根树.钢结构的平面外稳定[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[20]童根树.钢结构设计方法[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2008.
[21]丁科,陈月顺.有限单元法[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2006.
[22]中华人民共和国国家标准GB3811-83起重机设计规范.北京：中国标准出版社,2006.
[23]凌翔韡,裴峻峰,王鲁豫.JJ225/43-K型石油钻机井架屈曲分析[J].化工机械,2010,37(3).
[24]ZHANG Hongsheng, Lu Nianli. Large Displacement Analysis of Tapered Beam Structures. Journal of Donghua University (Eng. Ed.),2010,27:117-122.
[25]S. C. Fan, D. Y. Zheng. Stability of a cracked Timoshenko beam column by modified Fourier series, Journal of Sound and Vibration.2003.264,:475-484.
[26]楚中毅,陆念力,车仁炜,等.一种梁杆结构稳定性分析的精确有限元法[J].哈尔冰建筑大学学报,2002,35(4),25-28.
[27]陆念力,王佳,兰朋.格构式构件整体稳定性分析的等效惯性矩法[J].建筑机械,2008(08)：79-84.
[28]刘明思,陆念力,孙善利.起重机弹性约束杆挠度影响系数及稳定性计算[J].建筑机械,2000(4)：38-40.
[29]李玉梅.履带起重机塔式臂架的整体稳定性分析方法研究[D].济南：山东大学,2008.
[30]马青.履带起重机臂架有限元简化模型稳定性分析[D].大连：大连理工大学,2008.
[31]张静.履带起重机臂架稳定性研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2009.
[32]王佳.具有主副臂结构的起重机格构式臂架整体稳定性研究[D].哈尔冰：哈尔滨工业大学,2006.
[33]齐从谦.基于参数化技术的CAD创新设计方法研究[J].中国机械工程学报,2003,(14)：681-683.
[34]Alexis Muller, OlivierCaron. On some Properties of Parameterized Model Application [J]. Computer Science.2005,37(48):130-144.
[35]杨秀萍,王鹏林.基于ANSYS APDL语言的零件有限元参数化分析[J].设计与研究,2005(11)：10-11.
[36]苏金明,刘宏,刘波MATLAB高级编程[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2008.
[37]ANSYS 公司. UIDL Programmer's Guide.
[38]张永胜.结构力学[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2006.
[39]范钦珊,蔡新.材料力学[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2006(8)：257-281.
[40]Mercier S, Molinari A. Predictions of bifurcation and instabilities during dynamic extension [J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures,2003, 40(8):1995-2016.
[41]Crisf ield M A. Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Solids and Structures. Advanced Topics, Vol.2 [M]. UK:Wiley,1997.
[42]向天宇,赵人达,刘海波.混凝土结构全过程非线性分析的弧长法研究[J].铁道学报,2002,24(3)：67-70.