基于要素禀赋、市场分割视角的区域汽车产业竞争力研究
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摘要
改革开放以来,由行政分权与地方竞争所引起的市场分割,一直是我国经济运行中存在的突出问题。要素禀赋结构对区域产业竞争力产生了极大的限制,而在存在市场分割的形势下,区域市场价格信号被人为扭曲,造成产业要素投入结构、产业产出结构被人为扭曲,降低了产业的生产效率,阻碍区域产业竞争力的提升。本文运用技术经济学、产业经济学、区域经济增长理论及统计学相关理论,围绕着“要素禀赋、市场分割与区域产业竞争力”的选题展开分析。首先,在对相关研究文献进行对比分析的基础上,阐述了要素禀赋、市场分割与产业竞争力相关的理论;其次,对要素禀赋、市场分割与区域产业竞争力三者之间的作用机理进行了系统剖析;然后,依据上述分析,分别构建了区域产业竞争力评价模型,市场分割对产业竞争力负面作用测度模型,要素禀赋、市场分割与区域产业竞争力关系的理论模型,并以我国各省区的汽车产业为例做了实证研究;最后,本文结合实证分析结果对我国汽车产业的要素禀赋、市场分割以及二者对汽车产业竞争力影响作用现状进行了分析,并提出了解决国内市场分割现象、在充分发挥各地区要素比较优势基础上提高各地区产业竞争能力的对策建议。以上研究有助于政府部门制定我国汽车产业发展政策,打破地方保护、消除市场分割,实现遵循要素禀赋结构的汽车产业发展战略。可见,本论文研究内容具有一定的开拓意义和现实意义。
The establishment of an unified nationwide market is a crucial task that China has always faced. Since reform and opening up, China has attained a relatively large effect on building a unified market system. However, the unified domestic market has always not been formed, and the local market segmentation is an outstanding problem in economic development yet. At present, the academe has done in-depth analysis and obtained a large number of research results about the causes, performance, governance and the loss of efficiency in market segmentation. According to research literatures, market segmentation leads that the free flow of the production factors and the goods are restricted inter province. So collocation of production factors and price of products are distorted. Moreover, enterprises can not centralize in a certain region and not increase the scale of the business and market competitiveness by reducing its production costs. Finally, element structures, market structures and industrial structures inter province have serious distortion, which go against the enhancement of regional industrial competitiveness.
In recent years, many international scholars have expressed concern on market segmentation, industrial competitiveness and regional industrial competitiveness. And they have done the corresponding theoretical and empirical research, attained a great deal of research results about the formation mechanism, elements, competitive strength, external environment, effective mechanism, status evaluation and improving measures of industrial competitiveness. Some scholars have analyzed factor endowments and regional industrial competitiveness by use of the relative advantages and factor endowments theory. Other scholars have put empirical analysis about which market segmentation impact on the industrial competitiveness. However, the relationships among factor endowments, market segmentation and industrial competitiveness have not been analyzed systemically. So the study of this issue has practical significance in the situation of serious market segmentation and protection by local governments in our country.
Therefore, this paper tries to make up this deficiency. Starting research from the above issues, and based on inspecting the interaction mechanism among factor endowments, market segmentation and regional industrial competitiveness, this paper, whose research object is the auto industries of different regions in China, mainly analyzes the influence of factor endowments and market segmentation on regional industrial competitiveness of China, trying to make some experimental supplements for the questions the predecessors have not stepped to. The content is divided into four parts: basic theories, analyzing the impact mechanism of factor endowment, market segmentation and regional industrial competitiveness, constructing the theoretic model and empirical analysis, current situation and strategies.
1. Basic theories
Based on the comparative analysis of the relevant literatures about factor endowments, market segmentation and industrial competitiveness, this section starts with the theory of factor endowments, comparative advantages and competitive advantages, introduces the regional elements and their flowing effect, industrial clustering and industrial concentration. Then, on the basis of the basic concepts of competition, competitiveness and industrial competitiveness, this section analyses the similarities and differences among industrial competitiveness, national competitiveness and enterprise competitiveness, deeply analyzing the elements and effect of industrial competitiveness, the characteristics and elements of regional industrial competitiveness. Finally, the author insists that multi-factor evaluation method is more suitable to quantitatively estimate and analyze regional industrial competitiveness according to systemic analysis on evaluation theory and methods of industrial competitiveness
2. The impact mechanism of Factor Endowment, Market Segmentation and Regional Industrial Competitiveness
According to the former analysis, we can draw a crucial conclusion that there are close relationship among factor endowment, market segmentation and industrial competitiveness, and regional industrial competitiveness is influenced by the factor endowment and market segmentation. Therefore, this thesis uses the theory knowledge in respects such as comparative advantage, competitiveness advantage, industrial structure, trade and division the work, etc., to carry on system comb and analyze to the function relation between factor endowment, market segmentation and competitiveness three of regional industry, from angle of the industrial structure. In this section the analysis is started from factor endowment and industry's competitiveness at first. Secondly analyses the effects of market segmentation on regional industry's competitiveness, behavior. Finally, carry on in-depth analysis to factor endowment, market segmentation and dynamic function mechanism of the regional industry's competitiveness.
3. Constructing the theoretic model and empirical analysis
In this section, on the basis of relevant function mechanism among factor endowment, market segmentation and industry's competitiveness, the author constructs the appraises model of regional industry competitiveness, the estimate model of the negative effect of market segmentation to industry competitiveness, and the theory model of relation among factor endowment, market segmentation and regional industry competitiveness, combining with the existed theory and method. The first model is constructed from four respects: industry environment, industry structure, industry input and produces, basing on the associative relation mainly that exists with factor endowment, industrial structure and industry competitiveness, and carry on the positive analysis to the automobile industry competitiveness of every province in our country. The second one is mainly to estimate the technological efficiency loss of region caused by market segmentation, which is used to reflect its negative effects toward regional industry competitiveness. The last one is constructed based on drawing lessons from the gravitation model. Theses researches have offered important theory supporting to the analysis of current situation and industry technology choice.
4. Current situation and strategies
In this part, based on the positive analysis, the dissertation analyzes the current situations of automobile industry systematically on factor endowment and market segmentation in China, and finds out the primal problems restricting the competitiveness level. Then, we provide the guidelines and basic principles of solving those problems by using the related theories on comparative advantage, competition advantage, industry and industrial structure. And it brings forward some reasonable policies from the angle of promoting the upgrade of factor endowment and dispelling market segmentation and the regional protectionism.
In summary, there’re complicated functions among factor endowment, market segmentation and regional industry competitiveness. Regional industry competitiveness has been restricted by the structure of regional factor endowment greatly. But under the condition existing market segmentation, signal is thought to twist at the regional market price, which causes the structure of industry key element input and industry produce (product structure) are both thought to twist. So the production efficiency of the industry has been reduced, and the promotion of the regional industry competitiveness has been hindered. This thesis elected automobile industry of province of our country as the research object. Carry on the analysis of real example to the function relation among factor endowment, market segmentation and industry's competitiveness. The conclusion has proved the exactness that theoretical analyzes above. Finally, combine with the conclusion, the article analyses our country factor endowment, market segmentation, and the current situation to automobile industry competitiveness under the former two factor influences. At the same time, the dissertation also brings forward the corresponding countermeasure and suggestion.
The establishment of an unified nationwide market is a crucial task that China has always faced. Since reform and opening up, China has attained a relatively large effect on building a unified market system. However, the unified domestic market has always not been formed, and the local market segmentation is an outstanding problem in economic development yet. At present, the academe has done in-depth analysis and obtained a large number of research results about the causes, performance, governance and the loss of efficiency in market segmentation. According to research literatures, market segmentation leads that the free flow of the production factors and the goods are restricted inter province. So collocation of production factors and price of products are distorted. Moreover, enterprises can not centralize in a certain region and not increase the scale of the business and market competitiveness by reducing its production costs. Finally, element structures, market structures and industrial structures inter province have serious distortion, which go against the enhancement of regional industrial competitiveness.
In recent years, many international scholars have expressed concern on market segmentation, industrial competitiveness and regional industrial competitiveness. And they have done the corresponding theoretical and empirical research, attained a great deal of research results about the formation mechanism, elements, competitive strength, external environment, effective mechanism, status evaluation and improving measures of industrial competitiveness. Some scholars have analyzed factor endowments and regional industrial competitiveness by use of the relative advantages and factor endowments theory. Other scholars have put empirical analysis about which market segmentation impact on the industrial competitiveness. However, the relationships among factor endowments, market segmentation and industrial competitiveness have not been analyzed systemically. So the study of this issue has practical significance in the situation of serious market segmentation and protection by local governments in our country.
Therefore, this paper tries to make up this deficiency. Starting research from the above issues, and based on inspecting the interaction mechanism among factor endowments, market segmentation and regional industrial competitiveness, this paper, whose research object is the auto industries of different regions in China, mainly analyzes the influence of factor endowments and market segmentation on regional industrial competitiveness of China, trying to make some experimental supplements for the questions the predecessors have not stepped to. The content is divided into four parts: basic theories, analyzing the impact mechanism of factor endowment, market segmentation and regional industrial competitiveness, constructing the theoretic model and empirical analysis, current situation and strategies.
1. Basic theories
Based on the comparative analysis of the relevant literatures about factor endowments, market segmentation and industrial competitiveness, this section starts with the theory of factor endowments, comparative advantages and competitive advantages, introduces the regional elements and their flowing effect, industrial clustering and industrial concentration. Then, on the basis of the basic concepts of competition, competitiveness and industrial competitiveness, this section analyses the similarities and differences among industrial competitiveness, national competitiveness and enterprise competitiveness, deeply analyzing the elements and effect of industrial competitiveness, the characteristics and elements of regional industrial competitiveness. Finally, the author insists that multi-factor evaluation method is more suitable to quantitatively estimate and analyze regional industrial competitiveness according to systemic analysis on evaluation theory and methods of industrial competitiveness
2. The impact mechanism of Factor Endowment, Market Segmentation and Regional Industrial Competitiveness
According to the former analysis, we can draw a crucial conclusion that there are close relationship among factor endowment, market segmentation and industrial competitiveness, and regional industrial competitiveness is influenced by the factor endowment and market segmentation. Therefore, this thesis uses the theory knowledge in respects such as comparative advantage, competitiveness advantage, industrial structure, trade and division the work, etc., to carry on system comb and analyze to the function relation between factor endowment, market segmentation and competitiveness three of regional industry, from angle of the industrial structure. In this section the analysis is started from factor endowment and industry's competitiveness at first. Secondly analyses the effects of market segmentation on regional industry's competitiveness, behavior. Finally, carry on in-depth analysis to factor endowment, market segmentation and dynamic function mechanism of the regional industry's competitiveness.
3. Constructing the theoretic model and empirical analysis
In this section, on the basis of relevant function mechanism among factor endowment, market segmentation and industry's competitiveness, the author constructs the appraises model of regional industry competitiveness, the estimate model of the negative effect of market segmentation to industry competitiveness, and the theory model of relation among factor endowment, market segmentation and regional industry competitiveness, combining with the existed theory and method. The first model is constructed from four respects: industry environment, industry structure, industry input and produces, basing on the associative relation mainly that exists with factor endowment, industrial structure and industry competitiveness, and carry on the positive analysis to the automobile industry competitiveness of every province in our country. The second one is mainly to estimate the technological efficiency loss of region caused by market segmentation, which is used to reflect its negative effects toward regional industry competitiveness. The last one is constructed based on drawing lessons from the gravitation model. Theses researches have offered important theory supporting to the analysis of current situation and industry technology choice.
4. Current situation and strategies
In this part, based on the positive analysis, the dissertation analyzes the current situations of automobile industry systematically on factor endowment and market segmentation in China, and finds out the primal problems restricting the competitiveness level. Then, we provide the guidelines and basic principles of solving those problems by using the related theories on comparative advantage, competition advantage, industry and industrial structure. And it brings forward some reasonable policies from the angle of promoting the upgrade of factor endowment and dispelling market segmentation and the regional protectionism.
In summary, there’re complicated functions among factor endowment, market segmentation and regional industry competitiveness. Regional industry competitiveness has been restricted by the structure of regional factor endowment greatly. But under the condition existing market segmentation, signal is thought to twist at the regional market price, which causes the structure of industry key element input and industry produce (product structure) are both thought to twist. So the production efficiency of the industry has been reduced, and the promotion of the regional industry competitiveness has been hindered. This thesis elected automobile industry of province of our country as the research object. Carry on the analysis of real example to the function relation among factor endowment, market segmentation and industry's competitiveness. The conclusion has proved the exactness that theoretical analyzes above. Finally, combine with the conclusion, the article analyses our country factor endowment, market segmentation, and the current situation to automobile industry competitiveness under the former two factor influences. At the same time, the dissertation also brings forward the corresponding countermeasure and suggestion.
引文
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