城市抗震防灾规划空间决策支持系统研究
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摘要
地震灾害作为城市灾害之首,一直是防灾研究的重点,随着科技、经济的发展,人类开始尝试将当今出现的新技术、新材料、新工艺用于地震灾害的防灾规划。在基于地理信息系统的基础上,融合决策支持系统产生的空间决策支持系统作为一个新兴科学技术领域,在城市抗震防灾规划中显示出强大的优势,它能快速地为决策者准确提供决策所需要的数据、信息和背景材料,帮助决策者明确决策目标,建立修改决策模型和进行空间复合计算,提供各种备选方案,并对方案进行评价和优选。
本文从抗震防灾规划的研究背景出发,以山东省诸城市为实例,在融合了GIS技术和关系型数据库技术的基础上,以空间决策支持系统技术为核心,构建了功能强大且通用性和复用性良好的城市抗震防灾规划空间决策支持系统。该系统集多种功能于一身,可以以文本和专题图的形式为城市抗震防灾规划提供用地抗震适宜性评价、建筑物以及基础工程抗震防灾规划、次生灾害防控规划以及避震疏散规划等方面的规划整改方案以及规划用辅助决策方案。本文的研究主要包括：(1)以空间决策支持系统的理论架构为依据,详细规划并构建了城市抗震防灾规划空间决策支持系统的整体功能架构和系统集成技术架构；(2)在系统整体架构的基础上,构建了数据库及其管理子系统、模型库及其管理子系统、知识库及其管理系统以及系统功能应用层；(3)运用该系统为诸城市的抗震防灾规划提出了整改方案和抗震防灾规划辅助决策,并对城市工程抗震土地利用规划、城市建筑区抗震防灾规划、基础设施抗震防灾规划(包括：交通系统抗震防灾规划、供水系统抗震防灾规划、供电系统抗震防灾规划、医院、消防、通信系统的抗震防灾规划、供气系统的抗震防灾规划)、地震次生灾害防御规划和措施、避震疏散措施与防灾据点建设规划等作了优化方案,并以可视化的形式表现出来；(4)对整个课题的研究工作做了总结,并结合当前空间决策支持系统的发展趋势,提出了课题进一步努力的方向。
本文的创新性成果在于将空间决策支持技术引入城市抗震防灾规划研究领域,构建了功能强大的城市抗震防灾规划空间决策支持系统。该系统为城市区域防灾规划提供了一个综合性的、智能型网络决策平台,避免了二次开发的麻烦,具有极高的应用价值。此外,根据国家数据标准以及相关规范,为城市抗震防灾规划构建了标准化空间数据库,并将抗震防灾规划研究用的相关知识和模型采用了基于产生式的知识规则表示,构建了知识规则库,方便了知识的管理与维护,从而为城市抗震防灾规划空间决策支持系统的高效运行提供了良好的数据支持和知识支持。再次,在地震风险评估中,构建了致灾因子递阶层次结构,并利用层次分析法用于求解致灾因子的权系数,为震害评估和防灾规划提供了科学依据。
As the principal of urban disaster, earthquake is the emphasis of the studying on disaster prevention. With the development of technology and economic, the new technologies, new materials, new technology start to be used in the planning on earthquake disaster prevention. The spatial decision support system is an emerging field of science and technology. It is based on Geographic Information System, combined with the decision support system. The spatial decision support system is showed a strong advantage to be used in urban planning on earthquake resistance and hazardous prevention. Because it can provide the data, information and background materials that were required by policy-makers quickly and accurately, help decision-makers decide the objective of building model, modify the decision-making model, establish complex calculations of the space, provide various options, and evaluate and select project.
This thesis was built a powerful, good versatile and reusability spatial decision support system for urban planning on earthquake resistance and hazardous prevention. The system is from the background of urban planning on earthquake resistance and hazardous prevention, taken the example of the city of ZhuCheng, ShanDong province, combined with the technology of GIS and relational database, and taken the technology of spatial decision support system as the core. The system also integrates several functions. It can provide decision support program and planning on earthquake resistance and hazardous prevention in the form of text and thematic map, such as land suitability evaluation, the building and foundation engineering, secondary disasters and disaster evacuation, and so on. The major contents of the dissertation are as follows:(1) Detailed planning and construction the overall functional structure and system integration, technology architecture of spatial decision support system for urban planning on earthquake resistance and hazardous prevention based theoretical framework of the spatial decision support system; (2) Construction of the database and its management subsystem, model base and its management subsystem, knowledge base and its management system, and the application of system functions layer based on system framework. (3) Proposed rectification plan and assistant decision planning on earthquake resistance and hazardous prevention for Zhucheng in the use of this system. Made optimization program in urban planning from the view of earthquake resistance and hazardous prevention, such as land use, construction zone, infrastructure (contains transport, water supply, power supply, hospitals, fire, communications, gas system), earthquake disaster prevention plans and measures, earthquake evacuation measures, construction plan for disaster prevention base, and so on. (4) Summed up the whole issue of study, and raised the direction for further work combined with the current trend of spatial decision support system.
The innovative achievement of this thesis lies in introducing spatial decision support technology into the field of urban planning on earthquake resistance and hazardous prevention, building a powerful Spatial Decision Support System for Urban Planning on Earthquake Resistance and Hazardous Prevention. The system provides a comprehensive and intelligent network decision-making platform for urban region disaster prevention plan, avoids the trouble of secondary development with high application value. In addition, according to national data standards and related specifications, we have constructed the spatial database for the urban planning on earthquake resistance and hazardous prevention, and used the production-based knowledge rules to represent relevant knowledge and model used for the urban planning on earthquake resistance and hazardous prevention. Meanwhile a knowledge rule base has been built, facilitating the management and maintenance of knowledge. As a result, it provided a good data support and a good knowledge support for efficient operation of the spatial decision support system for urban planning on earthquake resistance and hazardous prevention. In the last, It provides a scientific basis for the earthquake disaster assessment and disaster prevention plan in the seismic risk assessment, established a stratified and hierarchical structure for the disaster-causing factor, meanwhile calculated the weight coefficients of the disaster-causing factor with the method of the analytic hierarchy process.
本文从抗震防灾规划的研究背景出发,以山东省诸城市为实例,在融合了GIS技术和关系型数据库技术的基础上,以空间决策支持系统技术为核心,构建了功能强大且通用性和复用性良好的城市抗震防灾规划空间决策支持系统。该系统集多种功能于一身,可以以文本和专题图的形式为城市抗震防灾规划提供用地抗震适宜性评价、建筑物以及基础工程抗震防灾规划、次生灾害防控规划以及避震疏散规划等方面的规划整改方案以及规划用辅助决策方案。本文的研究主要包括：(1)以空间决策支持系统的理论架构为依据,详细规划并构建了城市抗震防灾规划空间决策支持系统的整体功能架构和系统集成技术架构；(2)在系统整体架构的基础上,构建了数据库及其管理子系统、模型库及其管理子系统、知识库及其管理系统以及系统功能应用层；(3)运用该系统为诸城市的抗震防灾规划提出了整改方案和抗震防灾规划辅助决策,并对城市工程抗震土地利用规划、城市建筑区抗震防灾规划、基础设施抗震防灾规划(包括：交通系统抗震防灾规划、供水系统抗震防灾规划、供电系统抗震防灾规划、医院、消防、通信系统的抗震防灾规划、供气系统的抗震防灾规划)、地震次生灾害防御规划和措施、避震疏散措施与防灾据点建设规划等作了优化方案,并以可视化的形式表现出来；(4)对整个课题的研究工作做了总结,并结合当前空间决策支持系统的发展趋势,提出了课题进一步努力的方向。
本文的创新性成果在于将空间决策支持技术引入城市抗震防灾规划研究领域,构建了功能强大的城市抗震防灾规划空间决策支持系统。该系统为城市区域防灾规划提供了一个综合性的、智能型网络决策平台,避免了二次开发的麻烦,具有极高的应用价值。此外,根据国家数据标准以及相关规范,为城市抗震防灾规划构建了标准化空间数据库,并将抗震防灾规划研究用的相关知识和模型采用了基于产生式的知识规则表示,构建了知识规则库,方便了知识的管理与维护,从而为城市抗震防灾规划空间决策支持系统的高效运行提供了良好的数据支持和知识支持。再次,在地震风险评估中,构建了致灾因子递阶层次结构,并利用层次分析法用于求解致灾因子的权系数,为震害评估和防灾规划提供了科学依据。
As the principal of urban disaster, earthquake is the emphasis of the studying on disaster prevention. With the development of technology and economic, the new technologies, new materials, new technology start to be used in the planning on earthquake disaster prevention. The spatial decision support system is an emerging field of science and technology. It is based on Geographic Information System, combined with the decision support system. The spatial decision support system is showed a strong advantage to be used in urban planning on earthquake resistance and hazardous prevention. Because it can provide the data, information and background materials that were required by policy-makers quickly and accurately, help decision-makers decide the objective of building model, modify the decision-making model, establish complex calculations of the space, provide various options, and evaluate and select project.
This thesis was built a powerful, good versatile and reusability spatial decision support system for urban planning on earthquake resistance and hazardous prevention. The system is from the background of urban planning on earthquake resistance and hazardous prevention, taken the example of the city of ZhuCheng, ShanDong province, combined with the technology of GIS and relational database, and taken the technology of spatial decision support system as the core. The system also integrates several functions. It can provide decision support program and planning on earthquake resistance and hazardous prevention in the form of text and thematic map, such as land suitability evaluation, the building and foundation engineering, secondary disasters and disaster evacuation, and so on. The major contents of the dissertation are as follows:(1) Detailed planning and construction the overall functional structure and system integration, technology architecture of spatial decision support system for urban planning on earthquake resistance and hazardous prevention based theoretical framework of the spatial decision support system; (2) Construction of the database and its management subsystem, model base and its management subsystem, knowledge base and its management system, and the application of system functions layer based on system framework. (3) Proposed rectification plan and assistant decision planning on earthquake resistance and hazardous prevention for Zhucheng in the use of this system. Made optimization program in urban planning from the view of earthquake resistance and hazardous prevention, such as land use, construction zone, infrastructure (contains transport, water supply, power supply, hospitals, fire, communications, gas system), earthquake disaster prevention plans and measures, earthquake evacuation measures, construction plan for disaster prevention base, and so on. (4) Summed up the whole issue of study, and raised the direction for further work combined with the current trend of spatial decision support system.
The innovative achievement of this thesis lies in introducing spatial decision support technology into the field of urban planning on earthquake resistance and hazardous prevention, building a powerful Spatial Decision Support System for Urban Planning on Earthquake Resistance and Hazardous Prevention. The system provides a comprehensive and intelligent network decision-making platform for urban region disaster prevention plan, avoids the trouble of secondary development with high application value. In addition, according to national data standards and related specifications, we have constructed the spatial database for the urban planning on earthquake resistance and hazardous prevention, and used the production-based knowledge rules to represent relevant knowledge and model used for the urban planning on earthquake resistance and hazardous prevention. Meanwhile a knowledge rule base has been built, facilitating the management and maintenance of knowledge. As a result, it provided a good data support and a good knowledge support for efficient operation of the spatial decision support system for urban planning on earthquake resistance and hazardous prevention. In the last, It provides a scientific basis for the earthquake disaster assessment and disaster prevention plan in the seismic risk assessment, established a stratified and hierarchical structure for the disaster-causing factor, meanwhile calculated the weight coefficients of the disaster-causing factor with the method of the analytic hierarchy process.
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