大豆生育期的遗传变异、QTL定位和关联分析
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摘要
大豆是典型的光温反应敏感作物,需培育多种类型的大豆品种以适应不同生态环境。中国作为栽培大豆的起源地,具有丰富的大豆种质资源。研究、鉴定和筛选优异的大豆种质资源,可以为大豆新品种培育提供基础材料。在前人对大豆的光温反应研究的基础上,进一步探讨大豆光温反应的衡量指标,筛选光温钝感材料,研究生育期性状的遗传机制,发掘特异等位变异,对广适应性大豆品种的培育具有重要的理论与实践意义。本研究进行了大豆光温反应的遗传变异研究、生育期性状的QTL定位和关联分析,主要研究结果如下：
1.大豆光温反应的遗传变异研究选用来自中国六个生态区的388份地方品种和361份育成品种以及73份国外引进品种,采用分期播种,以不同播期下生育期天数间的变异系数(即光温反应值)作为衡量参试大豆资源光温反应的指标,进行大豆光温反应遗传变异的分析和钝感资源筛选。参试的国内外大豆品种资源的生育前期、生育后期和全生育期的光温反应均存在很大变异,光温反应值的变异范围分别为4.71%～52.81%、3.44%～44.56%和1.99%～37.54%。参试的三种资源类型中,我国育成品种和国外引进品种生育前期的光温反应值集中在8%～28%之间,分别占参试品种的91%和90%,我国地方品种生育前期的光温反应值主要集中在16%～48%之间,占参试品种的95%。以参试品种总数的5%为基准,从822份参试材料中遴选出生育前期、生育后期和全生育期光温反应钝感材料各41份。遴选到的生育前期光温钝感材料和全生育期光温钝感材料中,我国地方品种和育成品种主要来源于生态Ⅰ区和Ⅱ区。遴选到的生育后期光温钝感材料中,我国育成品种主要来源于生态Ⅰ区和Ⅱ区,而地方品种则在六个生态区中均有分布。
2.生育期性状的QTL定位利用NJRIKY和NJRIWT两个重组系群体及其亲本为材料,应用WinQTL Cartographer Version2.5软件的复合区间作图法(CIM)对大豆生育期性状进行QTL定位。
(1)NJRIKY群体的定位
不同播期条件下生育期基本性状的定位4个播期条件下检测到的与生育期基本性状相关的QTL共11个,累计25位点(次),涉及LG A2、LG B1、LG C2、LG D1b、 LG F2、LG M和LGO7个连锁群。在4个播期条件下均检测到的主效QTL有两个,分别为qFD-O-1和qMD-O-1,且两者属于同一位点。位点qFD-O-1在4个播期中的贡献率分别为22.51%、21.37%、25.29%和13.44%,位点qMD-O-1在4个播期中的贡献率分别为24.19%、20.37%、22.15%和7.04%。位于LGM上的全生育期位点qMD-M-1在一期、二期和三期中均检测到,贡献率分别为12.26%、19.04%和9.90%。
不同生育时期光温反应值的定位在NJRIKY群体中,3个生育时期检测到的与光温反应值相关的QTL位点共8个,涉及LG B1、LG C1、LG C2、LG D1b和LG O5个连锁群,贡献率的变幅为6.44%-22.31%。其中在连锁群O上的标记区间Satt331-GMKF082b内,检测到,一个在生育前期和全生育期均表达的QTL位点。
(2) NJRIWT群体的定位
不同播期条件下生育期基本性状的定位NJRIWT群体的定位结果显示,2年6个播期总计检测到7个与生育期性状相关的QTLs,累计21位点(次),涉及LG A2、 LG B11、LG D2、LG H、LG J、LG O6个连锁群。在春、夏和秋3个播季条件下均检测到的位点有3个,分别为2006年检测到的QTL位点qFD-O-1和qMD-O-1及2007年检测到的QTL位点qMD-D2-1。其中位点qFD-O-1和qMD-O-1属于同一位点。两年均检测到的位点有3个,分别为qFD-O-1、qMD-O-1和qMD-D2-1,且3个位点均是在春播条件下检测到的。
不同生育时期光温反应值的定位在NJRIWT群体中,3个生育时期两年共检测到7个与光温反应值相关的QTLs位点,涉及LG A2、LG B11、LG D2、LG F和LG O5个连锁群,贡献率的变幅为6.57%-16.65%。其中,位点qVRPT_MD-D2-1在两年中均被检测到,2006和2007年的贡献率分别为6.57%和9.98%。
3.生育期性状的关联分析选用来自中国的275份地方品种为材料,利用从大豆20个连锁群上筛选到的118个SSR标记,通过Structure软件进行群体结构分析,采用TASSEL软件进行生育期性状与SSR标记之间的关联分析。群体结构分析结果显示,275份中国地方大豆品种群体可分为5个亚群。生育期性状与SSR标记之间的关联分析结果显示,检测到与生育期性状显著关联的(p<0.01)的SSR位点40个,累计182位点(次)。其中,2006年和2007年均检测到的与生育期性状相关联的位点19个,累计108位点(次)。对两年中均检测到的位点进一步分析,结果如下：
(1)不同播季条件下与生育期基本性状关联的SSR标记
两年中均检测到的与生育期基本性状相关联的位点有19个,累计96位点(次)。
春、夏、秋播均被检测到的与生育前期相关联的标记位点有5个,分别为Satt335(LG F)、Satt150(LG M)、BE806308(LG B1)、Satt440(LG I)和Satt445(LG O),与全生育期相关联的标记位点有4个,分别为Satt335(LG F)、Satt307(LG C2)、 Satt387(LG N)和Sat_174(LG I)。
春播条件下特有的位点有1个,为Satt308(LG M)。夏播条件下特有的位点有2个,分别为Satt307(LG C2)和Satt387(LG M)。秋播条件下所特有的位点有3个,分别为Satt216(LG D1b)、Satt489(LG C2)和Satt102(LG K)。两年中均检测到的与全生育期关联的位点中,春播条件下所特有的位点有2个,分别为Satt496(LGI)和Satt434(LGH)。秋播条件下所特有的位点有3个分别为Satt286(LG C2)、Satt445(LG O)和Sat_312(LG C2).
在春季、夏季和秋季3个播季条件下,均检测到的与生育前期关联的位点_等位变异有2个,分别为Satt335_159和BE806308_256。均检测到与全生育期关联的位点等位变异为Satt335_159。
(2)不同生育时期与光温反应值关联的SSR标记
两年中均检测到的与光温反应值相关联的位点有5个,累计12位点(次)。其中,与生育前期光温反应值关联的位点有3个,为Satt150(LGM)、Satt308(LG M)和Satt440(LG I);与生育后期光温反应值关联的位点仅有1个,为Satt440(LG I);与全生育期光温反应值关联的位点有2个,为AW310961(LG J)和Satt307(LG C2)。
进一步分析两年均检测到的特异位点的等位变异,获得一批不同生育时期光温反应钝(敏)感的优异等位变异以及相应的载体材料,为大豆的光温反应研究提供了丰富的遗传信息和基础材料。
Soybean is one of the crops that sensitive to photoperiod and temperature. Thus, various soybean varieties are needed to adapt different environment. China, the origin of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], has diverse soybean germplasm resources to screen elite soybean germplasm for soybean cultivation. So far, a lot of studies on soybean response to photoperiod and temperature have been done, but more in-depth researches are still of theoretical and practical significance on the elite germplasm selection of lower sensitive to photoperiod and temperature and genetic mechanism of growth period. In this study, we have done three aspects works:(1) the elite germplasm identification and screening of lower sensitive to photoperiod and temperature,(2) QTL mapping of growth period traits, and (3) association analysis of growth period traits. The main results are as follows:
1. A total of822accessions, including388landraces,361released cultivars from various ecological regions in China, and88released cultivars from abroad were tested in this study to characterize the genetic variability and screen lower sensitive resources of soybean to photoperiod and temperature. These accessions were sown in three dates in two years respectively. The result showed that there existed large variation of the value of soybean response to photoperiod and temperature (VRPT) among the tested accessions on their days to flowering (FD), days from flowering to maturity (FMD), days to maturity (MD). The variation range of VRPT of FD, FMD and MD was4.71%-52.81%,3.44%-44.56%and1.99%-37.54%, respectively in the tested accessions. There was91%released cultivars from China and abroad with the VRPT between8-28%and90%landraces from China with the VRPT between16%-48%. In this study,41elite accessions, of FD, FMD and MD respectively, were identified as lower sensitive response accessions to photoperiod and temperature by5%of822accessions. The elite released cultivars from China of FD, FMD, and MD were concentrated in the ecological regions Ⅰ and Ⅱ. The elite landraces of FD and MD concentrated in the ecological regions Ⅰ and Ⅱ, while the elite landraces of FMD distributed in all of the ecological regions. And all the elite accessions were of early flowering or maturity.
2. Two RIL population, NJRIKY and NJRIWT, were used in the QTL mapping of growth period traits. The QTLs of growth period traits were mapped under composite interval mapping (CIM) procedure of the software Cartographer V.2.5according to Wang et al.(2005).
The result of QTLs mapping in NJRIKY population showed that25loci of growth period traits were identified in7linkage group, LG A2, LG B1, LG C2, LG D1b, LG F2, LG M and LG O. Three QTLs were identified in more than three dates. The first was the QTL of qFD-O-1, which was identified in all the sowing dates, explained22.51%,21.37%,25.29%and13.44%of the phenotypic variation in the first, second, third and fourth sowing date respectively. The second was the QTL of qMD-M-1, which was identified in three sowing dates, explained12.26%,19.04%and9.9%of the phenotypic variation in the first, second and third sowing date respectively. The third was QTL of qMD-O-1, which was identified in all the sowing dates, explained24.19%,20.37%,22.15%and7.04%of the phenotypic variation in the first, second, third and fourth sowing date respectively. And two of the three QTLs, qFD-O-1and qMD-O-1, were with the same locus.
The result of QTLs mapping in NJRIKY population also showed that8loci of VRPT were identified in5linkage group, LG B1, LG C2, LG C2, LG D1b and LG O. The variation range of loci explained was6.44%～22.31%. And the QTL identified between Satt331-GMKF082b was associated with FMD, as well as MD.
The result of QTLs mapping in NJRIWT population showed that21loci of growth period traits were identified in6linkage group, LG A2, LG B11, LG D2, LG H, LG J and LG O. The QTL of qFD-O-2, which was identified in four sowing dates, explained27.17%,14.43%,32.33%and24.24%of the phenotypic variation in spring sowing date in2006, in summer sowing date in2006, in autumn sowing date in2006, and in spring sowing date in2007respectively. The QTL of qMD-O-2was identified in three sowing dates with a variation range of7.84%～10.72%of phenotypic variation. And the position of qFD-O-2and qMD-O-2showed that the two QTLs were on the same locus on LG O.
The result of QTLs mapping in NJRIWT population also showed that7loci of VRPT were identified in5linkage group, LG A2, LG B11, LG D2, LG F and LG O. The variation range of loci explained was6.57%～16.65%. And the position of qVRPT_MD-D2-1was identified in both2006and2007, explained6.57%and9.88%respectively.
3. Based on linkage disequilibrium of pairwise loci and population structure analysis by STRUCTURE software, the genotyping data of118simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers with phenotypic data of growth period traits were used in association analysis by using TASSEL software. The result of association analysis showed that32loci were identified (p<0.01) in two years, among which21loci were identified in both years. And five markers associated with days to flowering, Satt335(F), Satt150(M), BE806308(B1), Satt440(I), Satt445(O), were identified in all the sowing dates, spring sowing date, summer sowing date and autumn sowing date. Moreover, four markers associated with days to maturity, Satt335(F), Satt307(C2), Satt387(N), Sat_174(I), were identified in all the sowing dates. Among the identified markers, the marker of Satt335(F) was the only one that was identified both associated with days to flowering and days to maturity in all the sowing dates. It is noteworthy that the positive effect of the Locus_Allele of Satt335_159associated with all the three growth period traits ranked first or second in all the Locus_Allele.
The result of association analysis about VRPT showed that five loci associated with VRPT were identified (p<0.01) in two years. Among which three markers, Satt150(LG M)、Satt308(LG M)and Satt440(LG I), were associated with VRPT_FD. One marker, Satt440(LG I),was associated with VRPT_FMD. And two markers, AW310961(LG J) and Satt307(LG C2), were associated with VRPT_MD. A number of elite locus_allele and materials were obtained by further analysis. These elite locus_allele and materials attributed to the study of response to photoperiod and tempratrue of soybean.
1.大豆光温反应的遗传变异研究选用来自中国六个生态区的388份地方品种和361份育成品种以及73份国外引进品种,采用分期播种,以不同播期下生育期天数间的变异系数(即光温反应值)作为衡量参试大豆资源光温反应的指标,进行大豆光温反应遗传变异的分析和钝感资源筛选。参试的国内外大豆品种资源的生育前期、生育后期和全生育期的光温反应均存在很大变异,光温反应值的变异范围分别为4.71%～52.81%、3.44%～44.56%和1.99%～37.54%。参试的三种资源类型中,我国育成品种和国外引进品种生育前期的光温反应值集中在8%～28%之间,分别占参试品种的91%和90%,我国地方品种生育前期的光温反应值主要集中在16%～48%之间,占参试品种的95%。以参试品种总数的5%为基准,从822份参试材料中遴选出生育前期、生育后期和全生育期光温反应钝感材料各41份。遴选到的生育前期光温钝感材料和全生育期光温钝感材料中,我国地方品种和育成品种主要来源于生态Ⅰ区和Ⅱ区。遴选到的生育后期光温钝感材料中,我国育成品种主要来源于生态Ⅰ区和Ⅱ区,而地方品种则在六个生态区中均有分布。
2.生育期性状的QTL定位利用NJRIKY和NJRIWT两个重组系群体及其亲本为材料,应用WinQTL Cartographer Version2.5软件的复合区间作图法(CIM)对大豆生育期性状进行QTL定位。
(1)NJRIKY群体的定位
不同播期条件下生育期基本性状的定位4个播期条件下检测到的与生育期基本性状相关的QTL共11个,累计25位点(次),涉及LG A2、LG B1、LG C2、LG D1b、 LG F2、LG M和LGO7个连锁群。在4个播期条件下均检测到的主效QTL有两个,分别为qFD-O-1和qMD-O-1,且两者属于同一位点。位点qFD-O-1在4个播期中的贡献率分别为22.51%、21.37%、25.29%和13.44%,位点qMD-O-1在4个播期中的贡献率分别为24.19%、20.37%、22.15%和7.04%。位于LGM上的全生育期位点qMD-M-1在一期、二期和三期中均检测到,贡献率分别为12.26%、19.04%和9.90%。
不同生育时期光温反应值的定位在NJRIKY群体中,3个生育时期检测到的与光温反应值相关的QTL位点共8个,涉及LG B1、LG C1、LG C2、LG D1b和LG O5个连锁群,贡献率的变幅为6.44%-22.31%。其中在连锁群O上的标记区间Satt331-GMKF082b内,检测到,一个在生育前期和全生育期均表达的QTL位点。
(2) NJRIWT群体的定位
不同播期条件下生育期基本性状的定位NJRIWT群体的定位结果显示,2年6个播期总计检测到7个与生育期性状相关的QTLs,累计21位点(次),涉及LG A2、 LG B11、LG D2、LG H、LG J、LG O6个连锁群。在春、夏和秋3个播季条件下均检测到的位点有3个,分别为2006年检测到的QTL位点qFD-O-1和qMD-O-1及2007年检测到的QTL位点qMD-D2-1。其中位点qFD-O-1和qMD-O-1属于同一位点。两年均检测到的位点有3个,分别为qFD-O-1、qMD-O-1和qMD-D2-1,且3个位点均是在春播条件下检测到的。
不同生育时期光温反应值的定位在NJRIWT群体中,3个生育时期两年共检测到7个与光温反应值相关的QTLs位点,涉及LG A2、LG B11、LG D2、LG F和LG O5个连锁群,贡献率的变幅为6.57%-16.65%。其中,位点qVRPT_MD-D2-1在两年中均被检测到,2006和2007年的贡献率分别为6.57%和9.98%。
3.生育期性状的关联分析选用来自中国的275份地方品种为材料,利用从大豆20个连锁群上筛选到的118个SSR标记,通过Structure软件进行群体结构分析,采用TASSEL软件进行生育期性状与SSR标记之间的关联分析。群体结构分析结果显示,275份中国地方大豆品种群体可分为5个亚群。生育期性状与SSR标记之间的关联分析结果显示,检测到与生育期性状显著关联的(p<0.01)的SSR位点40个,累计182位点(次)。其中,2006年和2007年均检测到的与生育期性状相关联的位点19个,累计108位点(次)。对两年中均检测到的位点进一步分析,结果如下：
(1)不同播季条件下与生育期基本性状关联的SSR标记
两年中均检测到的与生育期基本性状相关联的位点有19个,累计96位点(次)。
春、夏、秋播均被检测到的与生育前期相关联的标记位点有5个,分别为Satt335(LG F)、Satt150(LG M)、BE806308(LG B1)、Satt440(LG I)和Satt445(LG O),与全生育期相关联的标记位点有4个,分别为Satt335(LG F)、Satt307(LG C2)、 Satt387(LG N)和Sat_174(LG I)。
春播条件下特有的位点有1个,为Satt308(LG M)。夏播条件下特有的位点有2个,分别为Satt307(LG C2)和Satt387(LG M)。秋播条件下所特有的位点有3个,分别为Satt216(LG D1b)、Satt489(LG C2)和Satt102(LG K)。两年中均检测到的与全生育期关联的位点中,春播条件下所特有的位点有2个,分别为Satt496(LGI)和Satt434(LGH)。秋播条件下所特有的位点有3个分别为Satt286(LG C2)、Satt445(LG O)和Sat_312(LG C2).
在春季、夏季和秋季3个播季条件下,均检测到的与生育前期关联的位点_等位变异有2个,分别为Satt335_159和BE806308_256。均检测到与全生育期关联的位点等位变异为Satt335_159。
(2)不同生育时期与光温反应值关联的SSR标记
两年中均检测到的与光温反应值相关联的位点有5个,累计12位点(次)。其中,与生育前期光温反应值关联的位点有3个,为Satt150(LGM)、Satt308(LG M)和Satt440(LG I);与生育后期光温反应值关联的位点仅有1个,为Satt440(LG I);与全生育期光温反应值关联的位点有2个,为AW310961(LG J)和Satt307(LG C2)。
进一步分析两年均检测到的特异位点的等位变异,获得一批不同生育时期光温反应钝(敏)感的优异等位变异以及相应的载体材料,为大豆的光温反应研究提供了丰富的遗传信息和基础材料。
Soybean is one of the crops that sensitive to photoperiod and temperature. Thus, various soybean varieties are needed to adapt different environment. China, the origin of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], has diverse soybean germplasm resources to screen elite soybean germplasm for soybean cultivation. So far, a lot of studies on soybean response to photoperiod and temperature have been done, but more in-depth researches are still of theoretical and practical significance on the elite germplasm selection of lower sensitive to photoperiod and temperature and genetic mechanism of growth period. In this study, we have done three aspects works:(1) the elite germplasm identification and screening of lower sensitive to photoperiod and temperature,(2) QTL mapping of growth period traits, and (3) association analysis of growth period traits. The main results are as follows:
1. A total of822accessions, including388landraces,361released cultivars from various ecological regions in China, and88released cultivars from abroad were tested in this study to characterize the genetic variability and screen lower sensitive resources of soybean to photoperiod and temperature. These accessions were sown in three dates in two years respectively. The result showed that there existed large variation of the value of soybean response to photoperiod and temperature (VRPT) among the tested accessions on their days to flowering (FD), days from flowering to maturity (FMD), days to maturity (MD). The variation range of VRPT of FD, FMD and MD was4.71%-52.81%,3.44%-44.56%and1.99%-37.54%, respectively in the tested accessions. There was91%released cultivars from China and abroad with the VRPT between8-28%and90%landraces from China with the VRPT between16%-48%. In this study,41elite accessions, of FD, FMD and MD respectively, were identified as lower sensitive response accessions to photoperiod and temperature by5%of822accessions. The elite released cultivars from China of FD, FMD, and MD were concentrated in the ecological regions Ⅰ and Ⅱ. The elite landraces of FD and MD concentrated in the ecological regions Ⅰ and Ⅱ, while the elite landraces of FMD distributed in all of the ecological regions. And all the elite accessions were of early flowering or maturity.
2. Two RIL population, NJRIKY and NJRIWT, were used in the QTL mapping of growth period traits. The QTLs of growth period traits were mapped under composite interval mapping (CIM) procedure of the software Cartographer V.2.5according to Wang et al.(2005).
The result of QTLs mapping in NJRIKY population showed that25loci of growth period traits were identified in7linkage group, LG A2, LG B1, LG C2, LG D1b, LG F2, LG M and LG O. Three QTLs were identified in more than three dates. The first was the QTL of qFD-O-1, which was identified in all the sowing dates, explained22.51%,21.37%,25.29%and13.44%of the phenotypic variation in the first, second, third and fourth sowing date respectively. The second was the QTL of qMD-M-1, which was identified in three sowing dates, explained12.26%,19.04%and9.9%of the phenotypic variation in the first, second and third sowing date respectively. The third was QTL of qMD-O-1, which was identified in all the sowing dates, explained24.19%,20.37%,22.15%and7.04%of the phenotypic variation in the first, second, third and fourth sowing date respectively. And two of the three QTLs, qFD-O-1and qMD-O-1, were with the same locus.
The result of QTLs mapping in NJRIKY population also showed that8loci of VRPT were identified in5linkage group, LG B1, LG C2, LG C2, LG D1b and LG O. The variation range of loci explained was6.44%～22.31%. And the QTL identified between Satt331-GMKF082b was associated with FMD, as well as MD.
The result of QTLs mapping in NJRIWT population showed that21loci of growth period traits were identified in6linkage group, LG A2, LG B11, LG D2, LG H, LG J and LG O. The QTL of qFD-O-2, which was identified in four sowing dates, explained27.17%,14.43%,32.33%and24.24%of the phenotypic variation in spring sowing date in2006, in summer sowing date in2006, in autumn sowing date in2006, and in spring sowing date in2007respectively. The QTL of qMD-O-2was identified in three sowing dates with a variation range of7.84%～10.72%of phenotypic variation. And the position of qFD-O-2and qMD-O-2showed that the two QTLs were on the same locus on LG O.
The result of QTLs mapping in NJRIWT population also showed that7loci of VRPT were identified in5linkage group, LG A2, LG B11, LG D2, LG F and LG O. The variation range of loci explained was6.57%～16.65%. And the position of qVRPT_MD-D2-1was identified in both2006and2007, explained6.57%and9.88%respectively.
3. Based on linkage disequilibrium of pairwise loci and population structure analysis by STRUCTURE software, the genotyping data of118simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers with phenotypic data of growth period traits were used in association analysis by using TASSEL software. The result of association analysis showed that32loci were identified (p<0.01) in two years, among which21loci were identified in both years. And five markers associated with days to flowering, Satt335(F), Satt150(M), BE806308(B1), Satt440(I), Satt445(O), were identified in all the sowing dates, spring sowing date, summer sowing date and autumn sowing date. Moreover, four markers associated with days to maturity, Satt335(F), Satt307(C2), Satt387(N), Sat_174(I), were identified in all the sowing dates. Among the identified markers, the marker of Satt335(F) was the only one that was identified both associated with days to flowering and days to maturity in all the sowing dates. It is noteworthy that the positive effect of the Locus_Allele of Satt335_159associated with all the three growth period traits ranked first or second in all the Locus_Allele.
The result of association analysis about VRPT showed that five loci associated with VRPT were identified (p<0.01) in two years. Among which three markers, Satt150(LG M)、Satt308(LG M)and Satt440(LG I), were associated with VRPT_FD. One marker, Satt440(LG I),was associated with VRPT_FMD. And two markers, AW310961(LG J) and Satt307(LG C2), were associated with VRPT_MD. A number of elite locus_allele and materials were obtained by further analysis. These elite locus_allele and materials attributed to the study of response to photoperiod and tempratrue of soybean.
引文
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