车辆荷载作用下沥青路面疲劳行为研究
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摘要
由于具有一定弹性、寿命长、防水性好和舒适等特点,沥青混合料是当前道路面层的主要形式。行驶车辆是造成道路损伤和破坏,诸如疲劳损坏、车辙和裂缝等的最主要因素之一。因此,道路在车辆荷载作用下的行为一直是研究人员关注的焦点课题之一本文进行车辆荷载作用下沥青路面疲劳行为研究。
轴载是车辆荷载的表现形式,是造成道路损伤的直接因素,胎压和车型与轴载密切相关。基于交通调查数据的统计与分析,本文得到了当前我国高等级公路运输车辆轴载、胎压和车流的分布模型。轴载和胎压模型服从正态分布；车流模型无明显的分布特征。
高速化、重载化交通趋势使车辆作用在道路的动荷载受到更多关注。本文进行了车辆一道路系统动力学仿真研究,得到了车辆参数及运用对动荷载的影响规律,提出了进行道路受力分析考虑动荷载影响的方法,并给出了参数选择范围。
应力场是解决工程问题的有效工具。采用数值方法,本文提出了车辆荷载作用下沥青路面应力场显式表述获取方法,并对其特征进行了研究。结果表明,车辆荷载作用下,沥青路面处于多轴应力状态,面层层底既有拉应力,又有量值及效应不可忽略的压应力；因此,目前道路疲劳寿命估算以层底最大拉应力为参数显得不够缜密,应以由拉应力和压应力构成的应力幅为损伤因子,才能反映疲劳损伤的实质。工程实践用载荷谱进行荷载作用下结构损伤分析和寿命估算。基于计算机仿真技术,本文建立了车辆荷载作用下沥青路面载荷谱编制方法,并编制了给定工况下的应变谱。疲劳强度是一门理论分析和试验研究相结合的学科。本文设计了基于应力幅度(拉—压荷载)作用的室内三分点加载弯曲疲劳试验方法,并进行了室内疲劳试验和断口分析。结果表明,拉—压荷载作用下沥青混合料的疲劳行为与拉一拉或压一压荷载作用下的疲劳行为存在较大不同。
愈合功能对沥青路面在车辆荷载作用下的疲劳寿命有较大影响。基于此理论,本文分析了应力比对愈合效应的影响,指出压应力提升其愈合能力；讨论了应力比小于零荷载和愈合效应对道路疲劳寿命估算精度的影响。
本文最后给出了基于应力幅度因子的沥青路面疲劳寿命估算方法。
Asphalt concrete layer is predominantly used as a construction material for flexible pavements (surface layer) today because of its high quality engineering performance such as elasticity, durability, and water resistance; Running vehicles on the high class road are one of mainly reasons which caused road failure, such as fatigue failure, rutting, cracking and so on. Therefore, the behavior of asphalt layer under traffic loading is being always concerned by scientists and engineers.
In thesis, the auther focuses on the item that fatigue characteristic of asphalt concrete layer under vehicle loads.
Vehicle loading, include axle loads, tire pressure, and vehicle's style, is one of the main direct influence factors to made asphalt concrete damage. There are studied by the dissertation with traffic investigation and statistics theory. The distributions of axle loads and tire pressure at present cross the nation are closed to Gauss's Distribution, but the distribution of vehicle style model is not so, which has no clearly distribution modle.
The tendency high-speed orientation and accelerat heavy of truck make dynamic loading more and more be pay attention now. By usage of computer simulation, the influence of vehicle's parameters and its application are discussed, treatment method of dynamic loading in stress analysis is given too in the dissertation. At the same time, range of parameters selection is list in the essay.
Stresses field is foundation and a useful tool to deal with engineering project. The set approach and explicit express are given by use of numerical method in this thesis. It is shown that stresses field of asphalt surface layer under vehicle loads is a multi-axial stress field and more complicated than we thought before. It can be said that stress state in asphalt concrete layer is in multi-axial state. Another important item is that it is unreasonable to design road with maximum tensile stress or strain at bottom of asphalt concrete layer as the calculation parameter, and stress range composed by tensile strain and pressure strain
Damage prediction and life evaluation of structure are handled with use of load spectrum (stress spectrum or strain spectrum). In other words, load spectrum is basis and very important for damage and life prediction. Base on computer simulation, the strain spectrum of asphalt concrete layer under axle loads in chapter 4.
Experiment is very important to science and technology, and fatigue strength is a subject which combined theory analysis with experimental research. Fatigue strength experiment of asphalt mixture is done, its fracture surface is analyzed, and its characteristic is analysis too by the paper. The results show that fatigue behavior at negative stress ratio is different with positive state.
Fatigue life of asphalt concrete is affected by the healing., and it can be improved by pressure stresses; the accuracy of evaluation of fatigue life of asphalt concrete under axle loads is discussed too.
The proposed approach of fatigue design for asphalt concrete under axle loads list at the end of the dissertation.
轴载是车辆荷载的表现形式,是造成道路损伤的直接因素,胎压和车型与轴载密切相关。基于交通调查数据的统计与分析,本文得到了当前我国高等级公路运输车辆轴载、胎压和车流的分布模型。轴载和胎压模型服从正态分布；车流模型无明显的分布特征。
高速化、重载化交通趋势使车辆作用在道路的动荷载受到更多关注。本文进行了车辆一道路系统动力学仿真研究,得到了车辆参数及运用对动荷载的影响规律,提出了进行道路受力分析考虑动荷载影响的方法,并给出了参数选择范围。
应力场是解决工程问题的有效工具。采用数值方法,本文提出了车辆荷载作用下沥青路面应力场显式表述获取方法,并对其特征进行了研究。结果表明,车辆荷载作用下,沥青路面处于多轴应力状态,面层层底既有拉应力,又有量值及效应不可忽略的压应力；因此,目前道路疲劳寿命估算以层底最大拉应力为参数显得不够缜密,应以由拉应力和压应力构成的应力幅为损伤因子,才能反映疲劳损伤的实质。工程实践用载荷谱进行荷载作用下结构损伤分析和寿命估算。基于计算机仿真技术,本文建立了车辆荷载作用下沥青路面载荷谱编制方法,并编制了给定工况下的应变谱。疲劳强度是一门理论分析和试验研究相结合的学科。本文设计了基于应力幅度(拉—压荷载)作用的室内三分点加载弯曲疲劳试验方法,并进行了室内疲劳试验和断口分析。结果表明,拉—压荷载作用下沥青混合料的疲劳行为与拉一拉或压一压荷载作用下的疲劳行为存在较大不同。
愈合功能对沥青路面在车辆荷载作用下的疲劳寿命有较大影响。基于此理论,本文分析了应力比对愈合效应的影响,指出压应力提升其愈合能力；讨论了应力比小于零荷载和愈合效应对道路疲劳寿命估算精度的影响。
本文最后给出了基于应力幅度因子的沥青路面疲劳寿命估算方法。
Asphalt concrete layer is predominantly used as a construction material for flexible pavements (surface layer) today because of its high quality engineering performance such as elasticity, durability, and water resistance; Running vehicles on the high class road are one of mainly reasons which caused road failure, such as fatigue failure, rutting, cracking and so on. Therefore, the behavior of asphalt layer under traffic loading is being always concerned by scientists and engineers.
In thesis, the auther focuses on the item that fatigue characteristic of asphalt concrete layer under vehicle loads.
Vehicle loading, include axle loads, tire pressure, and vehicle's style, is one of the main direct influence factors to made asphalt concrete damage. There are studied by the dissertation with traffic investigation and statistics theory. The distributions of axle loads and tire pressure at present cross the nation are closed to Gauss's Distribution, but the distribution of vehicle style model is not so, which has no clearly distribution modle.
The tendency high-speed orientation and accelerat heavy of truck make dynamic loading more and more be pay attention now. By usage of computer simulation, the influence of vehicle's parameters and its application are discussed, treatment method of dynamic loading in stress analysis is given too in the dissertation. At the same time, range of parameters selection is list in the essay.
Stresses field is foundation and a useful tool to deal with engineering project. The set approach and explicit express are given by use of numerical method in this thesis. It is shown that stresses field of asphalt surface layer under vehicle loads is a multi-axial stress field and more complicated than we thought before. It can be said that stress state in asphalt concrete layer is in multi-axial state. Another important item is that it is unreasonable to design road with maximum tensile stress or strain at bottom of asphalt concrete layer as the calculation parameter, and stress range composed by tensile strain and pressure strain
Damage prediction and life evaluation of structure are handled with use of load spectrum (stress spectrum or strain spectrum). In other words, load spectrum is basis and very important for damage and life prediction. Base on computer simulation, the strain spectrum of asphalt concrete layer under axle loads in chapter 4.
Experiment is very important to science and technology, and fatigue strength is a subject which combined theory analysis with experimental research. Fatigue strength experiment of asphalt mixture is done, its fracture surface is analyzed, and its characteristic is analysis too by the paper. The results show that fatigue behavior at negative stress ratio is different with positive state.
Fatigue life of asphalt concrete is affected by the healing., and it can be improved by pressure stresses; the accuracy of evaluation of fatigue life of asphalt concrete under axle loads is discussed too.
The proposed approach of fatigue design for asphalt concrete under axle loads list at the end of the dissertation.
引文
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