基于互联网技术的电力系统广域保护通信系统研究
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摘要
我国电力工业正从全国联网、西电东送、超高压、大机组的发展阶段向特高压、智能电网、绿色发电的发展新阶段转变。我国电网在供电可靠性提高的同时,其运行控制难度也在增大。互联电网中一旦出现能够引发电网大面积停电的严重故障,将会对国民经济造成巨大的损失,给社会带来严重的负面影响。高速、准确动作的继电保护和可靠、及时的紧急控制可减小互联电网大停电事故的影响范围,降低由于停电造成的社会经济损失。但国内外多次大面积停电事故的经验教训表明传统继电保护存在的问题有可能威胁到互联电网的安全稳定运行。
广域保护系统的提出为保证互联电网的安全稳定运行提供了重要控制手段。实时可靠的通信是实现广域保护系统的关键环节之一。由于广域保护系统具有系统结构多样、覆盖地域广、布点多、通信过程复杂等特点,电力系统中传统点对点或专线通信方式已不能适应广域保护系统的通信需要。在智能电网快速发展的趋势下,为满足电力系统各种控制信息及其他运行信息运行于同一电力信息专用网络平台的需要,基于互联网标准的电力系统企业内联网将会得到广泛的应用。基于互联网协议的通信技术将为实现广域保护系统通信提供新的技术手段。研究网络通信模式下满足电网保护和控制系统信息传输实时性和可靠性需求的通信技术,对广域保护系统的实现具有重要的理论和现实意义。论文以互联网技术及其在电力系统广域保护系统信息传输中的应用为主要研究内容,重点研究了互联网服务质量保证技术和网络传输层流控传输协议在保证广域保护系统信息传输实时性和可靠性方面存在的问题,以及在EPOCHS平台上构建基于电网标准测试系统的广域保护系统仿真模型的方法。论文的研究成果对互联网通信技术应用于电力系统运行与控制信息的传输以及广域保护系统投入实际应用具有重要意义。
论文首先介绍了广域保护定义和系统结构,分析了广域保护通信需求,并分别对互联网技术在电力系统中的应用研究现状和广域保护通信研究现状进行了介绍,说明了本文所做的主要工作。
为保证电力系统信息综合传输中各种信息业务的服务质量,提出一种改进的最坏情况下公平的加权公平队列(mproved worst-case fair weighted fair queueing plus,IWF2Q+)调度算法。该算法通过在WF2Q+算法的虚拟开始时间和虚拟完成时间计算公式中引入“虚拟延迟时间”,解决了电力系统信息综合传输中由WF2Q+算法导致的推迟传输高优先级信息业务分组的问题。以NS2为工具,建立了基于区分服务体系结构模型的IEEE14母线系统信息综合传输网络仿真模型,运用网络仿真方法定量评估了以IWF2Q+算法实现基于区分服务体系结构模型的电力系统信息综合传输时各类信息业务的实时性和公平性。仿真结果表明IWF2Q+算法降低高优先级信息业务分组延时,同时兼顾综合传输的各类信息业务间的公平性,证明了1WF2Q+算法的有效性和可行性。
电力系统广域控制系统需要可靠实时的信息传输。基于互联网技术的电力系统企业内联网将成为广域保护和控制系统的通信平台。文中对基于区分服务体系结构模型的服务质量保证措施在电力系统企业内联网中的应用进行了研究。利用EPOCHS平台构建了基于IEEE50机改进测试系统的广域频率稳定预测控制及通信系统仿真模型。利用该模型仿真研究了基于互联网技术实现的广域控制系统信息传输的服务质量保证问题。构建了采用集中式结构的主从式广域频率稳定预测控制Agent系统,设计了层次化星环拓扑结构的通信网络仿真模型,在EPOCHS中实现了PSS/E和NS2的联合仿真。仿真结果证实了服务质量保证措施的有效性。
分析比较了IntelliGrid体系结构备选的通信故障恢复技术,指出SCTP是一种能够在传输层提供通信恢复服务的协议,在电力通信系统中有着良好的应用前景。在重点分析SCTP特点的基础上分析比较了SCTP与TCP协议的特性。采用网络仿真的方法研究了网络链路发生故障断开情况下,基于SCTP多宿性路径切换特性的网络级容错机制。针对SCTP原多宿性路径切换方法的不足,提出一和(?)SCTP改进多宿性路径切换方法。仿真验证了该方法在单路由器网络模型和多路由器网络模型中应用的有效性。
论文率先将SCTP应用于广域后备保护通信,以解决电力通信网络与输电线路同时故障时,通过保证信息传输的实时性和可靠性来保证广域后备保护迅速可靠动作的问题。给出一种提高SCTP通信实时性的措施,并将该措施及SCTP改进多宿性路径切换方法应用于广域后备保护信息传输。在EPOCHS上构建了一种用于变电站集中式广域后备保护系统通信方式研究的仿真模型,完成通信网络及SCTP、广域后备保护Agent系统和电网建模工作。仿真验证了所提出的通信方式在广域后备保护信息传输中应用的有效性。
The power industry of China is in the transition from the stage of "interconnection of nationwide power grid, west-east electricity transmission, extra-high voltage power transmission and large power generation units" to the stage of "ultra-high voltage power transmission, smart grid and green energy generation". The reliability of power supply is increased as well as the operation and control for power grids are going harder and harder. Once the grid has a serious failure which can lead to wide spread break out. it will cause huge losses on the national economic and severe negative impacts on the community. The sphere of influence of interconnected power grid blackouts and socio-economic losses caused by blackouts can be controlled by the reliable and rapid relay protection and the emergency control scheme. But the experience of several large area blackouts indicated that problems of traditional protection may cause threats to the safe and stable operation for the interconnected power grid.
The wide area protection system (WAPS) provides the important means of control for ensuring the safe and stable operation for the interconnected power grid. The real-time and reliable communication is the key for WAPS. WAPS has the characteristics include diversified system structure, covering a wide geographical field, lots of monitoring points and complex communication process et al. The traditional point-to-point or the dedicated channel communication in power systems can not meet WAPS's demand for communication. To meet the demand for transmitting various information for power system operation and control on the power information network platform, a Utility Intranet based on Internet technologies will be used widely under the trend of rapid developing of smart grid. Communication technologies based on Internet protocols will be new technology means for the implementation of the WAPS communication. In the thesis Internet protocols based communication technologies will be researched for WAPS's demand for the real-time capability and reliability of the information transmission in power grids. It has theoretical and practical significance for the implementation of WAPS. The main contents of the thesis are about the Internet communication technology and its application in the information transmission for WAPS in power systems. It focus on the Internet quality of service guarantee technology and the network transport layer stream control transport protocol to ensure real-time capability and reliability of information transmission for WAPS and the method for designing the WAPS simulation model based on the standard benchmark system on EPOCHS. It is of great significance for the Internet communication technology can be applied to the information transmission for the operation and control for power systems as well as WAPS is applied into the actual system.
The thesis introduces the definition and the system architecture for wide area protection (WAP) firstly, analyzes WAPS's demand for communication, takes an overview about applications of Internet technologies in power systems and research status for WAPS communication, and illustrates the main works in the thesis.
To guarantee the quality of service of various wide area communication services for integrated information transmission in power systems, an improved worst-case fair weighted fair queueing plus (IWF Q+) scheduling algorithm was proposed. IWF-Q+scheduling algorithm was obtained by introducing virtual delay time in the formulas of virtual start time and virtual finish time of WF2Q+scheduling algorithm. The problem that the packets of high-priority communication services were delayed by WF2Q+scheduling algorithm was solved by IWF2Q+scheduling algorithm. The integrated information transmission network model on IEEE14bus test system was constructed in NS2based on the Differentiated Services (Diffserv) architectural model which was implemented by IWF2Q+scheduling algorithm. Real-time performance and fairness of the communication services in integrated information transmission had been verified by a network simulation. The simulation result shows that IWF2Q+scheduling algorithm is validity and feasibility as the packet delay of high-priority communication services is reduced and the fairness of the traffics is considered.
Electric power wide area control systems (WACS) need reliable real-time information transmission. An Internet Protocol (IP) based private Utility Intranet can form a medium for protection and control system communication. This article discuss differentiated services (DiffServ) for quality of service guarantees in Utility Intranet communication. As a case study, the simulation models of the wide area frequency stability predictive control system (WAFSPCS) and the communication system are created on the electric power and communication synchronizing simulator (EPOCHS). WAFSPCS is implemented on a modified IEEE50-generator test system. It is used to research the quality of service guarantee problem for the WACS information transmission implemented by the Internet protocol. The agent control system for WAFSPC is constructed. It has the centralized master-slave structure. A hierarchical star-ring communication network simulation model is designed. PSS/E is combined the Network Simulator2(NS2) in the EPOCHS simulation environment. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the advocated QoS guarantee scheme.
The optional communication recovery technologies for the IntelliGrid architecture are analyzed and compared. It is known that SCTP is a transport layer protocol which can provide the communications recovery service. SCTP has a good applying prospect in power communication system. The characteristics of SCTP and TCP are compared and analyzed. In the case of network link failure, network-level fault tolerance mechanism based on SCTP multi-homing path switch is simulated. In order to find a way to overcome the drawback of the original SCTP path switching method based on multi-homing, an improved method is proposed. The simulation verifies the validity of the method in the single-router network model and the multi-router network model.
When a communication link and a transmission line fail simultaneously, with consideration of the problem that how to ensure that the faulty transmission line is located and removed quickly and accurately by the wide area backup protection (WABP) through improving real-time capability and reliability for information transmission, the SCTP based communication mode is introduced in the thesis. The measure to improve real-time capability is taken. It is applied to the information transmission for WABP with the improved multi-homing path switching method of SCTP. The simulation model is constructed for the WABP communication mode research. The communication network and protocols, WABP agent system and the power grid are modeled on EPOCHS. The effectiveness of the proposed communication mode, which is used in WABP information transmission, is verified by simulating experiments.
广域保护系统的提出为保证互联电网的安全稳定运行提供了重要控制手段。实时可靠的通信是实现广域保护系统的关键环节之一。由于广域保护系统具有系统结构多样、覆盖地域广、布点多、通信过程复杂等特点,电力系统中传统点对点或专线通信方式已不能适应广域保护系统的通信需要。在智能电网快速发展的趋势下,为满足电力系统各种控制信息及其他运行信息运行于同一电力信息专用网络平台的需要,基于互联网标准的电力系统企业内联网将会得到广泛的应用。基于互联网协议的通信技术将为实现广域保护系统通信提供新的技术手段。研究网络通信模式下满足电网保护和控制系统信息传输实时性和可靠性需求的通信技术,对广域保护系统的实现具有重要的理论和现实意义。论文以互联网技术及其在电力系统广域保护系统信息传输中的应用为主要研究内容,重点研究了互联网服务质量保证技术和网络传输层流控传输协议在保证广域保护系统信息传输实时性和可靠性方面存在的问题,以及在EPOCHS平台上构建基于电网标准测试系统的广域保护系统仿真模型的方法。论文的研究成果对互联网通信技术应用于电力系统运行与控制信息的传输以及广域保护系统投入实际应用具有重要意义。
论文首先介绍了广域保护定义和系统结构,分析了广域保护通信需求,并分别对互联网技术在电力系统中的应用研究现状和广域保护通信研究现状进行了介绍,说明了本文所做的主要工作。
为保证电力系统信息综合传输中各种信息业务的服务质量,提出一种改进的最坏情况下公平的加权公平队列(mproved worst-case fair weighted fair queueing plus,IWF2Q+)调度算法。该算法通过在WF2Q+算法的虚拟开始时间和虚拟完成时间计算公式中引入“虚拟延迟时间”,解决了电力系统信息综合传输中由WF2Q+算法导致的推迟传输高优先级信息业务分组的问题。以NS2为工具,建立了基于区分服务体系结构模型的IEEE14母线系统信息综合传输网络仿真模型,运用网络仿真方法定量评估了以IWF2Q+算法实现基于区分服务体系结构模型的电力系统信息综合传输时各类信息业务的实时性和公平性。仿真结果表明IWF2Q+算法降低高优先级信息业务分组延时,同时兼顾综合传输的各类信息业务间的公平性,证明了1WF2Q+算法的有效性和可行性。
电力系统广域控制系统需要可靠实时的信息传输。基于互联网技术的电力系统企业内联网将成为广域保护和控制系统的通信平台。文中对基于区分服务体系结构模型的服务质量保证措施在电力系统企业内联网中的应用进行了研究。利用EPOCHS平台构建了基于IEEE50机改进测试系统的广域频率稳定预测控制及通信系统仿真模型。利用该模型仿真研究了基于互联网技术实现的广域控制系统信息传输的服务质量保证问题。构建了采用集中式结构的主从式广域频率稳定预测控制Agent系统,设计了层次化星环拓扑结构的通信网络仿真模型,在EPOCHS中实现了PSS/E和NS2的联合仿真。仿真结果证实了服务质量保证措施的有效性。
分析比较了IntelliGrid体系结构备选的通信故障恢复技术,指出SCTP是一种能够在传输层提供通信恢复服务的协议,在电力通信系统中有着良好的应用前景。在重点分析SCTP特点的基础上分析比较了SCTP与TCP协议的特性。采用网络仿真的方法研究了网络链路发生故障断开情况下,基于SCTP多宿性路径切换特性的网络级容错机制。针对SCTP原多宿性路径切换方法的不足,提出一和(?)SCTP改进多宿性路径切换方法。仿真验证了该方法在单路由器网络模型和多路由器网络模型中应用的有效性。
论文率先将SCTP应用于广域后备保护通信,以解决电力通信网络与输电线路同时故障时,通过保证信息传输的实时性和可靠性来保证广域后备保护迅速可靠动作的问题。给出一种提高SCTP通信实时性的措施,并将该措施及SCTP改进多宿性路径切换方法应用于广域后备保护信息传输。在EPOCHS上构建了一种用于变电站集中式广域后备保护系统通信方式研究的仿真模型,完成通信网络及SCTP、广域后备保护Agent系统和电网建模工作。仿真验证了所提出的通信方式在广域后备保护信息传输中应用的有效性。
The power industry of China is in the transition from the stage of "interconnection of nationwide power grid, west-east electricity transmission, extra-high voltage power transmission and large power generation units" to the stage of "ultra-high voltage power transmission, smart grid and green energy generation". The reliability of power supply is increased as well as the operation and control for power grids are going harder and harder. Once the grid has a serious failure which can lead to wide spread break out. it will cause huge losses on the national economic and severe negative impacts on the community. The sphere of influence of interconnected power grid blackouts and socio-economic losses caused by blackouts can be controlled by the reliable and rapid relay protection and the emergency control scheme. But the experience of several large area blackouts indicated that problems of traditional protection may cause threats to the safe and stable operation for the interconnected power grid.
The wide area protection system (WAPS) provides the important means of control for ensuring the safe and stable operation for the interconnected power grid. The real-time and reliable communication is the key for WAPS. WAPS has the characteristics include diversified system structure, covering a wide geographical field, lots of monitoring points and complex communication process et al. The traditional point-to-point or the dedicated channel communication in power systems can not meet WAPS's demand for communication. To meet the demand for transmitting various information for power system operation and control on the power information network platform, a Utility Intranet based on Internet technologies will be used widely under the trend of rapid developing of smart grid. Communication technologies based on Internet protocols will be new technology means for the implementation of the WAPS communication. In the thesis Internet protocols based communication technologies will be researched for WAPS's demand for the real-time capability and reliability of the information transmission in power grids. It has theoretical and practical significance for the implementation of WAPS. The main contents of the thesis are about the Internet communication technology and its application in the information transmission for WAPS in power systems. It focus on the Internet quality of service guarantee technology and the network transport layer stream control transport protocol to ensure real-time capability and reliability of information transmission for WAPS and the method for designing the WAPS simulation model based on the standard benchmark system on EPOCHS. It is of great significance for the Internet communication technology can be applied to the information transmission for the operation and control for power systems as well as WAPS is applied into the actual system.
The thesis introduces the definition and the system architecture for wide area protection (WAP) firstly, analyzes WAPS's demand for communication, takes an overview about applications of Internet technologies in power systems and research status for WAPS communication, and illustrates the main works in the thesis.
To guarantee the quality of service of various wide area communication services for integrated information transmission in power systems, an improved worst-case fair weighted fair queueing plus (IWF Q+) scheduling algorithm was proposed. IWF-Q+scheduling algorithm was obtained by introducing virtual delay time in the formulas of virtual start time and virtual finish time of WF2Q+scheduling algorithm. The problem that the packets of high-priority communication services were delayed by WF2Q+scheduling algorithm was solved by IWF2Q+scheduling algorithm. The integrated information transmission network model on IEEE14bus test system was constructed in NS2based on the Differentiated Services (Diffserv) architectural model which was implemented by IWF2Q+scheduling algorithm. Real-time performance and fairness of the communication services in integrated information transmission had been verified by a network simulation. The simulation result shows that IWF2Q+scheduling algorithm is validity and feasibility as the packet delay of high-priority communication services is reduced and the fairness of the traffics is considered.
Electric power wide area control systems (WACS) need reliable real-time information transmission. An Internet Protocol (IP) based private Utility Intranet can form a medium for protection and control system communication. This article discuss differentiated services (DiffServ) for quality of service guarantees in Utility Intranet communication. As a case study, the simulation models of the wide area frequency stability predictive control system (WAFSPCS) and the communication system are created on the electric power and communication synchronizing simulator (EPOCHS). WAFSPCS is implemented on a modified IEEE50-generator test system. It is used to research the quality of service guarantee problem for the WACS information transmission implemented by the Internet protocol. The agent control system for WAFSPC is constructed. It has the centralized master-slave structure. A hierarchical star-ring communication network simulation model is designed. PSS/E is combined the Network Simulator2(NS2) in the EPOCHS simulation environment. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the advocated QoS guarantee scheme.
The optional communication recovery technologies for the IntelliGrid architecture are analyzed and compared. It is known that SCTP is a transport layer protocol which can provide the communications recovery service. SCTP has a good applying prospect in power communication system. The characteristics of SCTP and TCP are compared and analyzed. In the case of network link failure, network-level fault tolerance mechanism based on SCTP multi-homing path switch is simulated. In order to find a way to overcome the drawback of the original SCTP path switching method based on multi-homing, an improved method is proposed. The simulation verifies the validity of the method in the single-router network model and the multi-router network model.
When a communication link and a transmission line fail simultaneously, with consideration of the problem that how to ensure that the faulty transmission line is located and removed quickly and accurately by the wide area backup protection (WABP) through improving real-time capability and reliability for information transmission, the SCTP based communication mode is introduced in the thesis. The measure to improve real-time capability is taken. It is applied to the information transmission for WABP with the improved multi-homing path switching method of SCTP. The simulation model is constructed for the WABP communication mode research. The communication network and protocols, WABP agent system and the power grid are modeled on EPOCHS. The effectiveness of the proposed communication mode, which is used in WABP information transmission, is verified by simulating experiments.
引文
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