冠菌素对小麦耐热性的调控效应及生理机制
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摘要
灌浆期高温是严重影响小麦产量的逆境之一。新型植物生长调节物质冠菌素(Coronatine, COR)能提高植物体抗逆性而备受关注。本研究以不同类型的小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)品种长武134与辽春17为试验材料,分别在温室与田间条件下系统研究了高温胁迫对苗期小麦与灌浆期小麦光合作用、抗氧化作用、细胞膜稳定性、渗透调节能力和激素系统的影响,以及冠菌素减轻高温胁迫伤害的调控效应,主要结果如下：
1高温胁迫条件下,0.1μmol·L-1的COR处理可使小麦叶片保持较高的相对含水量,促进小麦幼苗叶片中可溶性蛋白的积累,降低叶片的质膜透性和丙二醛含量,维持细胞膜的完整性。表明0.1μmol·L-1COR能提高苗期小麦的耐热性。
2高温胁迫条件下,灌浆前期0.1μmol·L-1的COR处理可以维持小麦旗叶较高的相对含水量,降低了叶片的质膜透性,从而维持了细胞膜的完整性,同时也增强了小麦旗叶的光合能力,使小麦千粒重提高了9.1%。
3小麦幼苗的倒二叶蛋白组结果显示,高温胁迫条件下,与常温条件相比,cp31BHv、Ps16、叶绿体小分子热激蛋白表达下调,而过氧化物酶4、谷胱甘肽转移酶、hypothetical protein(gi|147860809)表达上调；高温胁迫条件下经COR处理后,cp31BHv、Psl6、谷胱甘肽转移酶表达量下降,而过氧化物酶4表达上调。
4灌浆期小麦旗叶的蛋白组结果显示,高温胁迫条件下,与常温条件相比,蛋白二硫键异构酶2前体、cp31BHv、病程相关蛋白4、30S核糖体蛋白S1、半胱氨酸合成酶等11种蛋白表达下调,而S-like RNase、predicted protein (gi|326496957)表达量上升；高温胁迫条件下COR处理,cp31BHv、病程相关蛋白4、30S核糖体蛋白S1、半胱氨酸合成酶等六种蛋白表达下调,而蛋白二硫键异构酶、S-like RNase等表达上调。
5拟南芥中部分差异蛋白对应的基因功能验证结果表明,当PD1L1-1、GS2、cp31BHv和CysM这四个下调基因被敲除后,拟南芥的抗逆性明显增强,而50s ribosomal、 ACyl-CoAN-acyltransferase、PR4hevein-like protein和HSP17.4这四个上调基因敲除后,植物对于逆境胁迫更加敏感。
Heat stress in grain filling period is one of severe natural hazards in wheat production, and coronatine is a new plant regulator which can help plants resistent stress. Our study mainly focused on mechanism of heat tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.cv.Changwul34and Liaochun17). We studied the photosynthesis system、the oxidation reduction system、osmotic adjustment and plant hormones system. The results as follows:
1. Under heat stress condition, the seedling leaves treated with0.1μmol·L-1COR could maintain higher relative water content, increase soluble protein content, decrease membrane permeability and malondialdehyde content.
2. Under heat stress conditions, the flag leaves treated with0.1μmol·L-1COR could maintain higher relative water content, decrease membrane damage. Meanwhile, it also increased the capacity of photosynthesis, TKW (Thousand Kernel Weight) increased9.05%, and the theoretical yield increased496kg per hectare and consequently reduced the production loss.
3. Under heat stress conditions, the proteome of wheat seedling showed that:compare to the normal conditions, the expression level of cp31BHvμPs16and chloroplast small heat shock proteins were down regulated, while peroxidase4、lutathione transferase、hypothetical protein (gi|147860809) were up regulated. After coronatine treatment, the expression level of cp31BHv、Ps16、glutathione transferase decreased and peroxidase4increased.
4. Under heat stress conditions, the proteome of wheat flag leaves showed that:compare to the normal conditions, the expression level of protein disulfide isomerase2precursor、cp31BHv、protein disulfide isomerase2precursor、pathogenesis-related protein4、30S ribosomal protein S1、Cysteine synthase and other6protein were down regulated, while predicted protein (gi|326496957) and S-like RNase were up regulated; after coronatine treatment, the expression level of cp31BHv、 pathogenesis-related protein4、30S ribosomal protein S1、Cysteine synthase、predicted protein (gi|326496613)、predicted protein (gi|326499830)、unnamed protein product (gi|755762) are significantly decreaed, and protein disulfide isomerase2precursor、S-like RNase、predicted protein (gi|326504766) and hypothetical protein (gi|225467488) are increased.
5. We aslo found homologous genes in arabidopsis to do further study. We found that when we knocked out PDIL1-1、GS2、cp31BHv and CysM which were down regulated by coronatine, the mutants showed stress resistant phenotype, and when we knocked out50s ribosomal ACy1-CoAN-acyltransferase、PR4hevein-like protein and HSP17.4which were up regulated by coronatine, the plant showed stress sensitive phenotype.
1高温胁迫条件下,0.1μmol·L-1的COR处理可使小麦叶片保持较高的相对含水量,促进小麦幼苗叶片中可溶性蛋白的积累,降低叶片的质膜透性和丙二醛含量,维持细胞膜的完整性。表明0.1μmol·L-1COR能提高苗期小麦的耐热性。
2高温胁迫条件下,灌浆前期0.1μmol·L-1的COR处理可以维持小麦旗叶较高的相对含水量,降低了叶片的质膜透性,从而维持了细胞膜的完整性,同时也增强了小麦旗叶的光合能力,使小麦千粒重提高了9.1%。
3小麦幼苗的倒二叶蛋白组结果显示,高温胁迫条件下,与常温条件相比,cp31BHv、Ps16、叶绿体小分子热激蛋白表达下调,而过氧化物酶4、谷胱甘肽转移酶、hypothetical protein(gi|147860809)表达上调；高温胁迫条件下经COR处理后,cp31BHv、Psl6、谷胱甘肽转移酶表达量下降,而过氧化物酶4表达上调。
4灌浆期小麦旗叶的蛋白组结果显示,高温胁迫条件下,与常温条件相比,蛋白二硫键异构酶2前体、cp31BHv、病程相关蛋白4、30S核糖体蛋白S1、半胱氨酸合成酶等11种蛋白表达下调,而S-like RNase、predicted protein (gi|326496957)表达量上升；高温胁迫条件下COR处理,cp31BHv、病程相关蛋白4、30S核糖体蛋白S1、半胱氨酸合成酶等六种蛋白表达下调,而蛋白二硫键异构酶、S-like RNase等表达上调。
5拟南芥中部分差异蛋白对应的基因功能验证结果表明,当PD1L1-1、GS2、cp31BHv和CysM这四个下调基因被敲除后,拟南芥的抗逆性明显增强,而50s ribosomal、 ACyl-CoAN-acyltransferase、PR4hevein-like protein和HSP17.4这四个上调基因敲除后,植物对于逆境胁迫更加敏感。
Heat stress in grain filling period is one of severe natural hazards in wheat production, and coronatine is a new plant regulator which can help plants resistent stress. Our study mainly focused on mechanism of heat tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.cv.Changwul34and Liaochun17). We studied the photosynthesis system、the oxidation reduction system、osmotic adjustment and plant hormones system. The results as follows:
1. Under heat stress condition, the seedling leaves treated with0.1μmol·L-1COR could maintain higher relative water content, increase soluble protein content, decrease membrane permeability and malondialdehyde content.
2. Under heat stress conditions, the flag leaves treated with0.1μmol·L-1COR could maintain higher relative water content, decrease membrane damage. Meanwhile, it also increased the capacity of photosynthesis, TKW (Thousand Kernel Weight) increased9.05%, and the theoretical yield increased496kg per hectare and consequently reduced the production loss.
3. Under heat stress conditions, the proteome of wheat seedling showed that:compare to the normal conditions, the expression level of cp31BHvμPs16and chloroplast small heat shock proteins were down regulated, while peroxidase4、lutathione transferase、hypothetical protein (gi|147860809) were up regulated. After coronatine treatment, the expression level of cp31BHv、Ps16、glutathione transferase decreased and peroxidase4increased.
4. Under heat stress conditions, the proteome of wheat flag leaves showed that:compare to the normal conditions, the expression level of protein disulfide isomerase2precursor、cp31BHv、protein disulfide isomerase2precursor、pathogenesis-related protein4、30S ribosomal protein S1、Cysteine synthase and other6protein were down regulated, while predicted protein (gi|326496957) and S-like RNase were up regulated; after coronatine treatment, the expression level of cp31BHv、 pathogenesis-related protein4、30S ribosomal protein S1、Cysteine synthase、predicted protein (gi|326496613)、predicted protein (gi|326499830)、unnamed protein product (gi|755762) are significantly decreaed, and protein disulfide isomerase2precursor、S-like RNase、predicted protein (gi|326504766) and hypothetical protein (gi|225467488) are increased.
5. We aslo found homologous genes in arabidopsis to do further study. We found that when we knocked out PDIL1-1、GS2、cp31BHv and CysM which were down regulated by coronatine, the mutants showed stress resistant phenotype, and when we knocked out50s ribosomal ACy1-CoAN-acyltransferase、PR4hevein-like protein and HSP17.4which were up regulated by coronatine, the plant showed stress sensitive phenotype.
引文
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[3]柴翠翠,徐迎春,钱仙云.10种观赏草叶片的细胞膜热稳定性鉴定.江苏农业学报,2009,25(4)：876-879.
[4]陈志刚,谢宗强,郑海水.不同地理种源西南桦苗木的耐热性研究.生态学报,2003,23(11)：2327-2332.
[5]邓振镛,徐金芳,黄蕾诺,等.我国北方小麦干热风危害特征研究.安徽农业科学,2009,37(20)：9575-9577.
[6]杜秀敏,殷文璇,张慧,等.超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)研究进展.中国生物工程杂志,2003,23(1)：48-50.
[7]李训贞,梁满中,周广洽,等.水稻开花时的环境条件对花粉活力和结实的影响.作物学报,2002,28(3)：417-420.
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