蒸汽驱动态预测方法和优化技术研究
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摘要
由于蒸汽吞吐增加最终采收率的能力有限(一般为15%～20%),因此如何完善蒸汽驱技术、实现蒸汽驱油田的合理开发和对生产的科学管理,是当前面临的重要课题。虽然可用现有数值模拟方法对蒸汽驱生产能力进行预测,但数值模拟所需资料多、计算复杂、研究成本高。因此,本文开发和研究新的蒸汽驱理论模型,提供一种实时预测、分析和优化蒸汽驱技术参数的方法,对于丰富热力采油理论、筛选蒸汽驱油藏、编制开发方案以及优化蒸汽驱工艺、改善蒸汽驱效果具有重要意义。
本文依据物质守恒和能量守恒原理,结合蒸汽驱油藏内油、气、水及温度分布规律,建立了严格的积分形式质量平衡方程和能量平衡方程,所建方程为定量分析蒸汽驱动态的时变性和复杂性奠定了理论基础并提供了解题思路。
文中提出了蒸汽超覆与蒸汽前缘推进两种情况下相互转换的等效及拟等效位置定义和计算方法,建立了蒸汽驱地质物理模型,解决了应用Van Lookeren理论处理动力学不稳定问题的相容性问题,为定量分析蒸汽驱蒸汽超覆及前缘推进现象提供了依据。
建立了由前缘推进模型(FAPM)和蒸汽超覆模型(SOPM)构成的蒸汽驱动态预测理论模型(SFPM)。SFPM模型可用于蒸汽驱油藏筛选、蒸汽驱实施方案设计、敏感性参数分析和生产动态实时预测与调整。SFPM模型是优化蒸汽驱技术参数的目标函数。
应用所建模型(SFPM),输入油藏的35个基础数据,几秒钟内便可获得适用于蒸汽驱油藏筛选、初步工艺设计及可行性分析的有用参数和信息。分析工作简单便捷,结论精确度高。
设计并开发了蒸汽驱动态预测、优化和调整系统,研制了数值运算软件。应用本文软件可以进行蒸汽驱油藏筛选、可行性研究、开发方案合理编制以及实现采油生产历史拟合,分析影响采收率的关键技术参数。
对辽河油田齐40块蒸汽驱敏感性参数和“三场”分布进行了理论分析,得到了理论符合实际的结论。结果表明辽河油田齐40块中深层稠油油藏蒸汽驱67个月后油气比将低于0.15,经济效益变差,应该对该块的注汽量、注汽方式甚至开发方式进行调整,这样可取得更好的开发效果。
提出了基于粒子群算法的蒸汽驱动态优化与调整技术分析方法。结果表明：
(1)粒子群优化方案显著增加了每个月累计油汽比值,提高了采收率；
(2)采用粒子群优化注汽方案,可使齐40块蒸汽驱保持120个月累计油汽比大于0.15,明显改善了蒸汽驱效果；
(3)粒子群优化方案中的累计油汽比曲线下降缓慢,120个月后仍可以继续生产。
本文开发的蒸汽驱理论模型、优化和调整系统及其软件的预测结果符合油田生产实际,具有重要的应用价值。
Because of limited ability to increase the final oil recovery for steam stimulation (generally by 15%-20%), therefore, now it is an important faced subject that how to improve steam flooding technology, and how to realize the suitable development of steam flooding in oil field and scientific management. Although numerical simulation method is available and can be used to predict the steam flooding productions,it requires more data informations and research cost,and the computing process is complex.At such conditions, this paper develops and researches the new steam flooding theory model,providing a method to predict in real time, analyze and optimize the parameters of steam flooding,and it has important significance for enriching thermal recovery theory,selecting the oil field for steam flooding, drawing up development program, optimizing steam flooding process and improving the effect of steam flooding.
According to the laws of matter conservation and energy conservation, combining with distribution of oil, water and gas in the reservoir of steam flooding, mass balance equation and energy balance equation with strict integral form are built.these equations laid theory foundation for analyzing the dynamicity and complexity of steam flooding dynamic, and they also provide a way to deal with the problem.
This paper proposes the conceptions of equivalent position and pseudo- equivalent position of mutual conversion under the condition of steam overlay and steam front pushing,and their calculation methods are also put forward.An geological physical model is set up,and this paper has solved the compatibility issures of dynamic instability problems happened in the application of Van Lookeren theory,providing the basis for quantitatively analyzing the phenomenon of steam overlay and steam front push in steam flooding.
Steam flooding dynamic prediction theory model (SFPM) consisting of steam front pushing prediction model (FAPM) and steam overlay prediction (SOPM) has been set up.SFPM can be used for selecting the reservoir for steam flood, designing the implementation plan of steam flood, analyzing the sensitive parameters,predicting and adjusting production dynamic.SFPM is the objective function of optimizing the technical parameters in steam flood.
It just needs 35 basic parameters to run the SFPM,and the useful information will be available within a few seconds.Then the information can be used for selecting the reservoir for steam flood, designing originally the process and analyzing the feasibility of the scheme.the process of analyzing is easy and convenient,with high precision of results.
This paper has designed and developed the performance prediction, optimization and adjustment system of the steam flooding, and developed numerical calculation software. This software can be used for selecting steam flooding reservoir, feasibility study, reasonable development plan establishment, oil production history fitting, and analyse the key technical factor for recovery.
Through theoretically analyzing steam flooding sensitive parameters and "three fields" distribution for Qi 40 block in liaohe oilfield, the theory agreeing with practical conclusions has been obtained. The results show that oil-gas ratios will be lower than 0.15 after steam flooding for 67 months in medium-deep heavy oil reservoirs of Qi 40 block in liaohe oilfield, and economic benefits become worse.And steam injection quantity, injection method and even development method of this block should be adjusted, so the better development effect can be expected.
The dynamic optimization and adjustment technical analysis based on particle swarm algorithm for steam flood is proposed. The results show that:(1) particle swarm optimization scheme has significantly increased cumulative oil-gas ratio for each month, and improved oil recovery; (2) the using of particle swarm optimization steam injection scheme can keep cumulative oil-gas ratio more than 0.15 for 120 months, obviously improving steam flooding effect; (3) accumulative oil-gas ratio curve declines slowly in the particle swarm optimization scheme, and production can continue after 120 months.
The development, optimizing and adjusting system of steam flooding theoretical model and the predictions of the software agree with oilfield productions, and it has important application value.
本文依据物质守恒和能量守恒原理,结合蒸汽驱油藏内油、气、水及温度分布规律,建立了严格的积分形式质量平衡方程和能量平衡方程,所建方程为定量分析蒸汽驱动态的时变性和复杂性奠定了理论基础并提供了解题思路。
文中提出了蒸汽超覆与蒸汽前缘推进两种情况下相互转换的等效及拟等效位置定义和计算方法,建立了蒸汽驱地质物理模型,解决了应用Van Lookeren理论处理动力学不稳定问题的相容性问题,为定量分析蒸汽驱蒸汽超覆及前缘推进现象提供了依据。
建立了由前缘推进模型(FAPM)和蒸汽超覆模型(SOPM)构成的蒸汽驱动态预测理论模型(SFPM)。SFPM模型可用于蒸汽驱油藏筛选、蒸汽驱实施方案设计、敏感性参数分析和生产动态实时预测与调整。SFPM模型是优化蒸汽驱技术参数的目标函数。
应用所建模型(SFPM),输入油藏的35个基础数据,几秒钟内便可获得适用于蒸汽驱油藏筛选、初步工艺设计及可行性分析的有用参数和信息。分析工作简单便捷,结论精确度高。
设计并开发了蒸汽驱动态预测、优化和调整系统,研制了数值运算软件。应用本文软件可以进行蒸汽驱油藏筛选、可行性研究、开发方案合理编制以及实现采油生产历史拟合,分析影响采收率的关键技术参数。
对辽河油田齐40块蒸汽驱敏感性参数和“三场”分布进行了理论分析,得到了理论符合实际的结论。结果表明辽河油田齐40块中深层稠油油藏蒸汽驱67个月后油气比将低于0.15,经济效益变差,应该对该块的注汽量、注汽方式甚至开发方式进行调整,这样可取得更好的开发效果。
提出了基于粒子群算法的蒸汽驱动态优化与调整技术分析方法。结果表明：
(1)粒子群优化方案显著增加了每个月累计油汽比值,提高了采收率；
(2)采用粒子群优化注汽方案,可使齐40块蒸汽驱保持120个月累计油汽比大于0.15,明显改善了蒸汽驱效果；
(3)粒子群优化方案中的累计油汽比曲线下降缓慢,120个月后仍可以继续生产。
本文开发的蒸汽驱理论模型、优化和调整系统及其软件的预测结果符合油田生产实际,具有重要的应用价值。
Because of limited ability to increase the final oil recovery for steam stimulation (generally by 15%-20%), therefore, now it is an important faced subject that how to improve steam flooding technology, and how to realize the suitable development of steam flooding in oil field and scientific management. Although numerical simulation method is available and can be used to predict the steam flooding productions,it requires more data informations and research cost,and the computing process is complex.At such conditions, this paper develops and researches the new steam flooding theory model,providing a method to predict in real time, analyze and optimize the parameters of steam flooding,and it has important significance for enriching thermal recovery theory,selecting the oil field for steam flooding, drawing up development program, optimizing steam flooding process and improving the effect of steam flooding.
According to the laws of matter conservation and energy conservation, combining with distribution of oil, water and gas in the reservoir of steam flooding, mass balance equation and energy balance equation with strict integral form are built.these equations laid theory foundation for analyzing the dynamicity and complexity of steam flooding dynamic, and they also provide a way to deal with the problem.
This paper proposes the conceptions of equivalent position and pseudo- equivalent position of mutual conversion under the condition of steam overlay and steam front pushing,and their calculation methods are also put forward.An geological physical model is set up,and this paper has solved the compatibility issures of dynamic instability problems happened in the application of Van Lookeren theory,providing the basis for quantitatively analyzing the phenomenon of steam overlay and steam front push in steam flooding.
Steam flooding dynamic prediction theory model (SFPM) consisting of steam front pushing prediction model (FAPM) and steam overlay prediction (SOPM) has been set up.SFPM can be used for selecting the reservoir for steam flood, designing the implementation plan of steam flood, analyzing the sensitive parameters,predicting and adjusting production dynamic.SFPM is the objective function of optimizing the technical parameters in steam flood.
It just needs 35 basic parameters to run the SFPM,and the useful information will be available within a few seconds.Then the information can be used for selecting the reservoir for steam flood, designing originally the process and analyzing the feasibility of the scheme.the process of analyzing is easy and convenient,with high precision of results.
This paper has designed and developed the performance prediction, optimization and adjustment system of the steam flooding, and developed numerical calculation software. This software can be used for selecting steam flooding reservoir, feasibility study, reasonable development plan establishment, oil production history fitting, and analyse the key technical factor for recovery.
Through theoretically analyzing steam flooding sensitive parameters and "three fields" distribution for Qi 40 block in liaohe oilfield, the theory agreeing with practical conclusions has been obtained. The results show that oil-gas ratios will be lower than 0.15 after steam flooding for 67 months in medium-deep heavy oil reservoirs of Qi 40 block in liaohe oilfield, and economic benefits become worse.And steam injection quantity, injection method and even development method of this block should be adjusted, so the better development effect can be expected.
The dynamic optimization and adjustment technical analysis based on particle swarm algorithm for steam flood is proposed. The results show that:(1) particle swarm optimization scheme has significantly increased cumulative oil-gas ratio for each month, and improved oil recovery; (2) the using of particle swarm optimization steam injection scheme can keep cumulative oil-gas ratio more than 0.15 for 120 months, obviously improving steam flooding effect; (3) accumulative oil-gas ratio curve declines slowly in the particle swarm optimization scheme, and production can continue after 120 months.
The development, optimizing and adjusting system of steam flooding theoretical model and the predictions of the software agree with oilfield productions, and it has important application value.
引文
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