知识管理理论与应用及其工具的研究
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摘要
21世纪是知识经济时代，知识成为企业重要的生产要素，随着市场竞争的加剧以及新技术的不断涌现，为适应剧烈变化的外部环境，企业需要不断对自身做出相应的调整，这就需要管理者能够随时把握企业当前的组织结构、业务过程以及知识的状况，并随时对它们进行更新和调整。知识管理就是在这一时代背景下提出的全新理念，其目标是为了促进企业知识的获取、发展、传递和存储等，以提高企业知识资源的利用率，知识管理目前已成为国内外重要研究课题。
然而，目前在这领域的研究成果还不是很完善。通过对国内外成功和失败案例的分析可以看出，一个企业要成功实施知识管理，就需要从组织机制、管理工具以及实施方法上不断地完善。通过组织机制的改善，确定知识管理的战略发展地位，营造知识共享和知识创新的企业文化；结合对知识管理过程的分析和管理工具的评价，选择适合自身企业的知识管理工具；结合企业的具体领域范围，探索基于企业具体情况的实施方法，在实践中通过对实施的跟踪与评价，不断地完善知识管理的实施方法。本文正是基于当前时代发展的要求，并结合制造行业的具体情况，对前面所述三个环节做了一定的研究和探讨，对我国企业在知识经济时代的发展，特别是制造企业的发展具有一定的积极意义。
本文的主要思路是结合前面知识管理现状及一些案例分析，围绕分析的三个主要环节展开的，即围绕管理机制、知识管理工具以及知识管理具体的实施展开，并设计和开发了一个知识管理系统原型。全文共分为六章：
第一章是全文的总体介绍部分。对知识管理的发展历史，知识管理的定义以及重要性进行了简单的介绍；对知识管理的研究现状做了分析，对国内外知识管理的成功和失败案例进行了分析；论述了全文研究工作的意义，文章的思路以及组织结构等。
第二章主要探讨了知识管理的理论。针对现有知识种类繁多，知识冗余的特点，提出了知识质量优化概念；针对我国的知识企业，特别是高科技企业面临的管理困境，对企业知识资本的构成进行了分析，发展了知识资本评价的方法，知识资本的研究有利于企业完善科技人才开发与管理政策，有利于形成有效的科学评估体系，促进企业知识资本运营，通过正确评估知识资本和知识工作者，形成重视知识和知识工作者的正确导向，通过重新认识知识企业的组织结构、管理机制和制度安排促进知识管理的实现；最后对知识建模理论与技术进行了探讨，知识建模技术能有效地支持知识管理，以体现知识与知识、知识与人、知识与过程等集成的思想，实现企业知识的共享和重用。
第三章主要对知识管理的工具进行了研究。结合第二章对知识管理理论的研究，首先从知识的处理过程和知识的转化过程两个角度出发，分别地对知识管理的过程进行了剖析；并分别结合这两个角度，对现有的知识管理工具进行了分类和评价，以帮助企业更好地选择管理工具；同时，对支撑知识管理工具的关键技术进行了分类研究；对支撑技术的成熟度评价、知识管理工具的应用程度评价进行了简单的阐述与分析。
第四章结合第二章对理论的研究和第三章对工具的研究，主要研究了如何进行知识管理的实施与应用。首先阐述了知识管理的实施方法与步骤，并对知识管理实施过程中的监测与评价方法进行了简单的阐述；然后分析了知识管理如何与其他管理方式的集成，结合对项目管理的研究，探讨了如何在项目管理过程中集成知识管理，结合对大批量定制模式韵研究，探讨了如何在大批量定制中实施知识管理；最后，针对制造企业，提出了从人力、结构、技术、市场四个方面着手实施知识管
摘丝
理的方法.并分别针对各个方面进行了具体的阐述和简单的示例。
第五章结合前面章节的研究，设计和开发了一个知识管理系统的原型。首先阐述了如何通过知
识的表达和分类设计和构建知识库系统，并对具体的库结构、库运行模式以及如何维护进行了阐述:
然后结合前面知识管理过程的分析，对系统的主要功能模块进行了设计，并结合网络技术的发展，
设计了基于B/S结构的系统软件体系结构，分析了系统设计过程中的关键技术;最后简单示例了作
者和课题组共同开发的一个知识管理系统原型，该系统首先在实验室内部使用，希望在应用的过程
中不断完善，并逐步推向企业和其他领域应用。
第六章对全文的工作进行了总结，并对进一步的工作进行了展望。
The 21st century is an era of knowledge, knowledge is said to be particularly important. Knowledge and information have become the economy's primary raw material and its most important outcome. Under increasingly competitive pressure, many enterprises are examining how they can better manage their knowledge. During the last years, another concept has gained increasing interest: knowledge management (KM). The emerging field of knowledge management addresses the broad processes of locating, organizing, transferring and more efficiently using knowledge and expertise within an enterprise. An enterprise's and its employees' knowledge is regarded as the most important corporate capital in the arising global information society. Knowledge management therefore aims towards improving an enterprise's ability to acquire, develop, preserve, distribute and use knowledge.
However, the research results towards knowledge management are not very perfect. According to the current implementing status in the fields of knowledge management, the author believes that organization structure, knowledge management tools and the methods for implementation are three main parts to be improved for an enterprise wanting to implement knowledge management. This dissertation puts emphasis on these three parts and the content is divided into six chapters.
In the first chapter, the main contents of the whole dissertation are introduced summarily. The past and current statuses of knowledge management are described; the definition of knowledge management and its importance are discussed; the significance and structure of the dissertation are addressed.
In the second chapter, the theories of knowledge management are extended. Firstly, the constitution framework of Intellectual capital is constructed, the methodology on how to manage and measure Intellectual capital is introduced; secondly, how to manage and optimize the massive and intricacy knowledge is discussed and the method of using 6Sigma to optimize knowledge quality is put forward; thirdly, knowledge modeling techniques are researched, the requirements of knowledge modeling technique for KM is analyzed and the knowledge modeling technique based on knowledge carrier, knowledge content information and knowledge scenario is put forward and described in detail.
In the third chapter, knowledge management tools are classified and researched. Firstly, according to the research of the second chapter and based on knowledge processing process and transform process, the knowledge management process is analyzed; secondly, knowledge management tools are classified and evaluated; thirdly, the key technologies supporting knowledge management tools are classified and researched.
In the fourth chapter, how to implement and apply knowledge management within an enterprise is researched. Firstly, method for implementing knowledge management is put forward, how to trace and evaluate the implementation process is explicated; secondly, how to integrate knowledge management and
other management modes is researched, such as the application of knowledge management within project management, mass customization; thirdly, towards Internet-based manufacturing enterprise, how to realize knowledge management in today's knowledge society is illustrated in detail.
In the fifth chapter, a prototype of knowledge management system (KMS) is designed and developed. Firstly, knowledge warehouse for KMS is designed; secondly, combined knowledge processing processes, function module of KMS is classified into six parts: knowledge procurement, knowledge transfer, knowledge utilisation, knowledge creation, knowledge valuation and knowledge protection; thirdly, the software module structure of KMS is conceptualized and presented, which is based on Browser/Server Architecture. In the end, key technologies in developing the software system are summarized and the prototype of KMS developed is illustrated.
In the sixth chapter, the total research works and innovate parts of this dissertation are summarized as well as further res
然而，目前在这领域的研究成果还不是很完善。通过对国内外成功和失败案例的分析可以看出，一个企业要成功实施知识管理，就需要从组织机制、管理工具以及实施方法上不断地完善。通过组织机制的改善，确定知识管理的战略发展地位，营造知识共享和知识创新的企业文化；结合对知识管理过程的分析和管理工具的评价，选择适合自身企业的知识管理工具；结合企业的具体领域范围，探索基于企业具体情况的实施方法，在实践中通过对实施的跟踪与评价，不断地完善知识管理的实施方法。本文正是基于当前时代发展的要求，并结合制造行业的具体情况，对前面所述三个环节做了一定的研究和探讨，对我国企业在知识经济时代的发展，特别是制造企业的发展具有一定的积极意义。
本文的主要思路是结合前面知识管理现状及一些案例分析，围绕分析的三个主要环节展开的，即围绕管理机制、知识管理工具以及知识管理具体的实施展开，并设计和开发了一个知识管理系统原型。全文共分为六章：
第一章是全文的总体介绍部分。对知识管理的发展历史，知识管理的定义以及重要性进行了简单的介绍；对知识管理的研究现状做了分析，对国内外知识管理的成功和失败案例进行了分析；论述了全文研究工作的意义，文章的思路以及组织结构等。
第二章主要探讨了知识管理的理论。针对现有知识种类繁多，知识冗余的特点，提出了知识质量优化概念；针对我国的知识企业，特别是高科技企业面临的管理困境，对企业知识资本的构成进行了分析，发展了知识资本评价的方法，知识资本的研究有利于企业完善科技人才开发与管理政策，有利于形成有效的科学评估体系，促进企业知识资本运营，通过正确评估知识资本和知识工作者，形成重视知识和知识工作者的正确导向，通过重新认识知识企业的组织结构、管理机制和制度安排促进知识管理的实现；最后对知识建模理论与技术进行了探讨，知识建模技术能有效地支持知识管理，以体现知识与知识、知识与人、知识与过程等集成的思想，实现企业知识的共享和重用。
第三章主要对知识管理的工具进行了研究。结合第二章对知识管理理论的研究，首先从知识的处理过程和知识的转化过程两个角度出发，分别地对知识管理的过程进行了剖析；并分别结合这两个角度，对现有的知识管理工具进行了分类和评价，以帮助企业更好地选择管理工具；同时，对支撑知识管理工具的关键技术进行了分类研究；对支撑技术的成熟度评价、知识管理工具的应用程度评价进行了简单的阐述与分析。
第四章结合第二章对理论的研究和第三章对工具的研究，主要研究了如何进行知识管理的实施与应用。首先阐述了知识管理的实施方法与步骤，并对知识管理实施过程中的监测与评价方法进行了简单的阐述；然后分析了知识管理如何与其他管理方式的集成，结合对项目管理的研究，探讨了如何在项目管理过程中集成知识管理，结合对大批量定制模式韵研究，探讨了如何在大批量定制中实施知识管理；最后，针对制造企业，提出了从人力、结构、技术、市场四个方面着手实施知识管
摘丝
理的方法.并分别针对各个方面进行了具体的阐述和简单的示例。
第五章结合前面章节的研究，设计和开发了一个知识管理系统的原型。首先阐述了如何通过知
识的表达和分类设计和构建知识库系统，并对具体的库结构、库运行模式以及如何维护进行了阐述:
然后结合前面知识管理过程的分析，对系统的主要功能模块进行了设计，并结合网络技术的发展，
设计了基于B/S结构的系统软件体系结构，分析了系统设计过程中的关键技术;最后简单示例了作
者和课题组共同开发的一个知识管理系统原型，该系统首先在实验室内部使用，希望在应用的过程
中不断完善，并逐步推向企业和其他领域应用。
第六章对全文的工作进行了总结，并对进一步的工作进行了展望。
The 21st century is an era of knowledge, knowledge is said to be particularly important. Knowledge and information have become the economy's primary raw material and its most important outcome. Under increasingly competitive pressure, many enterprises are examining how they can better manage their knowledge. During the last years, another concept has gained increasing interest: knowledge management (KM). The emerging field of knowledge management addresses the broad processes of locating, organizing, transferring and more efficiently using knowledge and expertise within an enterprise. An enterprise's and its employees' knowledge is regarded as the most important corporate capital in the arising global information society. Knowledge management therefore aims towards improving an enterprise's ability to acquire, develop, preserve, distribute and use knowledge.
However, the research results towards knowledge management are not very perfect. According to the current implementing status in the fields of knowledge management, the author believes that organization structure, knowledge management tools and the methods for implementation are three main parts to be improved for an enterprise wanting to implement knowledge management. This dissertation puts emphasis on these three parts and the content is divided into six chapters.
In the first chapter, the main contents of the whole dissertation are introduced summarily. The past and current statuses of knowledge management are described; the definition of knowledge management and its importance are discussed; the significance and structure of the dissertation are addressed.
In the second chapter, the theories of knowledge management are extended. Firstly, the constitution framework of Intellectual capital is constructed, the methodology on how to manage and measure Intellectual capital is introduced; secondly, how to manage and optimize the massive and intricacy knowledge is discussed and the method of using 6Sigma to optimize knowledge quality is put forward; thirdly, knowledge modeling techniques are researched, the requirements of knowledge modeling technique for KM is analyzed and the knowledge modeling technique based on knowledge carrier, knowledge content information and knowledge scenario is put forward and described in detail.
In the third chapter, knowledge management tools are classified and researched. Firstly, according to the research of the second chapter and based on knowledge processing process and transform process, the knowledge management process is analyzed; secondly, knowledge management tools are classified and evaluated; thirdly, the key technologies supporting knowledge management tools are classified and researched.
In the fourth chapter, how to implement and apply knowledge management within an enterprise is researched. Firstly, method for implementing knowledge management is put forward, how to trace and evaluate the implementation process is explicated; secondly, how to integrate knowledge management and
other management modes is researched, such as the application of knowledge management within project management, mass customization; thirdly, towards Internet-based manufacturing enterprise, how to realize knowledge management in today's knowledge society is illustrated in detail.
In the fifth chapter, a prototype of knowledge management system (KMS) is designed and developed. Firstly, knowledge warehouse for KMS is designed; secondly, combined knowledge processing processes, function module of KMS is classified into six parts: knowledge procurement, knowledge transfer, knowledge utilisation, knowledge creation, knowledge valuation and knowledge protection; thirdly, the software module structure of KMS is conceptualized and presented, which is based on Browser/Server Architecture. In the end, key technologies in developing the software system are summarized and the prototype of KMS developed is illustrated.
In the sixth chapter, the total research works and innovate parts of this dissertation are summarized as well as further res
引文
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