虚拟社区对城市居住空间结构的影响研究
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摘要
在当今信息社会中,随着虚拟社区在各个领域的广泛应用,传统的地理居住空间发生了深刻的性质上的变化:地理空间与虚拟空间逐步融合,形成半现实半虚拟这种新的城市居住空间形态——智能小区。本文以虚拟社区影响下城市的居住空间结构变化现象为研究对象,分析虚拟社区对城市居住空间结构的影响机理,探讨在信息技术的推动下城市居住空间在集聚、扩散、分异等方面所体现的新变化,并提出调整城市居住空间结构的具体建议。
论文由五部分内容组成:
第一部分主要论述了研究背景、意义、方法、论文框架与创新点。
第二部分为概念的界定和国内外相关地理研究回顾,在对国内外已有研究进行回顾与评述的基础上,发现本文的选题属于国内外研究的薄弱环节,对于丰富信息社会地理学理论和引导地理新思维有重要意义。
第三部分为文章的主体之一,分析了虚拟社区对城市居住空间结构的影响作用机理。第四部分为实证研究,也为文章的主体部分。文章着力分析了在虚拟社区影响下的杭州市居住空间结构的现状及存在的问题,并基于此提出了减小杭州市居住空间分异不利影响的调控策略。
第五部分对本文的重要结论进行了总结并指出了本文需要进一步研究的问题。
In the society of information ,with the development of virtual community used by many of fields, The traditional geography space has made a profound nature change, that is the geography space and the cyberspace’s amalgamation, formed a new space shape--- Intelligent community with part of virtual and part of reality. The paper analysis the mechanism of virtual community on the urban residential space structure and discusses the new change in the aspects of the urban residential space annlomeration and diffusion, differentiation under the influence of information technolonies. Then the author proposes how to restructure and adjust the urban residential spatial structure, making use strongpoint of the information technolony. The paper is composed of five chaptes:
Part 1: The first part is the introduction of the whole paper, it introduces the background, the content, the goal、the significance and innovation of the research.
Part2: This chapte defines the relevant concepts and reviewed the research survey of world cyberspace and the Geo-cyberspace in domestic and foreign country .Based on this retrospection and evaluation, the research topic in this paper is found weak in domestic and foreign country, but it is important to enrich the geography theory of information society and to guide the new geography thinking.
Part3: This chapte is one of the most important parts, it analysises the mechanism of virtual community on the urban residential space structure.
Part4: This chapte is a research on demonstration and summarize.it is also a major part. the paper puts forth effort to analyze the current situation characteristic and problems of urban residential space in Hangzhou under the influence of virtual community. then the paper gives a case about Hangzhou residential differentiation. gives several feasible strategy which can reduce these disadvantages.
Part5: the paper draws a conclusion and points out the father studies in the future.
论文由五部分内容组成:
第一部分主要论述了研究背景、意义、方法、论文框架与创新点。
第二部分为概念的界定和国内外相关地理研究回顾,在对国内外已有研究进行回顾与评述的基础上,发现本文的选题属于国内外研究的薄弱环节,对于丰富信息社会地理学理论和引导地理新思维有重要意义。
第三部分为文章的主体之一,分析了虚拟社区对城市居住空间结构的影响作用机理。第四部分为实证研究,也为文章的主体部分。文章着力分析了在虚拟社区影响下的杭州市居住空间结构的现状及存在的问题,并基于此提出了减小杭州市居住空间分异不利影响的调控策略。
第五部分对本文的重要结论进行了总结并指出了本文需要进一步研究的问题。
In the society of information ,with the development of virtual community used by many of fields, The traditional geography space has made a profound nature change, that is the geography space and the cyberspace’s amalgamation, formed a new space shape--- Intelligent community with part of virtual and part of reality. The paper analysis the mechanism of virtual community on the urban residential space structure and discusses the new change in the aspects of the urban residential space annlomeration and diffusion, differentiation under the influence of information technolonies. Then the author proposes how to restructure and adjust the urban residential spatial structure, making use strongpoint of the information technolony. The paper is composed of five chaptes:
Part 1: The first part is the introduction of the whole paper, it introduces the background, the content, the goal、the significance and innovation of the research.
Part2: This chapte defines the relevant concepts and reviewed the research survey of world cyberspace and the Geo-cyberspace in domestic and foreign country .Based on this retrospection and evaluation, the research topic in this paper is found weak in domestic and foreign country, but it is important to enrich the geography theory of information society and to guide the new geography thinking.
Part3: This chapte is one of the most important parts, it analysises the mechanism of virtual community on the urban residential space structure.
Part4: This chapte is a research on demonstration and summarize.it is also a major part. the paper puts forth effort to analyze the current situation characteristic and problems of urban residential space in Hangzhou under the influence of virtual community. then the paper gives a case about Hangzhou residential differentiation. gives several feasible strategy which can reduce these disadvantages.
Part5: the paper draws a conclusion and points out the father studies in the future.
引文
[1] Rheingold, H.Virtual Frontier.Reading, Mass,Community:Addison-Wesley Inc,Homesteading on the Electronic 1993.
[2] John Hagel III, Arthur G.Armastrong, “Net Gain: Expanding Markets ThroughVirtual Communites”, Michinsey &. Company Inc, 1997.
[3] Constance Elise Porter, “A Typology of Virtual Communities: A Multi- Disciplinary Foundation for Future Research”, Journal of computer- mediated communication, 10(1), November 2004.
[4] 顾朝林,甄峰,张京祥.集聚与扩散一城市空间结构新论.南京:东南人学出版利2000.
[5] 吴启焰.大城市居住空间分异研究的理论与实践.北京:科学出版社,2001.
[6] Shevky.E.and William M.(1949)The Social Aress of Los Ageles,University of California Press,Los Angeles.
[7] Shevky E.and Bell W.(1955)Social AreaAnalysis,StanfordUniversityPress, Stanford, California.
[8] O'Brien Richard. Global Financial Integration: The End of Geography[M]. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs. 1992.
[9] Cairncross F. The Death of Distance [M].MA: Harvard Business School Press,1997.
[10] Henry Bakis. Geopolitics of information[J]. PUF, Paris, 1987: 1～128. (In French)
[11] Bakis H, Combes Y. Towards the networded company: cultural chocks[J]. Annales des Telecommunications, 1991, 46: 620～631. (In French)
[12] George A. Barnett, Bum-Soo Chon, Devan Rosen. The Structure of the Internet Flows in Cyberspace[J]. Networks and Communication Studies,2001,15(1-2):61-80
[13] Kenji Hashimoto.Information Network and the Distribution Space in Japan:A Case Study of Consumer Goods Manufacturers in Japan[J]. Networks and Communication Studies,2002,16(1-2):17-28.
[14] Mark I. Wilson. Real Places and Virtual Spaces[J]. Networks and Communication Studies,2003,17(3-4):139-148.
[15] Starrs P. The Scared, the Regional,and the Digital[J]. The Geographical Review, 1997,87(2):193-218.
[16] O`Brien,Richard,Global Financial Integration:The End of Geography[M]. London:Royal Institute of International Affairs.1992.
[17] Batty M.Editorial : The Geography of Cyberspace[J]. Environment and Planning B : Planning and Design, 1993,20:615-616.
[18] Bakis Henry,Kellerman Aharon. Built Space,New Technologies and Networks:Introduction,NETCOM.2000,14(3):214-215
[19] Townsend A.M. The Internet and the rise of the new network cities, 1969-1999[J]. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design. 2001,28:39-58.
[20] Townsend A.M. Network Cities and the Global Stracture of the Internet[J]. Amarican Behavioral Scientist,February.
[21] 刘卫东.论我国互联网的发展及其潜在空间影响[J].地理研究,2002,21(3):347-356.
[22] 甄峰.信息时代区域发展战略及其规划探讨[J].城市规划汇刊.2001,136:61-64.
[23] 王如渊,金波.中国互联网发展的地域结构研究[J].人文地理.2002,17(6):89-92.
[24] 刘文新.中国互联网发展的区域差异分析[J].地理科学.2003.23(4):398-407.
[25] 张捷,顾朝林.计算机网络信息空间的人文地理学研究进展与展望[J].地理科学,2000,20(4):368-374.
[26] 汪明峰,宁越敏.网络信息空间的城市地理学研究——综述与展望[J].地球科学进展.2002,17(6):855-863.
[27] 甄峰,顾朝林.信息时代空间结构研究新进展[J].地理研究.2002,21(2):257-266.
[28] 甄峰.信息时代新空间形态研究[J].地球科学进展.2004,23(3):16-26.
[29] 张楠楠,顾朝林.从地理空间到复合式空间———信息网络影响下的城市空间[J]. 人文地理.2002,17(4):20-24.
[30] 甄峰,曹小曙,姚亦锋.信息时代区域空间结构构成要素分析[J].人文地理.2004,19(5):40-45.
[31] 姚士谋,朱英明,陈振光.信息环境下城市群区的发展[J].规划研究.2001,25(8):16-18.
[32] 周年兴,俞孔坚,李迪华. 信息时代城市功能及其空间结构的变迁[J]. 地理与地理信息科学.2004,20(2):70-72.
[33] 李和平,严爱琼. 信息时代城市空间结构的发展[J]. 重庆建筑大学报.2002,24(4):1-6.
[34] 方维慰,信息技术与城市空间结构的优化[J].城市规划设计.2006,13(1):30-33.
[35] (德)滕尼斯.共同体与社会[M].北京:商务印书馆,1999.
[36] Wilson A.A Statistical Theory of Spatial Distribution Models[J]. Transportation Research,1967,1(1):253-267.
[37] 刘瑛,杨伯溆.互联网与虚拟社区[J].社会学研究.2003.5:1-7.
[38] 侯自强,李建华.网络空间上的交互式电视服务——互联网上的实时视频[J].中国图像图形学报.1997.2(4):257-260.
[39] LEIGH N.G. People versus place: telecommunications and flexihility requirements of the CBD in cities in the telecommunications age [A]James .The Fracturing of Gcngraphics [C].2000. 302- 331.
[40] BATTY M. Invisible citis [J].Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design,1990, 17: 127- 130.
[41] FATHY T A.Telecity:Information Technology and Its Impact on City Form [M]1991.93- 103.
[42] CASTELLS M.The Informational City[M].Blackwell Publishers, 1989.1-9.
[43] MITCHELL J.W City of Bits [M] MIT Press, 1996.1-8
[44] TOWNSEND A.M The internet and the rise of the New Network Cities, 1969-1999 [J] Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 2001, 28(1)39-58
[45] 孙世界.信息化城市:信息技术与城市关系初探[J].城市规划 2001.25(5):30-33
[46] 曹国华,崔功豪.2002.信息社会电子空间与城市发展研究.国际智能交通,(12):81-84.
[47] 郭鸿懋,江曼琦,陆军等.城市空间经济学.北京:经济科学出版社,2002: 48-52
[48] 王亚南,赵永革.百年城市变迁,中国经济出版社,1999.
[49] 丁健.现代城市经济,同济大学出版社,2001年
[50] 邢兰芹,王慧,曹明明.1990年代以来西安城市居住空间重构与分异.城市规划,2004 28(6):68一73.
[51] 张文忠,刘旺,孟斌.北京市区居住环境的区位优势度分析.地理学报,2005, 60 (1):115-121.
[52] Lefebvre .H. Madanipour, A Reflections 0n the Politics of Space Antipode 1976, 8 (2):30一37.
[53] 杭州市规划局等. 杭州城市总体规划(2001 -2020)纲要,2002.
[54] 杭州市规划局等.迈向钱塘江时代.同济大学出版社,2002.
[55] 杭州市委政研室等.“住宅杭州”研究课题汇编,2000.
[2] John Hagel III, Arthur G.Armastrong, “Net Gain: Expanding Markets ThroughVirtual Communites”, Michinsey &. Company Inc, 1997.
[3] Constance Elise Porter, “A Typology of Virtual Communities: A Multi- Disciplinary Foundation for Future Research”, Journal of computer- mediated communication, 10(1), November 2004.
[4] 顾朝林,甄峰,张京祥.集聚与扩散一城市空间结构新论.南京:东南人学出版利2000.
[5] 吴启焰.大城市居住空间分异研究的理论与实践.北京:科学出版社,2001.
[6] Shevky.E.and William M.(1949)The Social Aress of Los Ageles,University of California Press,Los Angeles.
[7] Shevky E.and Bell W.(1955)Social AreaAnalysis,StanfordUniversityPress, Stanford, California.
[8] O'Brien Richard. Global Financial Integration: The End of Geography[M]. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs. 1992.
[9] Cairncross F. The Death of Distance [M].MA: Harvard Business School Press,1997.
[10] Henry Bakis. Geopolitics of information[J]. PUF, Paris, 1987: 1～128. (In French)
[11] Bakis H, Combes Y. Towards the networded company: cultural chocks[J]. Annales des Telecommunications, 1991, 46: 620～631. (In French)
[12] George A. Barnett, Bum-Soo Chon, Devan Rosen. The Structure of the Internet Flows in Cyberspace[J]. Networks and Communication Studies,2001,15(1-2):61-80
[13] Kenji Hashimoto.Information Network and the Distribution Space in Japan:A Case Study of Consumer Goods Manufacturers in Japan[J]. Networks and Communication Studies,2002,16(1-2):17-28.
[14] Mark I. Wilson. Real Places and Virtual Spaces[J]. Networks and Communication Studies,2003,17(3-4):139-148.
[15] Starrs P. The Scared, the Regional,and the Digital[J]. The Geographical Review, 1997,87(2):193-218.
[16] O`Brien,Richard,Global Financial Integration:The End of Geography[M]. London:Royal Institute of International Affairs.1992.
[17] Batty M.Editorial : The Geography of Cyberspace[J]. Environment and Planning B : Planning and Design, 1993,20:615-616.
[18] Bakis Henry,Kellerman Aharon. Built Space,New Technologies and Networks:Introduction,NETCOM.2000,14(3):214-215
[19] Townsend A.M. The Internet and the rise of the new network cities, 1969-1999[J]. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design. 2001,28:39-58.
[20] Townsend A.M. Network Cities and the Global Stracture of the Internet[J]. Amarican Behavioral Scientist,February.
[21] 刘卫东.论我国互联网的发展及其潜在空间影响[J].地理研究,2002,21(3):347-356.
[22] 甄峰.信息时代区域发展战略及其规划探讨[J].城市规划汇刊.2001,136:61-64.
[23] 王如渊,金波.中国互联网发展的地域结构研究[J].人文地理.2002,17(6):89-92.
[24] 刘文新.中国互联网发展的区域差异分析[J].地理科学.2003.23(4):398-407.
[25] 张捷,顾朝林.计算机网络信息空间的人文地理学研究进展与展望[J].地理科学,2000,20(4):368-374.
[26] 汪明峰,宁越敏.网络信息空间的城市地理学研究——综述与展望[J].地球科学进展.2002,17(6):855-863.
[27] 甄峰,顾朝林.信息时代空间结构研究新进展[J].地理研究.2002,21(2):257-266.
[28] 甄峰.信息时代新空间形态研究[J].地球科学进展.2004,23(3):16-26.
[29] 张楠楠,顾朝林.从地理空间到复合式空间———信息网络影响下的城市空间[J]. 人文地理.2002,17(4):20-24.
[30] 甄峰,曹小曙,姚亦锋.信息时代区域空间结构构成要素分析[J].人文地理.2004,19(5):40-45.
[31] 姚士谋,朱英明,陈振光.信息环境下城市群区的发展[J].规划研究.2001,25(8):16-18.
[32] 周年兴,俞孔坚,李迪华. 信息时代城市功能及其空间结构的变迁[J]. 地理与地理信息科学.2004,20(2):70-72.
[33] 李和平,严爱琼. 信息时代城市空间结构的发展[J]. 重庆建筑大学报.2002,24(4):1-6.
[34] 方维慰,信息技术与城市空间结构的优化[J].城市规划设计.2006,13(1):30-33.
[35] (德)滕尼斯.共同体与社会[M].北京:商务印书馆,1999.
[36] Wilson A.A Statistical Theory of Spatial Distribution Models[J]. Transportation Research,1967,1(1):253-267.
[37] 刘瑛,杨伯溆.互联网与虚拟社区[J].社会学研究.2003.5:1-7.
[38] 侯自强,李建华.网络空间上的交互式电视服务——互联网上的实时视频[J].中国图像图形学报.1997.2(4):257-260.
[39] LEIGH N.G. People versus place: telecommunications and flexihility requirements of the CBD in cities in the telecommunications age [A]James .The Fracturing of Gcngraphics [C].2000. 302- 331.
[40] BATTY M. Invisible citis [J].Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design,1990, 17: 127- 130.
[41] FATHY T A.Telecity:Information Technology and Its Impact on City Form [M]1991.93- 103.
[42] CASTELLS M.The Informational City[M].Blackwell Publishers, 1989.1-9.
[43] MITCHELL J.W City of Bits [M] MIT Press, 1996.1-8
[44] TOWNSEND A.M The internet and the rise of the New Network Cities, 1969-1999 [J] Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 2001, 28(1)39-58
[45] 孙世界.信息化城市:信息技术与城市关系初探[J].城市规划 2001.25(5):30-33
[46] 曹国华,崔功豪.2002.信息社会电子空间与城市发展研究.国际智能交通,(12):81-84.
[47] 郭鸿懋,江曼琦,陆军等.城市空间经济学.北京:经济科学出版社,2002: 48-52
[48] 王亚南,赵永革.百年城市变迁,中国经济出版社,1999.
[49] 丁健.现代城市经济,同济大学出版社,2001年
[50] 邢兰芹,王慧,曹明明.1990年代以来西安城市居住空间重构与分异.城市规划,2004 28(6):68一73.
[51] 张文忠,刘旺,孟斌.北京市区居住环境的区位优势度分析.地理学报,2005, 60 (1):115-121.
[52] Lefebvre .H. Madanipour, A Reflections 0n the Politics of Space Antipode 1976, 8 (2):30一37.
[53] 杭州市规划局等. 杭州城市总体规划(2001 -2020)纲要,2002.
[54] 杭州市规划局等.迈向钱塘江时代.同济大学出版社,2002.
[55] 杭州市委政研室等.“住宅杭州”研究课题汇编,2000.