金属离子荧光探针的研究及新型聚集荧光增强分子的发现
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摘要
首先,本文设计合成了若干种新型罗丹明酰胺衍生物,实现了对水溶液中六价铬离子、二价铜离子和三价铁离子的荧光增强型分析检测,研究了罗丹明酰胺衍生物分子探针与金属离子作用的机理和性质。通过晶体结构分析,提供了该类化合物分子结构中罗丹明环内酰胺环存在的直接证据;通过核磁共振波谱分析,阐明了罗丹明酰胺衍生物的环内酰胺环“开-关”转换是探针对金属离子产生荧光增强型响应的根本原因。这些分子探针响应金属离子的方式可分为两类:金属离子诱导反应型和金属离子络合型。前者指分子探针与金属离子发生化学反应后产生光谱性质不同于分子探针的产物,从而在体系中加入金属离子后产生光谱信号变化;后者指分子探针通过作为配体与金属离子形成了光谱性质不同于分子探针本身的络合物,从而对金属离子产生相应的光谱信号变化。其优点为信号增强显著,受常见背景干扰小。在酸性水溶液中,罗丹明B酰肼对六价铬离子的检测限达0.3 ppb;在乙醇和水混合缓冲溶液体系中,罗丹明6G酰肼水杨醛希弗碱对二价铜离子的检测限达10 nM;在中性缓冲水溶液中,二罗丹明B酰二乙三胺能对不低于10?5 M浓度级别的三价铁离子实现分析检测。上述三种检测方法均能够在室温下半小时内完成,且对水溶液中可能存在的其他常见金属离子有较强的抗干扰能力。此外,本文应用前两种方法,成功的对饮用水和河水水样中六价铬离子和二价铜离子进行了分析检测。
其次,本文发现了一类基于N-N单键旋转的新型聚集荧光增强型分子,得到了该类分子中具有代表性的二水杨醛缩肼希弗碱的晶体结构,详细研究了其在不良溶剂(聚集状态)、良溶剂(均一溶液)和固体状态下的发光行为,利用该类化合物的原位生成所产生的显著荧光增强特性,以相应的水杨醛衍生物作为试剂,成功实现了对水溶液中肼浓度的高灵敏度、高选择性分析检测。这类新型聚集荧光增强型化合物的优点是合成简单,成本低廉,在光学传感器、发光二极管及相关器件等研制领域具有潜在的应用价值。
This dissertation firstly described the synthesis of a series of rhodamine amide derivatives. The crystal structure of one compound in this series was obtained and served as the direct evidence for the existence of rhodamine spirolactam ring moiety in their molecular structures. Meanwhile, the application of these compounds as fluorescent probes for Cr2O72?, Cu2+ and Fe3+ by the rhodamine spirolactam ring“close-open”switch was also studied. The interaction between these fluorescent probes and metal ions could be divided into two kinds: metal ion-induced reaction and metal ion-induced chelation. In the former case, fluorescent probe underwent chemical reaction with metal ion to yield a product with different fluorescent character, thus produced signal change in the presence of metal ion; in the latter case, fluorescent probe chelated with metal ion to form a complex with different fluorescent property, which induced fluorescence change to the solution upon metal ion binding. Nevertheless, both of them were based on the metal ion-induced spirolactam ring“close-open”switch of rhodamine amide, with their advantages of significant absorption and fluorescence enhancement and optical signal above 500 nm that was resistant to sample background. Using rhodamine B hydrazide, Cr2O72? could be detected in acidic water with 0.3 ppb detection limit; Cu2+ could be quantified in neutral ethanol/water solution with a detection limit of 10 nM by rhodamine 6G salicyl hydrazone; Fe3+ with a concentration higher than 10?5 M level could also be monitored with a rhodamine amide as fluorescent probe in neutral water. All these three analytical protocols could be completed within half an hour, and with good resistance to other metal ions that commonly coexisted in water. Determinations of Cr2O72? and Cu2+ in drinking water and river water samples were also successfully achieved using these methods.
In addition, a novel series of compounds with aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) characteristics were discovered and their spectral properties in different states were studied in this dissertation. The crystal structure of salicylaldehyde azine was obtained as a representative. The advantage of this new series of AIEE compounds was their ease of synthesis and low cost. By monitoring the significant fluorescence enhancement upon the formation of these AIEE compounds, hydrazine concentration in water could be detected using corresponding salicylaldehydes.
其次,本文发现了一类基于N-N单键旋转的新型聚集荧光增强型分子,得到了该类分子中具有代表性的二水杨醛缩肼希弗碱的晶体结构,详细研究了其在不良溶剂(聚集状态)、良溶剂(均一溶液)和固体状态下的发光行为,利用该类化合物的原位生成所产生的显著荧光增强特性,以相应的水杨醛衍生物作为试剂,成功实现了对水溶液中肼浓度的高灵敏度、高选择性分析检测。这类新型聚集荧光增强型化合物的优点是合成简单,成本低廉,在光学传感器、发光二极管及相关器件等研制领域具有潜在的应用价值。
This dissertation firstly described the synthesis of a series of rhodamine amide derivatives. The crystal structure of one compound in this series was obtained and served as the direct evidence for the existence of rhodamine spirolactam ring moiety in their molecular structures. Meanwhile, the application of these compounds as fluorescent probes for Cr2O72?, Cu2+ and Fe3+ by the rhodamine spirolactam ring“close-open”switch was also studied. The interaction between these fluorescent probes and metal ions could be divided into two kinds: metal ion-induced reaction and metal ion-induced chelation. In the former case, fluorescent probe underwent chemical reaction with metal ion to yield a product with different fluorescent character, thus produced signal change in the presence of metal ion; in the latter case, fluorescent probe chelated with metal ion to form a complex with different fluorescent property, which induced fluorescence change to the solution upon metal ion binding. Nevertheless, both of them were based on the metal ion-induced spirolactam ring“close-open”switch of rhodamine amide, with their advantages of significant absorption and fluorescence enhancement and optical signal above 500 nm that was resistant to sample background. Using rhodamine B hydrazide, Cr2O72? could be detected in acidic water with 0.3 ppb detection limit; Cu2+ could be quantified in neutral ethanol/water solution with a detection limit of 10 nM by rhodamine 6G salicyl hydrazone; Fe3+ with a concentration higher than 10?5 M level could also be monitored with a rhodamine amide as fluorescent probe in neutral water. All these three analytical protocols could be completed within half an hour, and with good resistance to other metal ions that commonly coexisted in water. Determinations of Cr2O72? and Cu2+ in drinking water and river water samples were also successfully achieved using these methods.
In addition, a novel series of compounds with aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) characteristics were discovered and their spectral properties in different states were studied in this dissertation. The crystal structure of salicylaldehyde azine was obtained as a representative. The advantage of this new series of AIEE compounds was their ease of synthesis and low cost. By monitoring the significant fluorescence enhancement upon the formation of these AIEE compounds, hydrazine concentration in water could be detected using corresponding salicylaldehydes.
引文
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