海岛旅游开发模式探讨
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摘要
海岛旅游开发对于海岛社区的经济、社会文化、资源环境等会产生巨大的影响，可以促进海岛社区的经济发展、社会进步。但如果海岛旅游开发控制不好，或者开发不合理，便会给相对脆弱的海岛环境带来一定的副作用。因此，海岛采取何种模式来开发经营，以最大限度的发挥海岛旅游的积极影响而同时弱化其消极影响，将是海岛旅游社区实现可持续发展的首要问题。
虽然已有众多学者研究了海岛旅游，但其研究内容主要集中在海岛旅游的可持续发展之宏观政策指导上，而缺乏对实际操作模式的研究。而开发模式的选择对于融资、环境保护和海岛社区旅游可持续发展都有非常重要的意义。本文主要研究目的是通过理论与实践的结合，借助对国际著名海岛旅游目的地开发模式的研究，总结其开发的成功经验，进一步结合对海岛旅游产品的分析，并以舟山群岛为例，探讨其未来所需采取的开发模式以实现可持续发展。
文章从基础概念着手，解释了海岛旅游与海洋旅游的差异。在分析海岛旅游开发优、劣势的基础上，探讨了海岛旅游的动力产生机制；从驱动力、投资主体和管理体制三个不同的角度对开发模式进行了分类描述；同时对海岛旅游的产品体系进行了分析。在此基础上，采用实证分析的方法，选择马尔代夫、夏威夷、新加坡、坎昆四个国际典型的海岛旅游目的地作为案例，详细分析了四者开发的成功经验。尔后以浙江省舟山群岛为例，分析了舟山群岛的基本属性和现行的开发模式，对舟山群岛发展旅游进行SWOT分析，在此基础上探讨了未来舟山群岛实现可持续发展所需要采取的发展模式并提出了相关开发建议。文章最后对整个研究过程中存在的问题和不足进行了总结。
The development of island tourism will bring great effect to the island community's economy, social culture, resources and environment. It will promote the development of economy, social in the community, but at the same time, side-effect will be brought to the relatively fragile island ecological environment. So, in order to make use of the positive effect of island tourism and at the same time restrain its' negative effect, which development mode the island chooses will be very important.
Though there have been many scholars researching the island tourism, the content is main about macroscopically policies about sustainable development of island tourism, it lacks the research about the practical development mode. The mode is important to finance, protect environment and promote the sustainable development in the island community. So the main purpose of the dissertation is to research the development mode of island tourism in order to lead the actual development.
Starting from the basic concepts, and on the base of analysis about the strength and weakness of island tourism, the dissertation studies the drive mechanism, development mode and product form, according to the different angles the development mode and product form are classified into three series. Then, adopting the Positive Analysis, choosing four international classical island tourism destinations such as Maldives, Hawaii, Singapore, Cancun, and complex analysis were given to them about their successful experiences in development mode. In the sixth chapter, as an example of Zhoushan archipelago, the dissertation analyzes the basic attributes about Zhoushan society, economy, nature and actual development mode, and gives corresponding appraise, and meanwhile analyzes the strength, weakness, opportunity, threat about tourism development in Zhoushan archipelago.
In the end, this dissertation concludes with the existing problems and shortcomings in the research process of the development mode in the island tourism and put forwards prospects of this research.
虽然已有众多学者研究了海岛旅游，但其研究内容主要集中在海岛旅游的可持续发展之宏观政策指导上，而缺乏对实际操作模式的研究。而开发模式的选择对于融资、环境保护和海岛社区旅游可持续发展都有非常重要的意义。本文主要研究目的是通过理论与实践的结合，借助对国际著名海岛旅游目的地开发模式的研究，总结其开发的成功经验，进一步结合对海岛旅游产品的分析，并以舟山群岛为例，探讨其未来所需采取的开发模式以实现可持续发展。
文章从基础概念着手，解释了海岛旅游与海洋旅游的差异。在分析海岛旅游开发优、劣势的基础上，探讨了海岛旅游的动力产生机制；从驱动力、投资主体和管理体制三个不同的角度对开发模式进行了分类描述；同时对海岛旅游的产品体系进行了分析。在此基础上，采用实证分析的方法，选择马尔代夫、夏威夷、新加坡、坎昆四个国际典型的海岛旅游目的地作为案例，详细分析了四者开发的成功经验。尔后以浙江省舟山群岛为例，分析了舟山群岛的基本属性和现行的开发模式，对舟山群岛发展旅游进行SWOT分析，在此基础上探讨了未来舟山群岛实现可持续发展所需要采取的发展模式并提出了相关开发建议。文章最后对整个研究过程中存在的问题和不足进行了总结。
The development of island tourism will bring great effect to the island community's economy, social culture, resources and environment. It will promote the development of economy, social in the community, but at the same time, side-effect will be brought to the relatively fragile island ecological environment. So, in order to make use of the positive effect of island tourism and at the same time restrain its' negative effect, which development mode the island chooses will be very important.
Though there have been many scholars researching the island tourism, the content is main about macroscopically policies about sustainable development of island tourism, it lacks the research about the practical development mode. The mode is important to finance, protect environment and promote the sustainable development in the island community. So the main purpose of the dissertation is to research the development mode of island tourism in order to lead the actual development.
Starting from the basic concepts, and on the base of analysis about the strength and weakness of island tourism, the dissertation studies the drive mechanism, development mode and product form, according to the different angles the development mode and product form are classified into three series. Then, adopting the Positive Analysis, choosing four international classical island tourism destinations such as Maldives, Hawaii, Singapore, Cancun, and complex analysis were given to them about their successful experiences in development mode. In the sixth chapter, as an example of Zhoushan archipelago, the dissertation analyzes the basic attributes about Zhoushan society, economy, nature and actual development mode, and gives corresponding appraise, and meanwhile analyzes the strength, weakness, opportunity, threat about tourism development in Zhoushan archipelago.
In the end, this dissertation concludes with the existing problems and shortcomings in the research process of the development mode in the island tourism and put forwards prospects of this research.
引文
[1] 资料来源 http://info.med.hc360.com/html/001/001/004/43827.htm
[2] 资料来源 http://info.med.hc360.com/2005/12/09160072678.shtml
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[2] 资料来源 http://info.med.hc360.com/2005/12/09160072678.shtml
白洁．发展海岛旅游业的制约因素及对策．生态科学，2002，21(2)：179-181．
保继刚，楚义芳．旅游地理学[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，2004：27-28．
陈丹红．关于我国海岛科学开发利用的政策思考[D]．硕士学位论文．武汉：武汉大学行政管理，2005．
陈航，王跃伟．浅论我国海岛旅游文化资源及其开发[J]．海洋开发与管理，2005：72-75．
陈可文．中国海洋经济学[M]．北京：海洋出版社，2003：101-106．
陈可馨，陈家刚．我国海岛资源的持续利用[J]，天津师范大学学报(自然科学版)，2002， 22(1)：60-63．
池雄标．滨海旅游理论与实践[M]．中山大学出版社，2004．
邓永进，薛群慧，赵伯乐．民俗风情旅游[M]云南：云南大学出版社，2001：1-36．
郭鲁芳．浙江海洋旅游可持续发展对策研究[J]，江苏商论，2005(12)：103-105．
韩秋影，黄小平，施平．我国海岛开发存在的问题及对策研究[J]．湛江海洋大学学报，2005， 25(5)：7-10．
胡海胜．广西民族体育旅游开发研究[J]．广西社会科学，2004，8：138-140．
胡建伟．国际滨海度假旅游的发展策略研究[J]．广西社会科学，2006，3：58-61．
黄佛君，张雷．主题公园旅游文化探讨[J]．边疆经济与文化，2006，4：14-17．
黄翔，连建功．中国节庆旅游研究进展[J]．旅游科学，2006，20(1)：45-49．
贾轶丽，郑国．旅游区位非优区的旅游业发展研究[J]．旅游学刊，2002(5)：58-61．
孔海燕．发展旅游对海岛环境的影响及应对策略研究[J]．四川环境，2005，24(3)：22-24．
李德远．明清时期海岛开发模式研究[J]．中国边疆史地研究，2005，15(1)：70-77．
李隆华．海洋旅游学导论[M]．杭州：浙江大学出版社，2005：153-154．
李明．斜阳岛旅游开发模式初探[J]．广西经济，2000(8)：23-24．
李宜革．旅游海岛水资源承载力模型及应用研究[D]．长沙：湖南大学，2003．
李溢．世界热带亚热带滨海旅游开发研究[M]．旅游教育出版社，1997：20-22．
凌申．海岛旅游村镇建设刍议——以刘公岛为例[J]．小城镇建设，2004(3)：78-79．
刘刚，孙建．对深化观光旅游若干问题的探讨[J]．边疆经济与文化，2006，12：42-45．
刘家明．国内外海岛旅游开发研究[J]．华中示范大学学报(自然科学版)，2000，34(3)：349-352．
卢昆．山东省海岛旅游开发研究[J]：硕士学位论文．山东：青岛大学旅游学院，2004．
潘燕，徐冰．中国海岛忧思录[J]．望新闻周刊，2005，26(39)：31-32．
彭华．旅游发展驱动机制及动力模型探析[J]旅游学刊，1999(6)：39-44．
彭静，朱竑．海岛文化研究进展及展望[J]，人文地理，2006(2)：99-103．
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