服务贸易与货物贸易互动关系研究
|
摘要
服务贸易与货物贸易同是世界贸易的组成部分,两者共同构成了世界贸易。服务贸易与货物贸易关系密切:服务贸易起源于货物贸易,货物贸易在先,服务贸易在后;货物贸易的发展能够带动服务贸易的发展,服务贸易反过来又促进货物贸易的开展。由于早期服务贸易总体规模较小,在经济中的作用有限,因此人们往往用货物贸易指代世界贸易,服务贸易并不为人们所关注。但是,随着经济技术的发展和人们生活水平的提高,服务业和服务贸易的发展越来越为人们所重视。自20世纪70年代之后,服务贸易的增长速度超越了货物贸易的增长速度,其在国际贸易中的地位显著上升,对经济发展的拉动作用日益凸显,引起了各国政府和学界对这一领域的广泛关注。尤其自GATT乌拉圭回合谈判达成的服务贸易总协定(GATS)实施和世界贸易组织(WTO)成立后,服务贸易的发展受到了学术界和政策当局的广泛重视。但是,服务贸易的发展不论在理论上还是在实践上都落后于货物贸易。同时,服务贸易在各国间也表现出很大的不平衡性,货物贸易规模庞大的国家同样服务贸易规模也比较大,服务贸易发展在地区上很不平衡。而且,就一国内部来说,服务贸易与货物贸易的发展也存在不平衡的问题:很多服务货物顺差的国家,服务贸易却是逆差;货物贸易逆差的国家,服务贸易却是顺差。如何实现服务贸易与货物贸易的互动与均衡协调发展,对这些国家来说就显得比较重要。
中国作为全球第二大货物贸易国,货物贸易发展迅速,具有一定的竞争优势,持续多年货物贸易顺差。相比之下,服务贸易发展却相对滞后,而且总体竞争力不强,多年来都是逆差。随着我国货物贸易的快速发展和持续的顺差,同其他许多贸易伙伴国的贸易摩擦也在加剧,加之近来金融危机的影响使贸易保护主义抬头以及低碳经济时代的来临,使中国的货物贸易发展受到了严峻的考验。如何实现外贸增长方式的转变,优化贸易结构,维持外贸对经济增长的拉动作用,是中国丞需解决解决的问题。这也为中国大力发展服务贸易,提升我国在国际分工中的地位,实现服务贸易与货物贸易的互动协调发展提供了良好的契机。
正是基于上述考虑,本文把服务贸易与货物贸易的协调发展问题作为研究的主题。文章通过运用经济学、国际贸易学和计量经济学的相关理论,分析相对比较成熟的货物贸易理论,探讨其在服务贸易领域的适用性和服务贸易自身理论的发展情况,并在此基础上进行比较和综合研究,以深入剖析指导服务贸易与货物贸易协调发展的相关理论和具体机制,最后结合贸易发展的实际情况进行实证检验。文章具体研究的内容分为七章:
第一章,引言。本章在简要介绍论文的选题背景和意义的基础上,对国内外关于服务贸易与货物贸易互动协调发展关系的相关研究成果进行总结和归纳,提出文章研究的基本内容和结构设想、拟采取的研究方法以及可能的创新之处。
第二章,服务贸易与货物贸易发展的相关理论。本章首先介绍了服务的相关概念、特征和分类,对货物贸易理论发展脉络进行梳理,而后在此基础上结合服务贸易的特殊性分析货物贸易理论在服务贸易领域的适用性以及服务贸易自身理论的发展情况。
第三章,服务贸易与货物贸易协调发展的理论分析。本章概括总结了服务贸易与货物贸易协调发展的相关理论,并重点介绍了研究服务贸易与货物贸易协调发展的Deardorff模型和生产区段与服务链理论,而后在此基础分析了服务贸易与货物贸易协调发展的具体机制和社会经济条件,指出货物贸易的发展能够从供给、需求和政策管理方面促进服务贸易的发展,而服务贸易主要通过为货物贸易提供便利化服务、促使交易流程创新、节约交易成本以及为服务于商品生产的全球布局而推动货物贸易的发展。
第四章,服务贸易与货物贸易协调发展:一般性量化分析。本章简要介绍全球服务贸易与货物贸易的发展现状,并运用现代计量分析方法的协整分析法和误差修正分析法,基于全球和主要贸易大国的服务贸易和货物贸易出口数据,检验分析了全球和主要贸易大国的服务贸易与货物贸易的长期互动均衡发展情况和短期波动的自我修复机制。检验结果表明全球和部分主要贸易国的服务贸易与货物贸易发展之间存在长期互动的均衡机制,短期偏离长期互动均衡状态后能够进行自我修复,较好地支持了关于服务贸易与货物贸易协调发展的理论研究结论。
第五章,服务贸易与货物贸易协调发展:结构性量化分析。本章主要基于货物贸易商品和服务贸易的出口结构数据,运用现代计量分析方法的VAR模型分析法,分析了全球和主要贸易国具体商品贸易与服务贸易以及主要部门服务贸易与货物贸易之间的互动协调发展情况,结果表明全球和部分主要的贸易大国的具体商品贸易与服务贸易以及主要部门服务贸易与货物贸易之间存在互动均衡的发展机制,尤其是工业制成品贸易和服务贸易以及生产性或新兴服务贸易与货物贸易之间的相互促进关系显著,并通过向量误差模型分析法分析了相应的短期波动机制。同时,运用运用脉冲响应函数和方差分解较好地测度了具体商品贸易与服务贸易以及主要部门服务贸易与货物贸易之间的交互影响关系。这些实证研究的结论有力地支撑了关于服务贸易与货物贸易协调发展的理论分析结果。
第六章,中国服务贸易与货物贸易的协调发展分析。本章在对中国服务贸易与货物贸易发展现状进行分析的基础上,运用相关的具体商品贸易和主要部门服务贸易的出口数据,通过VAR模型分析法分析了中国具体商品贸易与服务贸易以及主要部门服务贸易与货物贸易的互动发展情况,并对其短期波动机制和交互影响情况进行分析,指出与主要贸易大国相比,中国服务贸易与货物贸易之间互动协调发展的程度有待提高,其领域有待拓展。最后,在上述分析的基础,对中国服务贸易和货物贸易协调发展存在的问题进行剖析,并提出一些对策思考,以期能够转变中国外贸增长方式,提升外贸竞争力,为中国服务贸易与货物贸易协调发展提供些许有价值的政策参考和借鉴。
第七章,研究结论和后续研究展望。在前述各章研究分析的基础上,总结全文的主要研究结论和不足之处,并对后续的研究进行展望。
World trade consists of trade in services and trade in goods. There are close contacts between trade in services and trade in goods. Trade in services derives from trade in goods and trade in goods arises before Trade in services. Moreover, the development of trade in goods can drive the development of Trade in services and conversely the development of Trade in services can also further the development of trade in goods. Early the scale of Trade in services is very small and its roles in the global business is relatively limited. So people often substitites world trade with trade in goods and ignores the importance of Trade in services. But with the economic and technical development and improving of people’s living standards, people pay more and more importance to the development of sevices industry and trade in services. Since 1970s,The growth rate of trade in services has exceeded the rate of growth of trade in goods, its position in international trade has increased significantly and its role in boosting economic development has become increasingly prominent, which catch the government and academic attention in this area. In particular, since the implementation of GATS (GATS) under the Uruguay Round of GATT negotiations and after the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the development of trade in services has gotten academic and policy attention widely. However, the development of trade in services, whether in theory or in practice, are behind the trade in goods. At the same time, trade in services between countries also showed great imbalance. The countries of Large-scale trade in goods have relatively large scale trade in services, which illustrates the development of trade in services is very uneven in the region. And to a country's internal, thedevelopment of trade in services and trade in goods is also with the problem of unbalanced. Such as countries with surpluses of goods, they have a deficit in trade in services and trade in services in the nations of trade deficit of goods is surplus. How to realize the coordinated development between trade in goods and trade in services becomes vital to these countries.
As the world's second largest country of trade in goods, China has a rapid development, certain competitive advantage and a surplus in trade in goods for years. In contrast, the development of trade in services in China is more backward.Its overall competitiveness is not strong and balance is deficit for years. With the rapid development and sustained surplus of trade in goods, trade friction between China and many other trading partners is being aggravated, the recent financial crisis makes trade protectionism spread and the era of low-carbon economy is forthcoming, which makes China's development of Trade in Goods face a severe test. It has being China Cheng problems to be solved that How to change the increasing model of China’s foreign trade, optimize trade structure and maintain the role of foreign trade in economic growth. This also provides China with a good opportunity to develop trade in services , enhance our position in the international division of labor and coordinate the development between trade in services and trade in goods.
Based on the above considerations, this paper views the harmonious development between trade in services and trade in goods as a research subject. By the use of economics, theory of international trade and theory of econometrics, this paper analysises relatively more mature theory of trade in goods, Explore its applicability of the field of trade in services and the development of theory of trade in services and expand comparison and comprehensive study on the basis of this in oder to in-depth analysis the relative theory and specific mechanisms of guiding the coordinated development between trade in services and have an empirical study on it according to the actual trade situation. The specific contents of this paper is divided into seven chapters of:
Chapter I, Introduction. This chapter briefly describes the research background and significance of the paper, summarizes the relevant research results on based on the coordinated development between trade in services and trade in goods at home and abroad and puts forward the basic content ,structure, research methods and innovations in this paper.
Chapter II, the relevant theory of the development of trade in services and goods. This chapter introduces the concept,characteristics and classification of service-related, sort out the development of theory of trade in goods and then analysises the applicability of theory of trade in goods in the fields of trade in services acoording to the special nature of trade in services and its own theoretic development.
Chapter III, the theoretic annlysis on the harmonious development between trade in services and trade in goods. this chapter Summarizes the relevant theory of the coordinated development between trade in services and trade in goods , focuses on the Deardorff model and service chain theory related to the coordinated development and analysises the specific mechanisms of their coordinated development on the basis of it. Also, this chapter shows that the development of trade in goods can promote the development of trade in services from the faces of the supply, demand and policy management and the development of trade in services can further the development of trade in goods mainly through the providing trade facilitation services with trade in goods, promoting innovation of transaction process, reducing transaction costs and serving the global layout of commodity production.
Chapter IV, the analysis on the harmonious development between trade in services and trade in goods from the total trade amount. This chapter briefly describes the development status of the global trade in goods and trade in services and tests balanced development of long-term interactions and self-repair mechanism of short-term fluctuations between them from the export data of the global and major trading nations by using of modern methods of econometrics, cointegration and error correction analysis . Test results show that balanced development of long-term interactions between them in the global and some of the major trading nations exists and short-term deviation from the equilibrium state of long-term interaction can be self-repaired, which better supports the theoretic findings on t the coordinated development between them .
Chapter V, the analysis on the harmonious development between trade in services and trade in goods from the trade structure. This chapter briefly describes the coordinated development status between trade in goods and trade in services of the global and major trading nations from export structure data through the use of VAR model method. Test results show that balanced development of long-term interactions between specific categories of merchandise trade and trade in services or key sectors of trade in services and trade in goods in the global and some of the major trading nations exists,especially between trade in manufactured goods and trade in services or emerging trade in services and trade in goods trade. Test results also show the corresponding mechanism for short-term fluctuations through the use of the vector error correction model. At the same time, this chapter better measures the specific interaction mechanism between Specific categories of merchandise trade and trade in services or Key sectors of trade in services and trade in goods by using of impulse response function and variance decomposition model.These results better support the theoretic findings on t the coordinated development between trade in services and trade in goods .
Chapter VI, the analysis on the harmonious development between China’s trade in services and trade in goods. This chapter briefly describes the development status of China’s trade in goods and trade in services , annlysises the coordinated development status between China’s specific categories of merchandise trade and trade in services or key sectors of trade in services and trade in goods from China’s export structure data through the use of VAR model and points out their self-repair mechanism of short-term fluctuations and interaction mechanism. Compared with the major trading powers, this chapter also shows China's degree of coordinated development between trade in services and rade in goods should be improved and their area of coordinated development should be expanded. Finally, based on these research results, this chapter annlysises the problems of the coordinated development between China's trade in services and trade in goods and some countermeasures in order to change increasing model of China’s foreign trade, enhance its competitiveness and provide some valuable reference for China's policy of foreign trade on the harmonious development between trade in goods and trade in services.
Chapter VII, conlusions and prospects. based on research and analysis in the previous chapters, this chapter summarizes the Conclusions of the main research findings and inadequacy and points out the future research orientation.
中国作为全球第二大货物贸易国,货物贸易发展迅速,具有一定的竞争优势,持续多年货物贸易顺差。相比之下,服务贸易发展却相对滞后,而且总体竞争力不强,多年来都是逆差。随着我国货物贸易的快速发展和持续的顺差,同其他许多贸易伙伴国的贸易摩擦也在加剧,加之近来金融危机的影响使贸易保护主义抬头以及低碳经济时代的来临,使中国的货物贸易发展受到了严峻的考验。如何实现外贸增长方式的转变,优化贸易结构,维持外贸对经济增长的拉动作用,是中国丞需解决解决的问题。这也为中国大力发展服务贸易,提升我国在国际分工中的地位,实现服务贸易与货物贸易的互动协调发展提供了良好的契机。
正是基于上述考虑,本文把服务贸易与货物贸易的协调发展问题作为研究的主题。文章通过运用经济学、国际贸易学和计量经济学的相关理论,分析相对比较成熟的货物贸易理论,探讨其在服务贸易领域的适用性和服务贸易自身理论的发展情况,并在此基础上进行比较和综合研究,以深入剖析指导服务贸易与货物贸易协调发展的相关理论和具体机制,最后结合贸易发展的实际情况进行实证检验。文章具体研究的内容分为七章:
第一章,引言。本章在简要介绍论文的选题背景和意义的基础上,对国内外关于服务贸易与货物贸易互动协调发展关系的相关研究成果进行总结和归纳,提出文章研究的基本内容和结构设想、拟采取的研究方法以及可能的创新之处。
第二章,服务贸易与货物贸易发展的相关理论。本章首先介绍了服务的相关概念、特征和分类,对货物贸易理论发展脉络进行梳理,而后在此基础上结合服务贸易的特殊性分析货物贸易理论在服务贸易领域的适用性以及服务贸易自身理论的发展情况。
第三章,服务贸易与货物贸易协调发展的理论分析。本章概括总结了服务贸易与货物贸易协调发展的相关理论,并重点介绍了研究服务贸易与货物贸易协调发展的Deardorff模型和生产区段与服务链理论,而后在此基础分析了服务贸易与货物贸易协调发展的具体机制和社会经济条件,指出货物贸易的发展能够从供给、需求和政策管理方面促进服务贸易的发展,而服务贸易主要通过为货物贸易提供便利化服务、促使交易流程创新、节约交易成本以及为服务于商品生产的全球布局而推动货物贸易的发展。
第四章,服务贸易与货物贸易协调发展:一般性量化分析。本章简要介绍全球服务贸易与货物贸易的发展现状,并运用现代计量分析方法的协整分析法和误差修正分析法,基于全球和主要贸易大国的服务贸易和货物贸易出口数据,检验分析了全球和主要贸易大国的服务贸易与货物贸易的长期互动均衡发展情况和短期波动的自我修复机制。检验结果表明全球和部分主要贸易国的服务贸易与货物贸易发展之间存在长期互动的均衡机制,短期偏离长期互动均衡状态后能够进行自我修复,较好地支持了关于服务贸易与货物贸易协调发展的理论研究结论。
第五章,服务贸易与货物贸易协调发展:结构性量化分析。本章主要基于货物贸易商品和服务贸易的出口结构数据,运用现代计量分析方法的VAR模型分析法,分析了全球和主要贸易国具体商品贸易与服务贸易以及主要部门服务贸易与货物贸易之间的互动协调发展情况,结果表明全球和部分主要的贸易大国的具体商品贸易与服务贸易以及主要部门服务贸易与货物贸易之间存在互动均衡的发展机制,尤其是工业制成品贸易和服务贸易以及生产性或新兴服务贸易与货物贸易之间的相互促进关系显著,并通过向量误差模型分析法分析了相应的短期波动机制。同时,运用运用脉冲响应函数和方差分解较好地测度了具体商品贸易与服务贸易以及主要部门服务贸易与货物贸易之间的交互影响关系。这些实证研究的结论有力地支撑了关于服务贸易与货物贸易协调发展的理论分析结果。
第六章,中国服务贸易与货物贸易的协调发展分析。本章在对中国服务贸易与货物贸易发展现状进行分析的基础上,运用相关的具体商品贸易和主要部门服务贸易的出口数据,通过VAR模型分析法分析了中国具体商品贸易与服务贸易以及主要部门服务贸易与货物贸易的互动发展情况,并对其短期波动机制和交互影响情况进行分析,指出与主要贸易大国相比,中国服务贸易与货物贸易之间互动协调发展的程度有待提高,其领域有待拓展。最后,在上述分析的基础,对中国服务贸易和货物贸易协调发展存在的问题进行剖析,并提出一些对策思考,以期能够转变中国外贸增长方式,提升外贸竞争力,为中国服务贸易与货物贸易协调发展提供些许有价值的政策参考和借鉴。
第七章,研究结论和后续研究展望。在前述各章研究分析的基础上,总结全文的主要研究结论和不足之处,并对后续的研究进行展望。
World trade consists of trade in services and trade in goods. There are close contacts between trade in services and trade in goods. Trade in services derives from trade in goods and trade in goods arises before Trade in services. Moreover, the development of trade in goods can drive the development of Trade in services and conversely the development of Trade in services can also further the development of trade in goods. Early the scale of Trade in services is very small and its roles in the global business is relatively limited. So people often substitites world trade with trade in goods and ignores the importance of Trade in services. But with the economic and technical development and improving of people’s living standards, people pay more and more importance to the development of sevices industry and trade in services. Since 1970s,The growth rate of trade in services has exceeded the rate of growth of trade in goods, its position in international trade has increased significantly and its role in boosting economic development has become increasingly prominent, which catch the government and academic attention in this area. In particular, since the implementation of GATS (GATS) under the Uruguay Round of GATT negotiations and after the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the development of trade in services has gotten academic and policy attention widely. However, the development of trade in services, whether in theory or in practice, are behind the trade in goods. At the same time, trade in services between countries also showed great imbalance. The countries of Large-scale trade in goods have relatively large scale trade in services, which illustrates the development of trade in services is very uneven in the region. And to a country's internal, thedevelopment of trade in services and trade in goods is also with the problem of unbalanced. Such as countries with surpluses of goods, they have a deficit in trade in services and trade in services in the nations of trade deficit of goods is surplus. How to realize the coordinated development between trade in goods and trade in services becomes vital to these countries.
As the world's second largest country of trade in goods, China has a rapid development, certain competitive advantage and a surplus in trade in goods for years. In contrast, the development of trade in services in China is more backward.Its overall competitiveness is not strong and balance is deficit for years. With the rapid development and sustained surplus of trade in goods, trade friction between China and many other trading partners is being aggravated, the recent financial crisis makes trade protectionism spread and the era of low-carbon economy is forthcoming, which makes China's development of Trade in Goods face a severe test. It has being China Cheng problems to be solved that How to change the increasing model of China’s foreign trade, optimize trade structure and maintain the role of foreign trade in economic growth. This also provides China with a good opportunity to develop trade in services , enhance our position in the international division of labor and coordinate the development between trade in services and trade in goods.
Based on the above considerations, this paper views the harmonious development between trade in services and trade in goods as a research subject. By the use of economics, theory of international trade and theory of econometrics, this paper analysises relatively more mature theory of trade in goods, Explore its applicability of the field of trade in services and the development of theory of trade in services and expand comparison and comprehensive study on the basis of this in oder to in-depth analysis the relative theory and specific mechanisms of guiding the coordinated development between trade in services and have an empirical study on it according to the actual trade situation. The specific contents of this paper is divided into seven chapters of:
Chapter I, Introduction. This chapter briefly describes the research background and significance of the paper, summarizes the relevant research results on based on the coordinated development between trade in services and trade in goods at home and abroad and puts forward the basic content ,structure, research methods and innovations in this paper.
Chapter II, the relevant theory of the development of trade in services and goods. This chapter introduces the concept,characteristics and classification of service-related, sort out the development of theory of trade in goods and then analysises the applicability of theory of trade in goods in the fields of trade in services acoording to the special nature of trade in services and its own theoretic development.
Chapter III, the theoretic annlysis on the harmonious development between trade in services and trade in goods. this chapter Summarizes the relevant theory of the coordinated development between trade in services and trade in goods , focuses on the Deardorff model and service chain theory related to the coordinated development and analysises the specific mechanisms of their coordinated development on the basis of it. Also, this chapter shows that the development of trade in goods can promote the development of trade in services from the faces of the supply, demand and policy management and the development of trade in services can further the development of trade in goods mainly through the providing trade facilitation services with trade in goods, promoting innovation of transaction process, reducing transaction costs and serving the global layout of commodity production.
Chapter IV, the analysis on the harmonious development between trade in services and trade in goods from the total trade amount. This chapter briefly describes the development status of the global trade in goods and trade in services and tests balanced development of long-term interactions and self-repair mechanism of short-term fluctuations between them from the export data of the global and major trading nations by using of modern methods of econometrics, cointegration and error correction analysis . Test results show that balanced development of long-term interactions between them in the global and some of the major trading nations exists and short-term deviation from the equilibrium state of long-term interaction can be self-repaired, which better supports the theoretic findings on t the coordinated development between them .
Chapter V, the analysis on the harmonious development between trade in services and trade in goods from the trade structure. This chapter briefly describes the coordinated development status between trade in goods and trade in services of the global and major trading nations from export structure data through the use of VAR model method. Test results show that balanced development of long-term interactions between specific categories of merchandise trade and trade in services or key sectors of trade in services and trade in goods in the global and some of the major trading nations exists,especially between trade in manufactured goods and trade in services or emerging trade in services and trade in goods trade. Test results also show the corresponding mechanism for short-term fluctuations through the use of the vector error correction model. At the same time, this chapter better measures the specific interaction mechanism between Specific categories of merchandise trade and trade in services or Key sectors of trade in services and trade in goods by using of impulse response function and variance decomposition model.These results better support the theoretic findings on t the coordinated development between trade in services and trade in goods .
Chapter VI, the analysis on the harmonious development between China’s trade in services and trade in goods. This chapter briefly describes the development status of China’s trade in goods and trade in services , annlysises the coordinated development status between China’s specific categories of merchandise trade and trade in services or key sectors of trade in services and trade in goods from China’s export structure data through the use of VAR model and points out their self-repair mechanism of short-term fluctuations and interaction mechanism. Compared with the major trading powers, this chapter also shows China's degree of coordinated development between trade in services and rade in goods should be improved and their area of coordinated development should be expanded. Finally, based on these research results, this chapter annlysises the problems of the coordinated development between China's trade in services and trade in goods and some countermeasures in order to change increasing model of China’s foreign trade, enhance its competitiveness and provide some valuable reference for China's policy of foreign trade on the harmonious development between trade in goods and trade in services.
Chapter VII, conlusions and prospects. based on research and analysis in the previous chapters, this chapter summarizes the Conclusions of the main research findings and inadequacy and points out the future research orientation.
引文
1李静萍.影响国际服务贸易的宏观因素[J].经济理论与经济管理,2002,(11):14-17.
2周燕,郑甘澎.货物贸易与服务贸易:总量互补与差额替代关系[J].亚太经济,2007,(2):93-96.
3郑吉昌.基于服务经济的服务业与制造业的关系[J].数里经济技术研究,2003,(12):110-112.
1 Melvin. James R.(1989).Trade in producer services :A Heckscher-Ohlin approach. Journal of political Economy,97(5):1180—1196.
2谢康.货物贸易与服务贸易互补性的实证分析[J].国际贸易问题,2000(9):47-52.
3周燕,郑甘澎.货物贸易与服务贸易:总量互补与差额替代关系[J].亚太经济,2007,(2):93-96.
4程南洋,余金花.中国货物贸易与服务贸易结构变动的相关性检验:1997一2005[J].亚太经济,2007, (1):94-97.
1 Francois, Joseph F., Trade in Producer Services and Returns due to Specialization and the Monopolistic Competition, Canada Journal of Economics, 1990, 23: 109-124.
2 Jones, R. and Kierzkowski, H.. The Role of Services in Production and International Trade: A Theoretical Framework, in the Political Economy of International Trade, Basil Blackwell Inc. pp. 31-48,1990.
3 Markusen J.R.. National and International Return to Scale in the Modern Theory of International Trade. American Economic Review, Vol. 72, 1982.
4 Alan V. Deardorff.. International Provision of Trade Services, Trade, and Fragmentation, the University of Michigan, 2001.
1 Sichei,Harmse and Kanfer.Determinants of South Africa-U.S. Intra-Industry Trade in Services,mineo,2006.
2夏晴.论货物贸易与服务贸易的协同发展[J] .国际贸易问题,2004,(8):17-21..
3曲风杰.优化结构与协调发展-发展服务贸易与转变我国外贸增长方式的战略措施[J].国际贸易,2006(1):28-32.
4胡景岩.货物贸易与服务贸易的相关性曲线[J].国际贸易,2008,(6):36-38.
1邵渭洪,孙敏.国际服务贸易理论与政策[M].上海:上海财经大学出版社,2009版,第11页.
2陈宪,程大中.国际服务贸易[M].上海:立信会计出版社,2007,第11页.
1邵渭洪,孙敏.国际服务贸易理论与政策[M].上海:上海财经大学出版社,2009版,第10页.
1邵渭洪,孙敏.国际服务贸易理论与政策[M].上海:上海财经大学出版社,2009版,第13页.
1尹翔硕,尹翔康译.市场结构与对外贸易[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2009,第47页.
2柴忠东,施慧家.新新贸易理论新在何处.国际经贸探索[J],2008,(12):15.
3樊瑛.国际贸易中的异质企业:一个文献综述.财贸经济[J],2008,(2):125.
1 Hindley,B. and Smith,A..Comparative Advantage and Trade in Sercices,The World Economy,1984,Vol.7:369-389.
2 Deardoff,A.. Comparative Advantage and International Trade and Investment in Services,in R. M. Stern(ed.),Trade and Investment in Services:Canada /U.S. Perspectives,Toronto:Ontario Economic Council,1985,39-71.
1 Melvin,R..Trade in Producer Services: A Heckscher-Ohlin Approach,Journal of Political Economy,1989,Vol.97,No.5,pp.1180-1196.
2 Spair A, Lutz E. Trade in Service:Economic Determinants and Development Related Issues. World Bank Staff Working Paper. No.410,1981.
1 Burgess,D..Is Trade Liberalization in the Service Sector in the National Interest? Oxford Economic Papers, 1995,47:60-78.
2 Bhagwati,J.N.,Why Are Services Cheaper in the Poor Countries ?Economic Journal,1984,94:279-286.
3 Dick, R. and Dicke, H..Patterns of Trade in Knowledge, in H. Giersch(ed.), International Economic Development and Resource Transfer, Tubigen: J.C.B Mohr,1979.
1 Sapir,A. and Lutz,E..Trade in Services:Economic Determinants and Development Related Issues, World Bank Staff Working Paper No.474, World Bank, Washington, DC, 1981.
2 Sagari, S.B., International Trade in Financial Services, Policy, Planning, and Research Working Papers, The World Bank, January 1989.
3 Falvey, R. and Gemmell, N.. A Formationlization and Test if the Factor Productivity Explanation of International Differences in Services Prices, International Economic Review, 1996,Vol.37, No. 1: 85-102.
1 Markusen, James R. .Trade in Producer Services and in Other Specialized Intermediate Inputs, American Economic Review, 1989, 79:85-95. Rivera-Batiz, Francisco and Luis A..Rivera-Batiz, Europe 1992 and the Liberalization of Direct Investment Flows:Services versus Manufacturing, International Economic Journal, 1992,6:45-57. Van Marrewijk, Charles, Joachim Stibora, and Albert de val..Services Tradability,Trade Liberalization, and Foreign Direct Investment, Economica, 1996, 63:611-631. Dixit, A.K. and Stiglitz, J.E.. Monopoliostic Competition and Optimum Product Diversity, American Review, 1997, Vol, 67:297-308.
2 Francois, Joseph F., Trade in Producer Services and Returns due to Specialization and the Monopolistic Competition, Canada Journal of Economics, 1990, 23: 109-124. Wong, C., Wu, J., and Zhang, A.. Amodel of Trade Liberalization in Services, Review of International Economics, 2006, 14(1):148-168.
3 Kierzkowski, H.. Modeling International Transportation Services, International Monetary Fund Research Paper DM/86/35, 1986. Francois, Joseph F. and Ian Wooton.. Market Structure, Trade liberalization and the GATS, European Journal of Political Economy, 2001c, 17: 389-402. Francois, Joseph F. and Ian Wooton.. Trade in International Transport Services: the Role of Competition, Review of Intenational Economics, 2001b, 9: 249-261. Wong, C., Wu, J., and Zhang, A.. Amodel of Trade Liberalization in Services, Review of International Economics, 2006, 14(1):148-168.
1 Markusen, James R. .Trade in Producer Services and in Other Specialized Intermediate Inputs, American Economic Review, 1989, 79:85-95.
2 Francois, Joseph F., Trade in Producer Services and Returns due to Specialization and the Monopolistic Competition, Canada Journal of Economics, 1990, 23: 109-124.
3 Wong, C., Wu, J., and Zhang, A.. Amodel of Trade Liberalization in Services, Review of International Economics, 2006, 14(1):148-168.
4 Francois,J.. Explainning the Pattern of Trade in Producer Services, Internationakl Economic Journal, 1993,Vol. 7, No. 3: 23-31.
5 Lee, H. and Lloyd, P.J.. Intra-Industry Trade in Services, in P.J. Lloyd and Lee, H.H (eds.), Frontiers of Research in Intra-Industry Trade, London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002, 159-179.
1 Sichei, M., Harmse, C., and Kanfer, F.. Determinants of South Afica-U.S. Intra-Industry Trade in Services, mimeo, 2006.
2 Feenstra, Robert, C.. Integration of Trade and Disintegration of Production in the Global Economy, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 1998, 12: 31-50.
3程大中.国际服务贸易学[M].上海:复旦大学出版社.2010,第218页.
4 Grossman G. and Helpman E.. Outsourcing in a Global Economy, NBER Working Paper No. 8728, January 2002.
1 Jones, R. and Kierzkowski, H.. The Role of Services in Production and International Trade: A Theoretical Framework, in the Political Economy of International Trade, Basil Blackwell Inc. pp. 31-48,1990.
2三种优势在主要服务行业中的具体体现可以参考:The Center on Transnational Corporation:Foreign Direct Investment and Transnational Corporation in Services, United Nations Publication ,1989.
1迈克尔﹒波特.国家竞争优势.北京:华夏出版社,,2000年,第244-256页.
2程大中.国际服务贸易学[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2010,第244-247页.
1 Alan V. Deardorff.. International Provision of Trade Services, Trade, and Fragmentation, the University of Michigan, 2001.
1 Ethier, W.. National and International Returns ti Scale in the Modern Theory of International Trade. The American Economic Review, Vol. 72, No. 3, June 1982, pp. 389-405.
2 Vernon, R.. International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle, Quarterly Joutnal of Economics, 80, 1996, pp. 190-207.
1贝兆建,高炜宇.WTO与服务贸易-加快上海现代服务业发展的思考[M].上海:文汇出版社,2006,第8-10页.
1裴长洪,彭磊.中国服务业与服务贸易[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2008年,第221页.
1 Hummels, D.. Time as a Trade Barrier. Purdue University, mimeo, 2000.
2 Baier, S.L. and Bergstrand, J.H.. The Growth of World Trade: Tarriffs, Transport Costs and Income Similarity. Journal of International Economics, 53, 2001.
1联合国贸发会议:《电子商务与发展报告》,2002.
1 Markusen J.R.. National and International Return to Scale in the Modern Theory of International Trade. American Economic Review, Vol. 72, 1982.
1高铁梅.计量经济分析方法与建模[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2009年,第178-179页.
1谢识予,朱弘鑫.高级计量经济学[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2005年,第160页.
1高铁梅.计量经济分析方法与建模[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2009年,第291页.
[1]贝兆建,高炜宇.WTO与服务贸易-加快上海现代服务业发展的思考[M].上海:文汇出版社,2006,第8-10页.
[2]陈兆军.对服务贸易与货物贸易互补性问题的再研究[J].对外经济贸易大学学报,2001,(4):48-53.
[3]程大中,陈宪.服务贸易理论研究:现实基础、总体状况及初步设想[J].上海经济研究2000,(12):59-64.
[4]陈宪,程大中.国际服务贸易[M].上海:立信会计出版社,2007,第11页.
[5]陈文玲.认识发展服务贸易的战略意义[J].商业研究,2008,(7):1-5.
[6]程大中.国际服务贸易学[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2007年.
[7]陈丽丽.国际贸易理论研究的新动向[J].国际贸易问题,2008,(3):119-123.
[8]程南洋,余金花.中国货物贸易与服务贸易结构变动的相关性检验:1997-2005 [J].亚太经济,2007,(1):94-97.
[9]柴忠东,施慧家.新新贸易理论新在何处.国际经贸探索[J],2008,(12):15.
[10]董有德,马力.我国不同部门服务贸易对经济增长的影响机制研究—基于1982-2006年数据的实证分析[J].世界经济研究,2009,(2):47-52.
[11]樊瑛.国际贸易中的异质企业:一个文献综述.财贸经济[J],2008,(2):125.
[12]高铁梅.计量经济分析方法与建模[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2009年.
[13]黄建忠,杨扬.服务贸易壁垒测量的体系与框架[J].亚太经济,2009,(1):49-53.
[14]胡景岩.货物贸易与服务贸易的相关性曲线[J].国际贸易,2008,(6):36-38.
[15]海闻.国际贸易理论的新发展[J].经济研究,1995,(7):67-73.
[16]胡笑寒,余清原.发展中经济体货物贸易对服务贸易的影响[J].商业时代,2009,(9):23-24.
[17]黄云强.服务贸易与货物贸易的关系研究[D].上海:华东师范大学商学院,2008.
[18]江维.服务贸易的动态发展模型研究—兼对中国数据的实证检验[J].财经研究,2008,(2):133.
[19]纪昀.从新古典到新兴古典:国际贸易理论的最新发展[J].世界经济研究,2000,(1):83-87.
[20]姜义茂.服务贸易发展的基本规律和我国的战略抉择[J].财贸经济,2007,(7):92-94.
[21]孔祥荣.世界服务贸易发展趋势与中国服务贸易发展[J].理论学刊,2008,(9):50-53.
[22]李秉强,逯宇铎.服务贸易与货物贸易的替代性及差异分析[J].财贸研究,2009,(1):55-60.
[23]联合国贸发会议:《电子商务与发展报告》,2002.
[24]李静萍.影响国际服务贸易的宏观因素[J].经济理论与经济管理,2002,(11):14-17.
[25]陆锦周,汪小勤.全球服务贸易与货物贸易发展的协调性分析[J].国际贸易问题,2009,(3):85-91.
[26]刘青海,张志超,蔡伟贤.本土市场效应、空间政策和就业增长[J].《财经科学》,2009(6):55-62.
[27]鲁晓东.我国服务贸易竞争力的实证分析[J].国际经贸探索,2007,(10):23-27.
[28]陆燕.当前世界服务贸易发展的基本特征[J].国际贸易,2008,(6):39-43.
[29]李宗凯,毛永彪.现代国际贸易理论的发展及其评价[J].财经科学,1998,(5):29-31.
[30]蒙英华,黄建忠.服务贸易提供四模式交互影响的实证研究—基于美国服务贸易出口数据的考察[J].财贸经济,2008,(9):85-90.
[31]蒙英华,黄建忠.服务贸易提供模式及其比较优势研究[J].亚太经济,2009,(3):77-81.
[32]迈克尔﹒波特.国家竞争优势[M].北京:华夏出版社, 2000年.
[33]彭莹,陆甦颖.我国服务贸易发展研究综述[J].江苏商论,2007,(10):77-78.
[34]裴长洪,彭磊.中国服务业与服务贸易[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2008年,第221页.
[35]曲风杰.优化结构与协调发展-发展服务贸易与转变我国外贸增长方式的战略措施[J].国际贸易,2006(1):28-32.
[36]尚涛,郭根龙,冯宗宪.我国服务贸易自由化与经济增长的关系研究—基于脉冲响应函数方法的分析[J].国际贸易问题,2007,(8):92-98.
[37]邵渭洪,孙敏.国际服务贸易理论与政策[M].上海:上海财经大学出版社,2009版,第11页.
[38]邵渭洪,孙敏.国际服务贸易理论与政策[M].上海:上海财经大学出版社,2009版,第10页.
[39]唐宜红,林发勤.服务贸易对中国外贸增长方式转变的作用分析[J].世界经济研究,2009,(3):3-8.
[40]王铁山,冯宗宪.服务贸易中的自然人流动壁垒:发展中国家的视角[J].国际贸易,2008,(1):32-36.
[41]王晓先.服务贸易壁垒与货物贸易壁垒的比较[J].生产力研究,2007,(24):19-22.
[42]徐桂民,綦建红,鞠磊.国际服务贸易自由化的收益和成本[J].生产力研究,2007,(20):9-11.
[43]谢康.货物贸易与服务贸易互补性的实证分析-兼论中美贸易不平衡的实质[J] .国际贸易问题,2000(9):47-52.
[44]夏晴.论货物贸易与服务贸易的协同发展[J] .国际贸易问题,2004,(8):17-21.
[45]谢识予,朱弘鑫.高级计量经济学[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2005年.
[46]薛田.国际贸易理论的发展对中国发展对外贸易的启示[J].经济论坛,2008,(6):65-66.
[47]夏正荣.提升我国服务贸易国际竞争力.国际商务研究,2007,(6):20-25.
[48]殷凤,陈宪.国际服务贸易影响因素与我国服务贸易国际竞争力研究[J].国际贸易问题,2009,(2):61-69.
[49]杨锦权,王迎新.国际服务贸易提供方式:一个理论的研究视角[J].财贸经济,2007,(5):33-38.
[50]尹翔硕,尹翔康译.市场结构与对外贸易[M] .上海:上海人民出版社,2009,第47页.
[51]袁永娜.外商直接投资于中国服务贸易关系的实证分析[J].世界经济研究,2007,(9):56-62.
[52]闫奕荣.服务贸易比较优势理论综述[J].经济师,2004,(10):71.
[53]张帆,潘佐红.本土市场效应及其对中国省间生产和贸易的影响[J].《经济学季刊》,2006(1):307-328.
[54]郑辉,张捷.服务贸易与商品贸易的互补性及贸易平衡新解[J].国际经贸探索,2008,(5).
[55]庄惠明,黄建忠.国际贸易理论的演化:维度、路径与逻辑[J] .国际贸易问题,2008(11):123-128.
[56]张建萍,孙莹.服务贸易四种提供方式对GDP增长贡献的比较[J].浙江经济,2009,(10):56-57.
[57]庄丽娟,陈翠兰.我国服务贸易与货物贸易的动态相关性研究—基于脉冲响应函数方法的实证分析[J].国际贸易问题,2009,(2):54-60.
[58]赵书华,张弓.对服务贸易研究角度的探索—基于生产要素密集度对服务贸易行业的分类[J].财贸经济,2009,(3):91-95.
[59]赵放,冯晓玲.中美服务贸易国际竞争力比较分析—兼论中国服务贸易结构性失衡[J].世界经济研究,2007,(9):42-48.
[60]郑吉昌.基于服务经济的服务业与制造业的关系[J].数里经济技术研究,2003,(12):110-112.
[61]郑宁,崔丽萍,方彦辉.新贸易理论的主要观点及其对国际贸易理论发展的意义[J].财经界,2006,(9):206.
[62]张岩.服务贸易国际竞争力的理论分析与对策[J].求索,2004,(3):12-14 .
[63]周燕,郑甘澍.货物贸易与服务贸易:总量互补与差额替代关系[J].亚太经济,2007,(2) :93-96 .
[1]Alan V. Deardorff. Special Section: the New International Trade Agenda and the WTO[J] .Review of International Economics ,9(2).
[2]Alan V. Deardorff.. International Provision of Trade Services, Trade, and Fragmentation, theUniversity of Michigan, 2001.
[3] Alan V. Deardoff,A.. Comparative Advantage and International Trade and Investment in Services,in R. M. Stern(ed.),Trade and Investment in Services:Canada /U.S. Perspectives,Toronto:Ontario Economic Council,1985,39-71.
[4]Amiti M.Inter-industrial Trade in Manufactures: Does Country Size Matter? [J] . Journal of International Economics ,1998(44).
[5]Amiti M.New Trade Theories and Industrial Location in The EU: A survey of Evidence[J] .Oxford Review of Economics Policy,1998,14(2).
[6]B.Ghosh.Gains from global linkages: trade in services and movements of persons[J] . St.Martin's Press,Inc. Paper 1005,2005(9).
[5]Bhagwati,.N.,Why Are Services Cheaper in the Poor Countries ?Economic Journal,1984,94:279-286.
[7]Baier, S.L. and Bergstrand, J.H.. The Growth of World Trade: Tarriffs, Transport Costs and Income Similarity. Journal of International Economics, 53, 2001.
[8]Burgess,D..Is Trade Liberalization in the Service Sector in the National Interest? Oxford Economic Papers, 1995,47:60-78.
[9]Colleen Cardillo. Foreign Affiliate Trade Statistics– 1999 :How Goods and Services are Delivered in International Markets[R] .Balance of Payments Division, Statistics Canada.
[10]Daniel Mirza and Giuseppe Nicoletti.What is so Special about Trade in Services? [R] . University of Nottingham Research Paper ,2004(2).
[11]Davis, D. and D. Weinstein. Economic Geography and Regional Production Structure:An Empirical Investigation, European Economic Review,1999,43(2).
[12]Davis,D. The Home Market, Trade and Industrial Structure[J] . American Review,1998,88(5).
[13]Dick, R. and Dicke, H..Patterns of Trade in Knowledge, in H. Giersch(ed.), International Economic Development and Resource Transfer, Tubigen: J.C.B Mohr,1979.
[14]Dixit, A.K. and Stiglitz, J.E.. Monopoliostic Competition and Optimum Product Diversity, American Review, 1997, Vol, 67:297-308.
[15]Ethier, W.. National and International Returns ti Scale in the Modern Theory of International Trade. The American Economic Review, Vol. 72, No. 3, June 1982, pp. 389-405.
[16]Falvey, R. and Gemmell, N.. A Formationlization and Test if the Factor Productivity Explanation of International Differences in Services Prices, International Economic Review, 1996,Vol.37, No. 1: 85-102.
[17]Freenstra, Robert c., Markusen , James R. and Rose, Andrew K. Understanding the Home Market Effect and the Gravity Equation: The Role of Differentiating Goods[R .National Bureau ofEconomic Research(Cambridge, MA) Working Paper No. 6804, November 1998.
[18]Feenstra, Robert, C.. Integration of Trade and Disintegration of Production in the Global Economy, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 1998, 12: 31-50.
[19]Francois.Trade in Producer Services and Returns due to specialization under Monopolistic Competition[J] .Canadian Journal of Economics,1990.
[20]Francois, Joseph F. and Ian Wooton.. Market Structure, Trade liberalization and the GATS, European Journal of Political Economy, 2001c, 17: 389-402.
[21]Francois, Joseph F. and Ian Wooton.. Trade in International Transport Services: the Role of Competition, Review of Intenational Economics, 2001b, 9: 249-261.
[22]Francois,J.. Explainning the Pattern of Trade in Producer Services, Internationakl Economic Journal, 1993,Vol. 7, No. 3: 23-31.
[23]Fujita, M., P. Krugman, and A. Venables.The Spatial Economy: Cities, Regions, and International Trade[J] . Cambridge, MA: MIT Press,2000.
[24]Gary Hufbauer and Sherry Stephenson. Service Trade: Past Liberalization and Future Challenges[J] . Journal of International Economic Law ,10(3).
[25]George Verikios, Global Gains from Liberalizing Tradein Telecommunications and Financial Services [R] .Productivity Commission Staff Research Paper No.1683.
[26]Greg McGuire. Trade in Services-Market Access Opportunities and the Benefits of Liberalization for Developing economics[J] .Senior Economist,2001.
[27]Grossman G. and Helpman E.. Outsourcing in a Global Economy, NBER Working Paper No. 8728, January 2002.
[28]Hanson, G. and X. Chong. The Home Market Effect and Bilateral Trade patterns[J] .American Economic Review,2004, 94(4).
[29]Head, K., and J. Ries, Increasing Returns Versus National Product Differentiation as an Explanation for the pattern of US-Canada Trade[J] . American Economic Review, 2001, 91(4).
[30]Helpman,E.and P.Krugman.Market Structure and Foreign Trade[R] .Cambridge(Mass):MIT Press,1985.
[31]Hindley,B. and Smith,A..Comparative Advantage and Trade in Sercices , The World Economy,1984,Vol.7:369-389.
[32]Hoekman,B. and C. A. Braga. Protection and Trade in Services: A Survey[J] .Open Economies Review 8.
[33]Hummels, D.. Time as a Trade Barrier. Purdue University, mimeo, 2000.
[34]Jocelyn Magdeleine, Andreas Maurer. Measuring GATS Mode 4 Trade Flows,World Trade OrganizationEconomic[R] .Research and Statistics Division,Staff Working Paper ERSD,2008(5).
[35]Jones, R., W. and Ruane. F. Appraising the Options for International Trade in Services[J] .Oxford Economic Review 79.
[36]Jones, R. and Kierzkowski, H.. The Role of Services in Production and International Trade: A Theoretical Framework, in the Political Economy of International Trade, Basil Blackwell Inc. pp. 31-48,1990.
[37]Kierzkowski, H.. Modeling International Transportation Services, International Monetary Fund Research Paper DM/86/35, 1986.
[38]Lee, H. and Lloyd, P.J.. Intra-Industry Trade in Services, in P.J. Lloyd and Lee, H.H (eds.), Frontiers of Research in Intra-Industry Trade, London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002, 159-179.
[39]Markusen, J. R .and A.J.Venables.The Theory of Endowment, Intra-industry and Multi-national Trade[J] .Journal ofInternational Economics 52.
[40]Markusen, James R. .Trade in Producer Services and in Other Specialized Intermediate Inputs, American Economic Review, 1989, 79:85-75.
[41]Marrewijk, C.V., Stibora, J. and A.D. Vaal. Services Tradability, Trade Liberalization and Foreign Direct Investment[J] . Economics ,1996(63).
[42]Melvin, J. R. Trade in Producer Services: A Heckscher-Ohlin Approach[J] .Journal of Political Economy ,1989(97).
[43]Rivera-Batiz, Francisco and Luis A..Rivera-Batiz, Europe 1992 and the Liberalization of Direct Investment Flows:Services versus Manufacturing, International Economic Journal, 1992,6:45-57.
[44]R.J.Langhammer. North-south trade in services: some empirical evidence, In H.Giersch(ed),Services in World Economic Growth[J] .Tbingen,1996.
[45]Robinson, S., Wang, Z. and W. Martin. Capturing the Implications of Services Trade Liberalization[J] .Economic SystemsResearch,2002( 14).
[46]Rubén Segura-Cayuela and Josep M. Vilarrubia. The Effect of Foreign Service on Trade Volumes and Trade Partners[J] .Banco De Espana, Madrid, 2008.
[47]Sagari, S.B., International Trade in Financial Services, Policy, Planning, and Research Working Papers, The World Bank, January 1989.
[48]Sherman Robinson, Zhi Wang, Will Marin. Capturing the Implications of Services Trade Liberalization[J] . Economic Systems Research ,2002,3(1).
[49]Sichei,Harmse and Kanfer.Determinants of South Africa-U.S. Intra-Industry Trade in Services,mineo,2006.
[50] Slobodan Djajic and Henryk Kierzkoeski.Goods, Services and Trade,Graduate Institute ofInternational Studies[J] .Geneva Final version, 1988.
[51]Sapir A. Trade in services: Policy lssues for the eighties[J].Columbia Journal of World Business, 1982 (79).
[52]Spair A, Lutz E. Trade in Service:Economic Determinants and Development Related Issues. World Bank Staff Working Paper. No.410,1981.
[53]Van Marrewijk, Charles, Joachim Stibora, and Albert de val..Services Tradability,Trade Liberalization, and Foreign Direct Investment, Economica, 1996, 63:611-631.
[54]Vernon, R.. International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle, Quarterly Joutnal of Economics, 80, 1996, pp. 190-207.
2周燕,郑甘澎.货物贸易与服务贸易:总量互补与差额替代关系[J].亚太经济,2007,(2):93-96.
3郑吉昌.基于服务经济的服务业与制造业的关系[J].数里经济技术研究,2003,(12):110-112.
1 Melvin. James R.(1989).Trade in producer services :A Heckscher-Ohlin approach. Journal of political Economy,97(5):1180—1196.
2谢康.货物贸易与服务贸易互补性的实证分析[J].国际贸易问题,2000(9):47-52.
3周燕,郑甘澎.货物贸易与服务贸易:总量互补与差额替代关系[J].亚太经济,2007,(2):93-96.
4程南洋,余金花.中国货物贸易与服务贸易结构变动的相关性检验:1997一2005[J].亚太经济,2007, (1):94-97.
1 Francois, Joseph F., Trade in Producer Services and Returns due to Specialization and the Monopolistic Competition, Canada Journal of Economics, 1990, 23: 109-124.
2 Jones, R. and Kierzkowski, H.. The Role of Services in Production and International Trade: A Theoretical Framework, in the Political Economy of International Trade, Basil Blackwell Inc. pp. 31-48,1990.
3 Markusen J.R.. National and International Return to Scale in the Modern Theory of International Trade. American Economic Review, Vol. 72, 1982.
4 Alan V. Deardorff.. International Provision of Trade Services, Trade, and Fragmentation, the University of Michigan, 2001.
1 Sichei,Harmse and Kanfer.Determinants of South Africa-U.S. Intra-Industry Trade in Services,mineo,2006.
2夏晴.论货物贸易与服务贸易的协同发展[J] .国际贸易问题,2004,(8):17-21..
3曲风杰.优化结构与协调发展-发展服务贸易与转变我国外贸增长方式的战略措施[J].国际贸易,2006(1):28-32.
4胡景岩.货物贸易与服务贸易的相关性曲线[J].国际贸易,2008,(6):36-38.
1邵渭洪,孙敏.国际服务贸易理论与政策[M].上海:上海财经大学出版社,2009版,第11页.
2陈宪,程大中.国际服务贸易[M].上海:立信会计出版社,2007,第11页.
1邵渭洪,孙敏.国际服务贸易理论与政策[M].上海:上海财经大学出版社,2009版,第10页.
1邵渭洪,孙敏.国际服务贸易理论与政策[M].上海:上海财经大学出版社,2009版,第13页.
1尹翔硕,尹翔康译.市场结构与对外贸易[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2009,第47页.
2柴忠东,施慧家.新新贸易理论新在何处.国际经贸探索[J],2008,(12):15.
3樊瑛.国际贸易中的异质企业:一个文献综述.财贸经济[J],2008,(2):125.
1 Hindley,B. and Smith,A..Comparative Advantage and Trade in Sercices,The World Economy,1984,Vol.7:369-389.
2 Deardoff,A.. Comparative Advantage and International Trade and Investment in Services,in R. M. Stern(ed.),Trade and Investment in Services:Canada /U.S. Perspectives,Toronto:Ontario Economic Council,1985,39-71.
1 Melvin,R..Trade in Producer Services: A Heckscher-Ohlin Approach,Journal of Political Economy,1989,Vol.97,No.5,pp.1180-1196.
2 Spair A, Lutz E. Trade in Service:Economic Determinants and Development Related Issues. World Bank Staff Working Paper. No.410,1981.
1 Burgess,D..Is Trade Liberalization in the Service Sector in the National Interest? Oxford Economic Papers, 1995,47:60-78.
2 Bhagwati,J.N.,Why Are Services Cheaper in the Poor Countries ?Economic Journal,1984,94:279-286.
3 Dick, R. and Dicke, H..Patterns of Trade in Knowledge, in H. Giersch(ed.), International Economic Development and Resource Transfer, Tubigen: J.C.B Mohr,1979.
1 Sapir,A. and Lutz,E..Trade in Services:Economic Determinants and Development Related Issues, World Bank Staff Working Paper No.474, World Bank, Washington, DC, 1981.
2 Sagari, S.B., International Trade in Financial Services, Policy, Planning, and Research Working Papers, The World Bank, January 1989.
3 Falvey, R. and Gemmell, N.. A Formationlization and Test if the Factor Productivity Explanation of International Differences in Services Prices, International Economic Review, 1996,Vol.37, No. 1: 85-102.
1 Markusen, James R. .Trade in Producer Services and in Other Specialized Intermediate Inputs, American Economic Review, 1989, 79:85-95. Rivera-Batiz, Francisco and Luis A..Rivera-Batiz, Europe 1992 and the Liberalization of Direct Investment Flows:Services versus Manufacturing, International Economic Journal, 1992,6:45-57. Van Marrewijk, Charles, Joachim Stibora, and Albert de val..Services Tradability,Trade Liberalization, and Foreign Direct Investment, Economica, 1996, 63:611-631. Dixit, A.K. and Stiglitz, J.E.. Monopoliostic Competition and Optimum Product Diversity, American Review, 1997, Vol, 67:297-308.
2 Francois, Joseph F., Trade in Producer Services and Returns due to Specialization and the Monopolistic Competition, Canada Journal of Economics, 1990, 23: 109-124. Wong, C., Wu, J., and Zhang, A.. Amodel of Trade Liberalization in Services, Review of International Economics, 2006, 14(1):148-168.
3 Kierzkowski, H.. Modeling International Transportation Services, International Monetary Fund Research Paper DM/86/35, 1986. Francois, Joseph F. and Ian Wooton.. Market Structure, Trade liberalization and the GATS, European Journal of Political Economy, 2001c, 17: 389-402. Francois, Joseph F. and Ian Wooton.. Trade in International Transport Services: the Role of Competition, Review of Intenational Economics, 2001b, 9: 249-261. Wong, C., Wu, J., and Zhang, A.. Amodel of Trade Liberalization in Services, Review of International Economics, 2006, 14(1):148-168.
1 Markusen, James R. .Trade in Producer Services and in Other Specialized Intermediate Inputs, American Economic Review, 1989, 79:85-95.
2 Francois, Joseph F., Trade in Producer Services and Returns due to Specialization and the Monopolistic Competition, Canada Journal of Economics, 1990, 23: 109-124.
3 Wong, C., Wu, J., and Zhang, A.. Amodel of Trade Liberalization in Services, Review of International Economics, 2006, 14(1):148-168.
4 Francois,J.. Explainning the Pattern of Trade in Producer Services, Internationakl Economic Journal, 1993,Vol. 7, No. 3: 23-31.
5 Lee, H. and Lloyd, P.J.. Intra-Industry Trade in Services, in P.J. Lloyd and Lee, H.H (eds.), Frontiers of Research in Intra-Industry Trade, London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002, 159-179.
1 Sichei, M., Harmse, C., and Kanfer, F.. Determinants of South Afica-U.S. Intra-Industry Trade in Services, mimeo, 2006.
2 Feenstra, Robert, C.. Integration of Trade and Disintegration of Production in the Global Economy, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 1998, 12: 31-50.
3程大中.国际服务贸易学[M].上海:复旦大学出版社.2010,第218页.
4 Grossman G. and Helpman E.. Outsourcing in a Global Economy, NBER Working Paper No. 8728, January 2002.
1 Jones, R. and Kierzkowski, H.. The Role of Services in Production and International Trade: A Theoretical Framework, in the Political Economy of International Trade, Basil Blackwell Inc. pp. 31-48,1990.
2三种优势在主要服务行业中的具体体现可以参考:The Center on Transnational Corporation:Foreign Direct Investment and Transnational Corporation in Services, United Nations Publication ,1989.
1迈克尔﹒波特.国家竞争优势.北京:华夏出版社,,2000年,第244-256页.
2程大中.国际服务贸易学[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2010,第244-247页.
1 Alan V. Deardorff.. International Provision of Trade Services, Trade, and Fragmentation, the University of Michigan, 2001.
1 Ethier, W.. National and International Returns ti Scale in the Modern Theory of International Trade. The American Economic Review, Vol. 72, No. 3, June 1982, pp. 389-405.
2 Vernon, R.. International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle, Quarterly Joutnal of Economics, 80, 1996, pp. 190-207.
1贝兆建,高炜宇.WTO与服务贸易-加快上海现代服务业发展的思考[M].上海:文汇出版社,2006,第8-10页.
1裴长洪,彭磊.中国服务业与服务贸易[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2008年,第221页.
1 Hummels, D.. Time as a Trade Barrier. Purdue University, mimeo, 2000.
2 Baier, S.L. and Bergstrand, J.H.. The Growth of World Trade: Tarriffs, Transport Costs and Income Similarity. Journal of International Economics, 53, 2001.
1联合国贸发会议:《电子商务与发展报告》,2002.
1 Markusen J.R.. National and International Return to Scale in the Modern Theory of International Trade. American Economic Review, Vol. 72, 1982.
1高铁梅.计量经济分析方法与建模[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2009年,第178-179页.
1谢识予,朱弘鑫.高级计量经济学[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2005年,第160页.
1高铁梅.计量经济分析方法与建模[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2009年,第291页.
[1]贝兆建,高炜宇.WTO与服务贸易-加快上海现代服务业发展的思考[M].上海:文汇出版社,2006,第8-10页.
[2]陈兆军.对服务贸易与货物贸易互补性问题的再研究[J].对外经济贸易大学学报,2001,(4):48-53.
[3]程大中,陈宪.服务贸易理论研究:现实基础、总体状况及初步设想[J].上海经济研究2000,(12):59-64.
[4]陈宪,程大中.国际服务贸易[M].上海:立信会计出版社,2007,第11页.
[5]陈文玲.认识发展服务贸易的战略意义[J].商业研究,2008,(7):1-5.
[6]程大中.国际服务贸易学[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2007年.
[7]陈丽丽.国际贸易理论研究的新动向[J].国际贸易问题,2008,(3):119-123.
[8]程南洋,余金花.中国货物贸易与服务贸易结构变动的相关性检验:1997-2005 [J].亚太经济,2007,(1):94-97.
[9]柴忠东,施慧家.新新贸易理论新在何处.国际经贸探索[J],2008,(12):15.
[10]董有德,马力.我国不同部门服务贸易对经济增长的影响机制研究—基于1982-2006年数据的实证分析[J].世界经济研究,2009,(2):47-52.
[11]樊瑛.国际贸易中的异质企业:一个文献综述.财贸经济[J],2008,(2):125.
[12]高铁梅.计量经济分析方法与建模[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2009年.
[13]黄建忠,杨扬.服务贸易壁垒测量的体系与框架[J].亚太经济,2009,(1):49-53.
[14]胡景岩.货物贸易与服务贸易的相关性曲线[J].国际贸易,2008,(6):36-38.
[15]海闻.国际贸易理论的新发展[J].经济研究,1995,(7):67-73.
[16]胡笑寒,余清原.发展中经济体货物贸易对服务贸易的影响[J].商业时代,2009,(9):23-24.
[17]黄云强.服务贸易与货物贸易的关系研究[D].上海:华东师范大学商学院,2008.
[18]江维.服务贸易的动态发展模型研究—兼对中国数据的实证检验[J].财经研究,2008,(2):133.
[19]纪昀.从新古典到新兴古典:国际贸易理论的最新发展[J].世界经济研究,2000,(1):83-87.
[20]姜义茂.服务贸易发展的基本规律和我国的战略抉择[J].财贸经济,2007,(7):92-94.
[21]孔祥荣.世界服务贸易发展趋势与中国服务贸易发展[J].理论学刊,2008,(9):50-53.
[22]李秉强,逯宇铎.服务贸易与货物贸易的替代性及差异分析[J].财贸研究,2009,(1):55-60.
[23]联合国贸发会议:《电子商务与发展报告》,2002.
[24]李静萍.影响国际服务贸易的宏观因素[J].经济理论与经济管理,2002,(11):14-17.
[25]陆锦周,汪小勤.全球服务贸易与货物贸易发展的协调性分析[J].国际贸易问题,2009,(3):85-91.
[26]刘青海,张志超,蔡伟贤.本土市场效应、空间政策和就业增长[J].《财经科学》,2009(6):55-62.
[27]鲁晓东.我国服务贸易竞争力的实证分析[J].国际经贸探索,2007,(10):23-27.
[28]陆燕.当前世界服务贸易发展的基本特征[J].国际贸易,2008,(6):39-43.
[29]李宗凯,毛永彪.现代国际贸易理论的发展及其评价[J].财经科学,1998,(5):29-31.
[30]蒙英华,黄建忠.服务贸易提供四模式交互影响的实证研究—基于美国服务贸易出口数据的考察[J].财贸经济,2008,(9):85-90.
[31]蒙英华,黄建忠.服务贸易提供模式及其比较优势研究[J].亚太经济,2009,(3):77-81.
[32]迈克尔﹒波特.国家竞争优势[M].北京:华夏出版社, 2000年.
[33]彭莹,陆甦颖.我国服务贸易发展研究综述[J].江苏商论,2007,(10):77-78.
[34]裴长洪,彭磊.中国服务业与服务贸易[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2008年,第221页.
[35]曲风杰.优化结构与协调发展-发展服务贸易与转变我国外贸增长方式的战略措施[J].国际贸易,2006(1):28-32.
[36]尚涛,郭根龙,冯宗宪.我国服务贸易自由化与经济增长的关系研究—基于脉冲响应函数方法的分析[J].国际贸易问题,2007,(8):92-98.
[37]邵渭洪,孙敏.国际服务贸易理论与政策[M].上海:上海财经大学出版社,2009版,第11页.
[38]邵渭洪,孙敏.国际服务贸易理论与政策[M].上海:上海财经大学出版社,2009版,第10页.
[39]唐宜红,林发勤.服务贸易对中国外贸增长方式转变的作用分析[J].世界经济研究,2009,(3):3-8.
[40]王铁山,冯宗宪.服务贸易中的自然人流动壁垒:发展中国家的视角[J].国际贸易,2008,(1):32-36.
[41]王晓先.服务贸易壁垒与货物贸易壁垒的比较[J].生产力研究,2007,(24):19-22.
[42]徐桂民,綦建红,鞠磊.国际服务贸易自由化的收益和成本[J].生产力研究,2007,(20):9-11.
[43]谢康.货物贸易与服务贸易互补性的实证分析-兼论中美贸易不平衡的实质[J] .国际贸易问题,2000(9):47-52.
[44]夏晴.论货物贸易与服务贸易的协同发展[J] .国际贸易问题,2004,(8):17-21.
[45]谢识予,朱弘鑫.高级计量经济学[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2005年.
[46]薛田.国际贸易理论的发展对中国发展对外贸易的启示[J].经济论坛,2008,(6):65-66.
[47]夏正荣.提升我国服务贸易国际竞争力.国际商务研究,2007,(6):20-25.
[48]殷凤,陈宪.国际服务贸易影响因素与我国服务贸易国际竞争力研究[J].国际贸易问题,2009,(2):61-69.
[49]杨锦权,王迎新.国际服务贸易提供方式:一个理论的研究视角[J].财贸经济,2007,(5):33-38.
[50]尹翔硕,尹翔康译.市场结构与对外贸易[M] .上海:上海人民出版社,2009,第47页.
[51]袁永娜.外商直接投资于中国服务贸易关系的实证分析[J].世界经济研究,2007,(9):56-62.
[52]闫奕荣.服务贸易比较优势理论综述[J].经济师,2004,(10):71.
[53]张帆,潘佐红.本土市场效应及其对中国省间生产和贸易的影响[J].《经济学季刊》,2006(1):307-328.
[54]郑辉,张捷.服务贸易与商品贸易的互补性及贸易平衡新解[J].国际经贸探索,2008,(5).
[55]庄惠明,黄建忠.国际贸易理论的演化:维度、路径与逻辑[J] .国际贸易问题,2008(11):123-128.
[56]张建萍,孙莹.服务贸易四种提供方式对GDP增长贡献的比较[J].浙江经济,2009,(10):56-57.
[57]庄丽娟,陈翠兰.我国服务贸易与货物贸易的动态相关性研究—基于脉冲响应函数方法的实证分析[J].国际贸易问题,2009,(2):54-60.
[58]赵书华,张弓.对服务贸易研究角度的探索—基于生产要素密集度对服务贸易行业的分类[J].财贸经济,2009,(3):91-95.
[59]赵放,冯晓玲.中美服务贸易国际竞争力比较分析—兼论中国服务贸易结构性失衡[J].世界经济研究,2007,(9):42-48.
[60]郑吉昌.基于服务经济的服务业与制造业的关系[J].数里经济技术研究,2003,(12):110-112.
[61]郑宁,崔丽萍,方彦辉.新贸易理论的主要观点及其对国际贸易理论发展的意义[J].财经界,2006,(9):206.
[62]张岩.服务贸易国际竞争力的理论分析与对策[J].求索,2004,(3):12-14 .
[63]周燕,郑甘澍.货物贸易与服务贸易:总量互补与差额替代关系[J].亚太经济,2007,(2) :93-96 .
[1]Alan V. Deardorff. Special Section: the New International Trade Agenda and the WTO[J] .Review of International Economics ,9(2).
[2]Alan V. Deardorff.. International Provision of Trade Services, Trade, and Fragmentation, theUniversity of Michigan, 2001.
[3] Alan V. Deardoff,A.. Comparative Advantage and International Trade and Investment in Services,in R. M. Stern(ed.),Trade and Investment in Services:Canada /U.S. Perspectives,Toronto:Ontario Economic Council,1985,39-71.
[4]Amiti M.Inter-industrial Trade in Manufactures: Does Country Size Matter? [J] . Journal of International Economics ,1998(44).
[5]Amiti M.New Trade Theories and Industrial Location in The EU: A survey of Evidence[J] .Oxford Review of Economics Policy,1998,14(2).
[6]B.Ghosh.Gains from global linkages: trade in services and movements of persons[J] . St.Martin's Press,Inc. Paper 1005,2005(9).
[5]Bhagwati,.N.,Why Are Services Cheaper in the Poor Countries ?Economic Journal,1984,94:279-286.
[7]Baier, S.L. and Bergstrand, J.H.. The Growth of World Trade: Tarriffs, Transport Costs and Income Similarity. Journal of International Economics, 53, 2001.
[8]Burgess,D..Is Trade Liberalization in the Service Sector in the National Interest? Oxford Economic Papers, 1995,47:60-78.
[9]Colleen Cardillo. Foreign Affiliate Trade Statistics– 1999 :How Goods and Services are Delivered in International Markets[R] .Balance of Payments Division, Statistics Canada.
[10]Daniel Mirza and Giuseppe Nicoletti.What is so Special about Trade in Services? [R] . University of Nottingham Research Paper ,2004(2).
[11]Davis, D. and D. Weinstein. Economic Geography and Regional Production Structure:An Empirical Investigation, European Economic Review,1999,43(2).
[12]Davis,D. The Home Market, Trade and Industrial Structure[J] . American Review,1998,88(5).
[13]Dick, R. and Dicke, H..Patterns of Trade in Knowledge, in H. Giersch(ed.), International Economic Development and Resource Transfer, Tubigen: J.C.B Mohr,1979.
[14]Dixit, A.K. and Stiglitz, J.E.. Monopoliostic Competition and Optimum Product Diversity, American Review, 1997, Vol, 67:297-308.
[15]Ethier, W.. National and International Returns ti Scale in the Modern Theory of International Trade. The American Economic Review, Vol. 72, No. 3, June 1982, pp. 389-405.
[16]Falvey, R. and Gemmell, N.. A Formationlization and Test if the Factor Productivity Explanation of International Differences in Services Prices, International Economic Review, 1996,Vol.37, No. 1: 85-102.
[17]Freenstra, Robert c., Markusen , James R. and Rose, Andrew K. Understanding the Home Market Effect and the Gravity Equation: The Role of Differentiating Goods[R .National Bureau ofEconomic Research(Cambridge, MA) Working Paper No. 6804, November 1998.
[18]Feenstra, Robert, C.. Integration of Trade and Disintegration of Production in the Global Economy, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 1998, 12: 31-50.
[19]Francois.Trade in Producer Services and Returns due to specialization under Monopolistic Competition[J] .Canadian Journal of Economics,1990.
[20]Francois, Joseph F. and Ian Wooton.. Market Structure, Trade liberalization and the GATS, European Journal of Political Economy, 2001c, 17: 389-402.
[21]Francois, Joseph F. and Ian Wooton.. Trade in International Transport Services: the Role of Competition, Review of Intenational Economics, 2001b, 9: 249-261.
[22]Francois,J.. Explainning the Pattern of Trade in Producer Services, Internationakl Economic Journal, 1993,Vol. 7, No. 3: 23-31.
[23]Fujita, M., P. Krugman, and A. Venables.The Spatial Economy: Cities, Regions, and International Trade[J] . Cambridge, MA: MIT Press,2000.
[24]Gary Hufbauer and Sherry Stephenson. Service Trade: Past Liberalization and Future Challenges[J] . Journal of International Economic Law ,10(3).
[25]George Verikios, Global Gains from Liberalizing Tradein Telecommunications and Financial Services [R] .Productivity Commission Staff Research Paper No.1683.
[26]Greg McGuire. Trade in Services-Market Access Opportunities and the Benefits of Liberalization for Developing economics[J] .Senior Economist,2001.
[27]Grossman G. and Helpman E.. Outsourcing in a Global Economy, NBER Working Paper No. 8728, January 2002.
[28]Hanson, G. and X. Chong. The Home Market Effect and Bilateral Trade patterns[J] .American Economic Review,2004, 94(4).
[29]Head, K., and J. Ries, Increasing Returns Versus National Product Differentiation as an Explanation for the pattern of US-Canada Trade[J] . American Economic Review, 2001, 91(4).
[30]Helpman,E.and P.Krugman.Market Structure and Foreign Trade[R] .Cambridge(Mass):MIT Press,1985.
[31]Hindley,B. and Smith,A..Comparative Advantage and Trade in Sercices , The World Economy,1984,Vol.7:369-389.
[32]Hoekman,B. and C. A. Braga. Protection and Trade in Services: A Survey[J] .Open Economies Review 8.
[33]Hummels, D.. Time as a Trade Barrier. Purdue University, mimeo, 2000.
[34]Jocelyn Magdeleine, Andreas Maurer. Measuring GATS Mode 4 Trade Flows,World Trade OrganizationEconomic[R] .Research and Statistics Division,Staff Working Paper ERSD,2008(5).
[35]Jones, R., W. and Ruane. F. Appraising the Options for International Trade in Services[J] .Oxford Economic Review 79.
[36]Jones, R. and Kierzkowski, H.. The Role of Services in Production and International Trade: A Theoretical Framework, in the Political Economy of International Trade, Basil Blackwell Inc. pp. 31-48,1990.
[37]Kierzkowski, H.. Modeling International Transportation Services, International Monetary Fund Research Paper DM/86/35, 1986.
[38]Lee, H. and Lloyd, P.J.. Intra-Industry Trade in Services, in P.J. Lloyd and Lee, H.H (eds.), Frontiers of Research in Intra-Industry Trade, London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002, 159-179.
[39]Markusen, J. R .and A.J.Venables.The Theory of Endowment, Intra-industry and Multi-national Trade[J] .Journal ofInternational Economics 52.
[40]Markusen, James R. .Trade in Producer Services and in Other Specialized Intermediate Inputs, American Economic Review, 1989, 79:85-75.
[41]Marrewijk, C.V., Stibora, J. and A.D. Vaal. Services Tradability, Trade Liberalization and Foreign Direct Investment[J] . Economics ,1996(63).
[42]Melvin, J. R. Trade in Producer Services: A Heckscher-Ohlin Approach[J] .Journal of Political Economy ,1989(97).
[43]Rivera-Batiz, Francisco and Luis A..Rivera-Batiz, Europe 1992 and the Liberalization of Direct Investment Flows:Services versus Manufacturing, International Economic Journal, 1992,6:45-57.
[44]R.J.Langhammer. North-south trade in services: some empirical evidence, In H.Giersch(ed),Services in World Economic Growth[J] .Tbingen,1996.
[45]Robinson, S., Wang, Z. and W. Martin. Capturing the Implications of Services Trade Liberalization[J] .Economic SystemsResearch,2002( 14).
[46]Rubén Segura-Cayuela and Josep M. Vilarrubia. The Effect of Foreign Service on Trade Volumes and Trade Partners[J] .Banco De Espana, Madrid, 2008.
[47]Sagari, S.B., International Trade in Financial Services, Policy, Planning, and Research Working Papers, The World Bank, January 1989.
[48]Sherman Robinson, Zhi Wang, Will Marin. Capturing the Implications of Services Trade Liberalization[J] . Economic Systems Research ,2002,3(1).
[49]Sichei,Harmse and Kanfer.Determinants of South Africa-U.S. Intra-Industry Trade in Services,mineo,2006.
[50] Slobodan Djajic and Henryk Kierzkoeski.Goods, Services and Trade,Graduate Institute ofInternational Studies[J] .Geneva Final version, 1988.
[51]Sapir A. Trade in services: Policy lssues for the eighties[J].Columbia Journal of World Business, 1982 (79).
[52]Spair A, Lutz E. Trade in Service:Economic Determinants and Development Related Issues. World Bank Staff Working Paper. No.410,1981.
[53]Van Marrewijk, Charles, Joachim Stibora, and Albert de val..Services Tradability,Trade Liberalization, and Foreign Direct Investment, Economica, 1996, 63:611-631.
[54]Vernon, R.. International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle, Quarterly Joutnal of Economics, 80, 1996, pp. 190-207.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |