高赞大桥施工控制技术研究
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摘要
斜拉桥以其造型优美、结构新颖、跨越能力出色成为现代桥梁最具竞争力的桥型之一。随着斜拉桥规模的不断增大,斜拉桥的施工监控显得越来越重要。斜拉桥的监控包括线形、应力和索力三方面的内容,具有同等重要性,必须全面控制才能使施工顺利进行,才能达到设计状态。通过建立结构分析模型,选择合适的影响因素,包括结构参数、施工工艺、施工监测方法、温度效应、混凝土弹性模量及其收缩徐变效应等,并通过将理论计算分析的数值结果与实测的数值的比较,找出误差存在的原因后,反馈到下一步施工工作中,进而指导一下阶段施工工作。
本文以广东佛山高赞大桥为工程背景,应用有限元计算软件Midas和桥梁博士建立该斜拉桥的计算模型,模拟实际受荷,对桥梁结构的受力、变形进行仿真计算分析。高赞大桥线形通过建立带有卡尔曼滤波法的最优控制系统,完善的测量系统保证标高测量的精确。从实际控制结果来看,自适应施工控制思路能较好地适应斜拉桥的施工控制,只要能够及时地估计参数的实际值,完全可以做到在施工过程中达到理想控制目标的结果。同时,各个施工阶段的数据表明斜拉索的实际张拉力与理论张拉力全都保持在规范允许10%范围内,索力的控制达到了预期的目标。
通过结构分析、线形控制、应力控制及索力控制,使全桥的线形,应力和索力都得到了良好的控制。本文通过理论计算分析与高赞大桥施工控制的全过程,对该类型的桥梁施工控制作了有益尝试,为以后该类型桥梁的施工控制提供了参考和借鉴。
Cable-stayed bridge has been one of the most competitive modern bridges for its beautiful appearance and novel structure and excellent spanning capacity. With the scale of cable-stayed bridge enlarging continuously, the construction monitor becomes more and more important. Cable's control includes linear, stress and the cable force, and the three aspects are equally important. It needs to full control to make the smooth construction and achieve the design state. Through the establishment of structural analysis model, selecting the appropriate factors which include structural parameters, construction techniques, construction monitoring method, temperature, and the effects of the elastic modulus and shrinkage and creep of concrete, and comparison of the numerical results of theoretical calculation and measured numerical, we can find out the reasons for the error, and the feedback to the next step of construction work to guide us in the construction phase of the work.
This paper is set in Guangdong Foshan GAOZAN Bridge. This bridge apply finite element analysis software including Bridge Dr and Midas to establish the cable-stayed bridge computational model to simulate the actual loading, the force on the bridge structure, and deformation simulation analysis. Through the establishment of the optimal control system alignment with Kalman filtering method and a sound level measurement system, the Linear of GAOZAN Bridge can be measured accurately. From the results of actual control, the thinking of adaptive control can be adjusted to control the bridge's construction. As long as we estimate the actual value of the parameters timely, it is completely possible to achieve the results of desired control objectives in the construction process. Meanwhile, the data of each construction stage shows that the actual cable tensile force and the theories force are all remain within 10% of specification allows, and control of cable tension achieve the desired objectives.
Through structural analysis, linear control, stress control and force control cable, the alignment and cable tension stress of whole bridge have been well controlled. This paper made a good try for this type of bridge construction through the theoretical analysis and control in the whole process of the GAOZAN Bridge construction, and provided a reference for the future control of this type of bridge.
本文以广东佛山高赞大桥为工程背景,应用有限元计算软件Midas和桥梁博士建立该斜拉桥的计算模型,模拟实际受荷,对桥梁结构的受力、变形进行仿真计算分析。高赞大桥线形通过建立带有卡尔曼滤波法的最优控制系统,完善的测量系统保证标高测量的精确。从实际控制结果来看,自适应施工控制思路能较好地适应斜拉桥的施工控制,只要能够及时地估计参数的实际值,完全可以做到在施工过程中达到理想控制目标的结果。同时,各个施工阶段的数据表明斜拉索的实际张拉力与理论张拉力全都保持在规范允许10%范围内,索力的控制达到了预期的目标。
通过结构分析、线形控制、应力控制及索力控制,使全桥的线形,应力和索力都得到了良好的控制。本文通过理论计算分析与高赞大桥施工控制的全过程,对该类型的桥梁施工控制作了有益尝试,为以后该类型桥梁的施工控制提供了参考和借鉴。
Cable-stayed bridge has been one of the most competitive modern bridges for its beautiful appearance and novel structure and excellent spanning capacity. With the scale of cable-stayed bridge enlarging continuously, the construction monitor becomes more and more important. Cable's control includes linear, stress and the cable force, and the three aspects are equally important. It needs to full control to make the smooth construction and achieve the design state. Through the establishment of structural analysis model, selecting the appropriate factors which include structural parameters, construction techniques, construction monitoring method, temperature, and the effects of the elastic modulus and shrinkage and creep of concrete, and comparison of the numerical results of theoretical calculation and measured numerical, we can find out the reasons for the error, and the feedback to the next step of construction work to guide us in the construction phase of the work.
This paper is set in Guangdong Foshan GAOZAN Bridge. This bridge apply finite element analysis software including Bridge Dr and Midas to establish the cable-stayed bridge computational model to simulate the actual loading, the force on the bridge structure, and deformation simulation analysis. Through the establishment of the optimal control system alignment with Kalman filtering method and a sound level measurement system, the Linear of GAOZAN Bridge can be measured accurately. From the results of actual control, the thinking of adaptive control can be adjusted to control the bridge's construction. As long as we estimate the actual value of the parameters timely, it is completely possible to achieve the results of desired control objectives in the construction process. Meanwhile, the data of each construction stage shows that the actual cable tensile force and the theories force are all remain within 10% of specification allows, and control of cable tension achieve the desired objectives.
Through structural analysis, linear control, stress control and force control cable, the alignment and cable tension stress of whole bridge have been well controlled. This paper made a good try for this type of bridge construction through the theoretical analysis and control in the whole process of the GAOZAN Bridge construction, and provided a reference for the future control of this type of bridge.
引文
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[37]张俊平,桥梁检测,北京：人民交通出版社,2002.
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[50]广东省交通厅,虎门大桥——现代桥梁新技术。广东科技出版社,1999.
[51]徐君兰,大跨度桥梁施工控制。北京：人民交通出版社,2000.
[52]向中富,桥梁施工控制技术。北京：人民交通出版社,2001.
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[3]万明坤、程庆国、项海帆,桥梁漫笔,北京：中国铁道出版社,1997.
[4]W.Podolny Jr.&J.B Sealji.Construction and Design of Cable-stayed Bridge.John Wiley &Sons,Inc.,New York.1976
[5]H.G.Tyrrell.History of Bridge Engineering.H.G.Tyrrell,Chicago,1911
[6]E.B.Mock.The Architecture of Bridges.The Museum of Morden Art,New York,1949
[7]刘士林等.斜拉桥.北京：人民交通出版社,2002
[8]项海帆,21世纪世界桥梁的展望,土木工程学报,2000,33(3),1-6.
[9]姚玲森,桥梁工程,北京：人民交通出版社1999,255-259.
[10]韩伯林,世界桥梁发展史,上海：知识出版社,1987.
[11]Daryl L.Logan著、伍义生、吴永礼等译,有限元方法基础教程,北京：电子工业出版社,2003,4-9.
[12]中华人民共和国行业标准,CJJ77-98,城市桥梁设计荷载标准,北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1998-06-09.
[13]朱伯钦、周竞欧、许哲明,结构力学,上海：同济大学出版社,1993,141-187.
[14]范立础,桥梁工程,北京：人民交通出版社,2003.天津大学硕士学位论文
[15]周孟波,斜拉桥手册,北京：人民交通出版社,2004.
[16]楼庄鸿,国内外大跨径桥梁的现状和发展趋势(续二),中南公路，1998，30(4),1-12.
[17]项海帆,世界桥梁发展中的主要技术创新,广西交通科技，2003,28(5),1-7.
[18]中华人民共和国交通部标准,《公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范(JTG D62-2004)》,北京：人民交通出版社.
[19]李国豪,桥梁结构的稳定与振动,北京：中国铁道出版社,2003,335-367.
[20]李国豪,桥梁与结构理论研究,上海：上海科学技术文献出版社,1983.
[21]宋一凡,公路桥梁动力学,北京：人民交通出版社,2000.
[22]张子明、杜成斌、江泉,结构动力学,南京：河海大学,2001.
[23]颜东煌,斜拉桥合理成桥状态确定和施工控制研究,长沙：湖南大学,2001
[24]宁晓骏,李睿,叶燎原等,桥梁自振特性的计算及研究,云南交通科技,2002, 18(2),27-30.
[25]中华人民共和国交通部标准,JTJ021-89,公路桥涵设计通用规范,北京：人民交通出版社,1989-10-01.
[26]中华人民共和国国家标准,GBJ50010-2002,混凝土结构设计规范,北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2002-02-20.
[27]中华人民共和国标准,GBJ50152-92,混凝土结构试验方法标准,北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1992-01-07.
[28]中华人民共和国行业标准《城市桥梁设计准则》,CJJ11-93.
[29]中华人民共和国行业标准《城市桥梁设计荷载标准》,CJJ77-98.
[30]交通部部颁标准《公路桥涵设计规范》(合订本),(1989).
[31]交通部部颁标准《公路工程抗震设计规范》,JTJ004-89.
[32]交通部部颁《公路桥涵施工技术规范》,JTJ041-2000.
[33]中华人民共和国标准《岩土工程勘查规范》,GB50021-2001.
[34]李忠献,工程结构试验理论与技术,天津：天津大学出版社,2004.
[35]章关永,桥梁结构试验,北京：人民交通出版社,2002.
[36]宋一凡,公路桥梁荷载试验与结构评定,北京：人民交通出版社,2002.
[37]张俊平,桥梁检测,北京：人民交通出版社,2002.
[38]胡大琳,桥涵工程试验检测技术,北京：人民交通出版社,2000.
[39]王国鼎,袁海庆,陈开利,桥梁检测与加固,北京：人民交通出版社,2003.
[40]Zhongxian Li,Jiping RU,Proceedings of The Seventh International Symposlum On Structural Engineering for Young Experts.Science Press,2002.
[41]刑静忠,王永岗,陈晓霞,ANSYS7.0分析实例与工程应用,北京：机械工业出版社,2004.参考文献
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[43]徐芝纶,弹性力学：下册。第三版,北京：高等教育出版社,1982.
[44]苏翼林,材料力学,上册。北京：高等教育出版社.
[45]苏翼林,材料力学,下册。北京：高等教育出版社.
[46]B.H.V.Topping and D.J.Robinson,Selecting Non-Linear Optimization Techniques for Structural Design,Eng.Comput.,Sept.1984.
[47]曹发辉、兰宇,斜拉桥施工控制中的温度效应计算,工程结构,2004,2.
[48]项海帆主编,姚玲森主审,高等桥梁结构理论。北京：人民交通出版社,2001.
[49]葛耀君,分段施工桥跨结构的状态估计和工程控制,上海城市建设学院研究报告,1995.
[50]广东省交通厅,虎门大桥——现代桥梁新技术。广东科技出版社,1999.
[51]徐君兰,大跨度桥梁施工控制。北京：人民交通出版社,2000.
[52]向中富,桥梁施工控制技术。北京：人民交通出版社,2001.
[53]李国平,刘键,大跨度连续梁桥线型最优施工控制的理论方法。华东公路,1992年第2期.
[54]王勋成,邵敏,有限单元法基本原理和数值方法(第二版)。北京：清华大学出版社,2001.
[55]常英,大跨钢箱梁斜拉桥施工控制要点分析,公路交通科技,2001(2).
[56]陈刚、任伟新,基于环境振动的斜拉桥拉索基频识别,地震工程与工程振动,2003.6.
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