潜流人工湿地启动期反硝化碳源补充技术研究
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摘要
垂直流/水平流组合人工湿地中水平潜流湿地常存在启动期反硝化碳源不足的问题。本论文旨在研究香蒲枯叶的投加能否强化潜流人工湿地系统反硝化效果并以反硝化速率常数量化表征强化效果。
为研究植物、经简单物理预处理香蒲枯叶、经碱洗预处理香蒲枯叶对潜流人工湿地系统反硝化效果的影响,共建立5套反应器系统,分别为无植物-无香蒲枯叶系统、种植植物-无香蒲枯叶系统、无植物-投加经简单物理预处理香蒲枯叶系统、种植植物-投加经简单物理预处理香蒲枯叶系统、种植植物-经碱洗预处理香蒲枯叶系统。通过试验表明:
(1)相同条件下,投加香蒲枯叶可强化系统反硝化效果,且经碱洗预处理香蒲枯叶的强化效果优于只经简单物理预处理香蒲枯叶的强化效果——在均种植有植物系统中,在反应器运行前33d内,经碱洗预处理香蒲枯叶反硝化速率常数约为只经简单物理预处理香蒲枯叶反硝化速率常数的3.18倍;反应器运行中后期,经碱洗预处理香蒲枯叶反硝化速率常数约为只经简单物理预处理香蒲枯叶反硝化速率常数的2.66倍;(2)植物与香蒲枯叶对潜流人工湿地系统反硝化的影响不等于两者单独影响之和,既有植物又有只经简单物理预处理香蒲枯叶系统的反硝化速率常数小于同一批次内只种植有植物系统的反硝化速率常数与只投加经简单物理预处理香蒲枯叶系统的反硝化速率常数之和;(3)若将本试验条件下得到的运行中后期较为稳定的反硝化速率常数均值应用于实际工程中可得,投加只经简单物理预处理香蒲枯叶系统占地面积仅约为不投加外加碳源湿地占地面积的50%;(4)采用分子生物学PCR-DGGE技术对不同反应器中微生物种群结构特征研究后发现:5个反应器的微生物多样性无显著差异,Shannon指数较为接近。DGGE割胶测序后得到的结果表明所得基因序列属于Leptolyngbya属和Escherichia属。
Most sub-surface flow wetlands of the VF/HF constructed wetlands can not treat NO_3~- -N efficiently because of the low organic concentration when taken into use at the beginning. This thesis aimed at studying whether adding harvest plant can enhance the effect of the denitrification, which uses denitrification rate constant to quantify.
In order to study the effect of living plants, harvest plant with simple pre-treatment and harvest plant with pre-treatment boiling in NaOH, 5 different reactors were set up, which were no living plant-no harvest plant reactor, living plant-no harvest plant reactor, no living plant- harvest plant with simple pre-treatment reactor, living plant- harvest plant with simple pre-treatment reactor, living plant-harvest plant with pre-treatment boiling in NaOH. The experiment results show:
(1)Under the same situation, adding harvest plants can enhance the effect of denitrification, and effect of the harvest plants with pre-treatment boiling in NaOH is better than the harvest plants with simple pre-treatment, with the result of the denitrification rate constant of the harvest plants with pre-treatment boiling in NaOH is 3.18 times higher than the harvest plants with simple pre-treatment in the first 33d and the denitrification rate constant of the harvest plants with pre-treatment boiling in NaOH is 2.66 times higher than the harvest plants with simple pre-treatment after 33d. (2)The effect of living plants and harvest plants to denitrification in the sub-surface flow wetland is not equal to the sum of each affection alone , the dentrification rate constant of the system with plants and simple pre-treatment is lower than the sum of constants in the system just having living plants or just adding harvest plants with simple pre-treatment. (3)If using the denitrification rate constant acquired from the experiment, it can be accounted that the area of the constructed wetlands can be saved about 50% if adding harvest plants with simple pre-treatment compared with the constructed wetlands without harvest plants. (4)The molecular biological method PCR-DGGE was used to study the microbial community. After analyzing the DGGE result, it was found that there was no distinct difference of the microbial community and the Shannon index between 5 reactors. After analyzing the result of DGGE bands, it was found that the bacteria were close to Leptolyngbya sp. and Escherichia sp.
为研究植物、经简单物理预处理香蒲枯叶、经碱洗预处理香蒲枯叶对潜流人工湿地系统反硝化效果的影响,共建立5套反应器系统,分别为无植物-无香蒲枯叶系统、种植植物-无香蒲枯叶系统、无植物-投加经简单物理预处理香蒲枯叶系统、种植植物-投加经简单物理预处理香蒲枯叶系统、种植植物-经碱洗预处理香蒲枯叶系统。通过试验表明:
(1)相同条件下,投加香蒲枯叶可强化系统反硝化效果,且经碱洗预处理香蒲枯叶的强化效果优于只经简单物理预处理香蒲枯叶的强化效果——在均种植有植物系统中,在反应器运行前33d内,经碱洗预处理香蒲枯叶反硝化速率常数约为只经简单物理预处理香蒲枯叶反硝化速率常数的3.18倍;反应器运行中后期,经碱洗预处理香蒲枯叶反硝化速率常数约为只经简单物理预处理香蒲枯叶反硝化速率常数的2.66倍;(2)植物与香蒲枯叶对潜流人工湿地系统反硝化的影响不等于两者单独影响之和,既有植物又有只经简单物理预处理香蒲枯叶系统的反硝化速率常数小于同一批次内只种植有植物系统的反硝化速率常数与只投加经简单物理预处理香蒲枯叶系统的反硝化速率常数之和;(3)若将本试验条件下得到的运行中后期较为稳定的反硝化速率常数均值应用于实际工程中可得,投加只经简单物理预处理香蒲枯叶系统占地面积仅约为不投加外加碳源湿地占地面积的50%;(4)采用分子生物学PCR-DGGE技术对不同反应器中微生物种群结构特征研究后发现:5个反应器的微生物多样性无显著差异,Shannon指数较为接近。DGGE割胶测序后得到的结果表明所得基因序列属于Leptolyngbya属和Escherichia属。
Most sub-surface flow wetlands of the VF/HF constructed wetlands can not treat NO_3~- -N efficiently because of the low organic concentration when taken into use at the beginning. This thesis aimed at studying whether adding harvest plant can enhance the effect of the denitrification, which uses denitrification rate constant to quantify.
In order to study the effect of living plants, harvest plant with simple pre-treatment and harvest plant with pre-treatment boiling in NaOH, 5 different reactors were set up, which were no living plant-no harvest plant reactor, living plant-no harvest plant reactor, no living plant- harvest plant with simple pre-treatment reactor, living plant- harvest plant with simple pre-treatment reactor, living plant-harvest plant with pre-treatment boiling in NaOH. The experiment results show:
(1)Under the same situation, adding harvest plants can enhance the effect of denitrification, and effect of the harvest plants with pre-treatment boiling in NaOH is better than the harvest plants with simple pre-treatment, with the result of the denitrification rate constant of the harvest plants with pre-treatment boiling in NaOH is 3.18 times higher than the harvest plants with simple pre-treatment in the first 33d and the denitrification rate constant of the harvest plants with pre-treatment boiling in NaOH is 2.66 times higher than the harvest plants with simple pre-treatment after 33d. (2)The effect of living plants and harvest plants to denitrification in the sub-surface flow wetland is not equal to the sum of each affection alone , the dentrification rate constant of the system with plants and simple pre-treatment is lower than the sum of constants in the system just having living plants or just adding harvest plants with simple pre-treatment. (3)If using the denitrification rate constant acquired from the experiment, it can be accounted that the area of the constructed wetlands can be saved about 50% if adding harvest plants with simple pre-treatment compared with the constructed wetlands without harvest plants. (4)The molecular biological method PCR-DGGE was used to study the microbial community. After analyzing the DGGE result, it was found that there was no distinct difference of the microbial community and the Shannon index between 5 reactors. After analyzing the result of DGGE bands, it was found that the bacteria were close to Leptolyngbya sp. and Escherichia sp.
引文
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