基于大规模定制的厨柜产品族设计技术研究
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摘要
随着市场经济的发展，人民物质生活水平的提高，人们对各种生活必需品提出了更高的要求，满足个性化需求成为了当前各行各业共同面对问题。厨柜研发研制是一项系统性的复杂工程，为了提高其对市场的反映速度，满足人们个性化的需求，必须改变当前作业模式，采用规模化生产方式，充分发挥企业ERP管理平台，实现资源共享，经验共享。面向用户需求的厨柜产品族设计与制造是未来厨柜制造业发展的必然趋势。因此，结合国家863项目《木竹制品模数化定制敏捷制造技术》（2010AA101705），针对国内厨柜行业的具体情况，对面向用户需求，实现厨柜产品族设计所涉及的若干关键技术与理论进行了研究、研发和攻关，并取得了如下研究成果：
（1）提出厨柜产品族数字化设计系统的工作流程和实现方法
在分析和量化用户需求的基础上，研究并建立了厨柜产品族定制设计与配置体系结构，同时对实现厨柜产品族设计所涉及的设计调研、提取用户需求属性、转化用户需求信息为研发信息、构建直接面向用户需求的配置设计等一系列的关键问题做了讨论研究，最终构建了基于数字化的厨柜产品族设计系统工作流程和工作方法。
（2）提出厨柜的设计调研工作方法
基于设计心理学和用户体验设计理论，提出了厨柜的设计调研工作方法。采用上门访谈用户、拍摄视频、发放问卷等多种方法调研用户厨柜操作过程，构建厨柜使用任务模型和思维模型；充分考虑专家用户、一般用户对厨柜产品不同的需求，从用户生活形态、厨房现状等不同角度制作网络厨柜设计调研问卷，得到问卷数据分布结果，为后续提取用户需求属性打下基础。
（3）构建厨柜产品族的用户需求模板
以厨柜产品设计调研为基础，搭建直接收集用户需求的实时需求平台，规范化用户需求信息转化；同时利用层次分析法，优化质量功能配置结构，成功实现用户需求信息向系统研发设计参数转化，并利用VB编程语言设计研发了用户需求信息转化模块对信息转化平台进行验证。
（4）实现厨柜用户群细分
在清晰定义厨柜产品族的基础上，提出了一套构建厨柜产品族的有效手段；同时综合利用系统聚类分析方法和联合分析方法，对厨柜产品的用户群体做了细分，在此基础上提出了直接面向用户群体的厨柜产品族规划方法，并采用相关模型和实例对其进行验证分析，判别其正确性。
（5）构建基于厨柜产品配置的厨柜设计理论框架
本文以产品族设计理论体系为指导，结合厨柜产品行业自身的特点，采用相关模型，成功构建了用户信息转化配置平台，提出了合理有效的建厨柜产品族的设计方法和设计流程。
In order to improve the responsiveness of the enterprises for the market, mass customizationmust be adopted for the great systematic research on cupboard to provide personalized service forusers, thus giving full play to the advantages of enterprise information resources as well as sharingthe resources and experience of cupboard development. Designing and manufacturing productswhich can satisfy the users’ requirement will definitely represent the development trend ofcupboard in the future, therefore, combined with the “agile manufacturing technology of woodand bamboo products modulus customization” of863project, against the current circumstances ofthe domestic cupboard industry coupled with the users’ demand, key technologies and theoriesinvolved in the product family design are studied, developed and tackled, with the results shownas follows.
(1) The workflow and implementation of digital design system of cupboard product familyare proposed
On the basis of analyzing and quantifying users’ demand, we study and establish customdesign of cupboard and its configuration architecture. Meanwhile, quite a few steps includingmaking survey, extracting attribute of users’ demand, transforming the information of users’demand and studying the configuration skills, etc, are carried out. Finally, the workflow andimplementation of its digital design system are proposed.
(2) The research methods of cupboard are presented
Based on the psychology and design theory of users’ experience, the research methods ofcupboard are presented, including, home interviews with users, shooting video, questionnaires andso on, which can be used to study the operation process of users on the cupboard and build thetask models and mental models of cupboard； taking full account of the different demands ofexpert users, experienced users, ordinary users, the questionnaires should be designed from theperspective of lifestyle, the status of kitchen, etc, and then the data distribution results should beanalyzed, which can lay a foundation for the subsequent step---extracting the attribute of users’demand.
(3)The dynamic users’ demand template is build
Based on the basic architecture of users’ static demand for cupboard products, the dynamicusers’ demand template is build to achieve the standard description on the users’ demand； theimproved method of quality function deployment and analytic hierarchy process realizes thetransformation from the initial demand to the configuration and design parameters, which has been verified using specific cases. A functional unit for quality function deployment is developedwith VB software.
(4) The subdivision of cupboard users is achieved
The definition of the cupboard family is presented, coupled with its constructing method；the conjoint analysis and hierarchical clustering methods are employed to achieve the subdivisionof cupboard users. A kind of user-oriented planning method for cupboard product family isestablished in this paper, which then gets validated and analyzed.
(5) The theory framework of cupboard design is built based on the configuration of thecupboard products
Combined with cupboard design features, the theory framework of cupboard design is builtbased on the configuration of the cupboard products； configuration methods of cupboardproducts and related algorithms are provided based on case reasoning； the framework ofevaluation index system for configuration results is established, and related methods evaluatingthe configuration results are proposed.
（1）提出厨柜产品族数字化设计系统的工作流程和实现方法
在分析和量化用户需求的基础上，研究并建立了厨柜产品族定制设计与配置体系结构，同时对实现厨柜产品族设计所涉及的设计调研、提取用户需求属性、转化用户需求信息为研发信息、构建直接面向用户需求的配置设计等一系列的关键问题做了讨论研究，最终构建了基于数字化的厨柜产品族设计系统工作流程和工作方法。
（2）提出厨柜的设计调研工作方法
基于设计心理学和用户体验设计理论，提出了厨柜的设计调研工作方法。采用上门访谈用户、拍摄视频、发放问卷等多种方法调研用户厨柜操作过程，构建厨柜使用任务模型和思维模型；充分考虑专家用户、一般用户对厨柜产品不同的需求，从用户生活形态、厨房现状等不同角度制作网络厨柜设计调研问卷，得到问卷数据分布结果，为后续提取用户需求属性打下基础。
（3）构建厨柜产品族的用户需求模板
以厨柜产品设计调研为基础，搭建直接收集用户需求的实时需求平台，规范化用户需求信息转化；同时利用层次分析法，优化质量功能配置结构，成功实现用户需求信息向系统研发设计参数转化，并利用VB编程语言设计研发了用户需求信息转化模块对信息转化平台进行验证。
（4）实现厨柜用户群细分
在清晰定义厨柜产品族的基础上，提出了一套构建厨柜产品族的有效手段；同时综合利用系统聚类分析方法和联合分析方法，对厨柜产品的用户群体做了细分，在此基础上提出了直接面向用户群体的厨柜产品族规划方法，并采用相关模型和实例对其进行验证分析，判别其正确性。
（5）构建基于厨柜产品配置的厨柜设计理论框架
本文以产品族设计理论体系为指导，结合厨柜产品行业自身的特点，采用相关模型，成功构建了用户信息转化配置平台，提出了合理有效的建厨柜产品族的设计方法和设计流程。
In order to improve the responsiveness of the enterprises for the market, mass customizationmust be adopted for the great systematic research on cupboard to provide personalized service forusers, thus giving full play to the advantages of enterprise information resources as well as sharingthe resources and experience of cupboard development. Designing and manufacturing productswhich can satisfy the users’ requirement will definitely represent the development trend ofcupboard in the future, therefore, combined with the “agile manufacturing technology of woodand bamboo products modulus customization” of863project, against the current circumstances ofthe domestic cupboard industry coupled with the users’ demand, key technologies and theoriesinvolved in the product family design are studied, developed and tackled, with the results shownas follows.
(1) The workflow and implementation of digital design system of cupboard product familyare proposed
On the basis of analyzing and quantifying users’ demand, we study and establish customdesign of cupboard and its configuration architecture. Meanwhile, quite a few steps includingmaking survey, extracting attribute of users’ demand, transforming the information of users’demand and studying the configuration skills, etc, are carried out. Finally, the workflow andimplementation of its digital design system are proposed.
(2) The research methods of cupboard are presented
Based on the psychology and design theory of users’ experience, the research methods ofcupboard are presented, including, home interviews with users, shooting video, questionnaires andso on, which can be used to study the operation process of users on the cupboard and build thetask models and mental models of cupboard； taking full account of the different demands ofexpert users, experienced users, ordinary users, the questionnaires should be designed from theperspective of lifestyle, the status of kitchen, etc, and then the data distribution results should beanalyzed, which can lay a foundation for the subsequent step---extracting the attribute of users’demand.
(3)The dynamic users’ demand template is build
Based on the basic architecture of users’ static demand for cupboard products, the dynamicusers’ demand template is build to achieve the standard description on the users’ demand； theimproved method of quality function deployment and analytic hierarchy process realizes thetransformation from the initial demand to the configuration and design parameters, which has been verified using specific cases. A functional unit for quality function deployment is developedwith VB software.
(4) The subdivision of cupboard users is achieved
The definition of the cupboard family is presented, coupled with its constructing method；the conjoint analysis and hierarchical clustering methods are employed to achieve the subdivisionof cupboard users. A kind of user-oriented planning method for cupboard product family isestablished in this paper, which then gets validated and analyzed.
(5) The theory framework of cupboard design is built based on the configuration of thecupboard products
Combined with cupboard design features, the theory framework of cupboard design is builtbased on the configuration of the cupboard products； configuration methods of cupboardproducts and related algorithms are provided based on case reasoning； the framework ofevaluation index system for configuration results is established, and related methods evaluatingthe configuration results are proposed.
引文
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