孔内典型工况识别技术研究及其在高精度钻参仪中的实现
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摘要
国务院“关于加强地质工作的决定”(国发(2006)4号文)指出,应大力推进深部和外围找矿工作,提高基础地质调查程度。钻探技术正是获取地下深部勘探对象实物地质资料的唯一手段。由于地质条件复杂、加之钻进过程发生在地下深部,使得钻探工程具有耗资大、风险高的特点。随着找矿工作的难度和深度加大,凭经验控制钻探过程更加困难,孔内事故时有发生。据不完全统计,每年因孔(井)内钻探事故造成的经济损失数以亿元计。因此,国内外钻探(井)界都清醒地认识到,为钻探机械配上“钻探参数监测仪表”,实施钻探过程的连续监测,识别并预报孔内异常工况,是由凭经验打钻走向科学施工的必由之路。为此国家启动了863重点项目“2000m地质岩心钻探关键技术与装备”(项目号:2007AA06701)。本文主要研究的孔内典型工况识别技术是该项目的二级课题“高精度钻探参数监测系统研制”(下文简称“钻参仪”)中的主要技术难点和创新点之一。
目前大部分钻参仪只提供实时监测钻探参数曲线,而不具有工况自动识别功能,这要求钻探技术人员和工人具有根据钻探参数曲线变化判断孔内工况的能力,否则无法发挥钻参仪的实际功能,为了实现科学钻探,及时识别孔内工况突变引起的钻探事故,必须深入进行工况识别技术研究。由于地层的复杂性,仅仅利用几个地表钻探参数来识别发生在地层深处的孔内工况是非常困难的,加之目前国内外在借助地表钻探参数识别孔内工况的研究成果较少,更增加了孔内工况识别技术的研究难度。
本文在研究传统钻参仪工况识别原理的基础上,结合现代事故检测与诊断理论、孔内工况识别机理、专家经验,提出了本文孔内典型工况识别的思路:以传统工况识别方法(“阀值”、“方差”等与工况识别相关的约束条件)为基础首先进行快速初步工况识别;利用小波分析定位工况发生的时刻,提取工况突变特征信息,进行孔内典型工况识别;利用时间序列分析进行未来工况预测识别。
本文工况识别方法的核心算法是小波分析、时间序列分析。其中小波分析是近年来发展起来的一种崭新的时频分析方法,具有良好的时频局部化特性和对信号的自适应变焦距和多尺度分析能力。小波的多分辨率分析是将信号在不同尺度上展开,提取信号在不同频带上的特征,同时又保留信号在各个尺度上的时频特性,因此在突变信号检测研究中具有无可比拟的优势,非常适合处理非稳定信号,这为获取孔内工况突变的特征信息提供了一种有效手段。时间序列分析是将数据看作一个按时间次序排列的序列,并通过相邻数据之间的相关性来建立拟合时间序列的数学模型,通过对信号进行参数高阶双谱估计可找出特征信号突变的区域,通过滚动预测的方法,可一步预测推广到N步预测。
文中首先介绍“2000m全液压钻机高精度钻探参数监测系统”的整体设计、具体叙述用于孔内典型工况识别的钻探参数检测方法设计及传感器在钻机和水泵上的安装与标定,并简要介绍钻参仪的检测电路设计。然后重点研究孔内典型工况识别机理,在分析传统钻参仪特点基础上,提出本文的工况识别思路;接着根据识别思路研究了小波分析、时间序列分析的数学理论,根据孔内典型工况识别机理得出孔内典型工况的判据,之后完成识别软件的设计,并利用DDW-3微机钻参仪实际钻探测得的钻探数据进行分析验证。最后简要介绍了钻参仪的软件系统设计与实现,并利用本文开发的孔内典型工况识别软件处理大陆科学钻探1#井的某段钻探数据,实际验证了该识别软件功能。
论文第六章总结了笔者的主要研究内容,归纳了本文主要创新点,针对所开发的孔内典型工况识别软件和识别算法的不足,提出了今后研究中待改进和继续完善之处。
"Decision on strengthening geological work"(National Development(2006) No.4) distributed by the State Council indicated that peripheral deep exploration and the level of basic geological survey should be vigorously promoted.Drilling technology is the only means to obtain the geological exploration data in deep underground.The geological condition complex and drilling occurring in the depth underground cause the drilling project having the characteristics of huge-cost,high-risk.With the increasing of the difficulty and the depth of mineral exploration,the work of controlling the drilling process by experience become more and more difficult and the Hole Accidents often happen.According to the incomplete statistics,each year the drilling holes(wells) accidents caused the economic losses of hundreds of millions dollars.Therefore,the domestic and foreign drilling(well) workers soberly realized that the drilling machine equipped "the drilling monitoring instrumentation"could continuously monitor the drilling process and identification and forecasting the drilling hole abnormal condition,which is the only way that the experience drilling moves toward the scientific drilling. Therefore,the country started 863 key projects "2000m key geological core drilling technology and equipment"(Project No.:2007AA06701).This paper studies the recognition technology of the typical working condition in drilling hole,which is the major technique difficulty and innovation in the high-accuracy drilling parameter observation system development"(as follows abbreviation "drilling monitor") as this project second-level topic.
Participation in most drilling monitor only provides real-time monitoring drilling parameters curve,instead of working conditions with automatic recognition function,which requires drilling and technical personnel and workers having the ability to determine hole conditions by drilling parameters curve,otherwise it is impossible to exert the actual function of the drilling monitor.In order to achieve scientific drilling,timely identify of hole conditions caused by mutations in drilling accident,we must carry out in-depth study on the identification technology of hole conditions.For the complexity of Stratigraphy,identifying what happened at the depths drilling hole formation only by several surface drilling parameters is very difficult.In addition that the achievements in the identification technology of hole conditions research at home and abroad are very little,it also increases working condition of the hole recognition technology research difficult.
On the basis of the study of the traditional drilling monitor to identify the principle of working conditions,combining with the modern theory of the incident detection and diagnosis, the mechanism to identify working conditions in drilling hole and the expert experience,this article put forward a idea to identify typical working conditions in drilling hole.In this article,it will introduce how to identify in the rapid preliminary condition on the basis of the traditional performance recognition method;how to use of wavelet analysis positioning the accident working condition at all times happen and extraction conditions the mutant characteristics of information;how to predict and identify in the next working condition by time series analysis.
In this paper,the core algorithm methods of operating conditions to identify is wavelet analysis,time series analysis.The wavelet analysis developed in recent years,is a new time-frequency analysis method,has a good time-frequency localization and signal characteristics of the adaptive variable focal length and multi-scale analysis.Multi resolution wavelet analysis is the signal at different scales up to start extracting the signal at different frequency bands on the characteristics,while retaining the signal at various scales on the time-frequency characteristics of signal detection,therefore it have an unparalleled advantage in the study of mutation and in very suitable to deal with non-stable signals,which provide an effective strategy to access to the characteristics of mutation information in drilling hole.Time series analysis are the data as a time sequence order,and through the adjacent data correlation between the time series to set up fitting the mathematical model.Firstly,the high-level signal on the parameters estimated spectrum is able to identify the characteristics of signal mutations in the region,then the rolling prediction method is to step to the N-step prediction.
Firstly,the paper introduces the overall design of "2000m full hydraulic drilling rig's high-precision drilling parameter monitoring system",making the specific description about the design drilling parameters of detection methods and sensors at rigs and pumps up the installation and calibration,and briefly introducing the drilling parameters' detection circuit design. Secondly,this paper focus on working identification mechanism of the typical condition in hole, analyzing features of traditional drilling monitor,and proposing its idea of identification conditions.Thirdly,according to the idea of identification conditions,it goes on to study the mathematical theory of wavelet analysis and time series analysis.And the typical working condition of the criterion is drawn under the recognition mechanism of typical working condition in hole.And then the paper finishes the design of recognition software,and uses actual drilling data detected by DDW-3 microcomputer drill to analyze and verify the software.Finally,this article make a brief introduction of the drilling monitor's software system design and implementation,and uses the development of the recognition software of typical working condition in drilling hole to deal with a certain period of actual drilling data of the Continental Scientific Drilling Well # 1 to verify the identification of software functions.
ChapterⅥsummarizes the author's main research and innovation of the thesis,in accordance with the lack of the recognition software of typical working condition in drilling hole and recognition algorithms,proposes something to be improved and continue improvement in future research.
目前大部分钻参仪只提供实时监测钻探参数曲线,而不具有工况自动识别功能,这要求钻探技术人员和工人具有根据钻探参数曲线变化判断孔内工况的能力,否则无法发挥钻参仪的实际功能,为了实现科学钻探,及时识别孔内工况突变引起的钻探事故,必须深入进行工况识别技术研究。由于地层的复杂性,仅仅利用几个地表钻探参数来识别发生在地层深处的孔内工况是非常困难的,加之目前国内外在借助地表钻探参数识别孔内工况的研究成果较少,更增加了孔内工况识别技术的研究难度。
本文在研究传统钻参仪工况识别原理的基础上,结合现代事故检测与诊断理论、孔内工况识别机理、专家经验,提出了本文孔内典型工况识别的思路:以传统工况识别方法(“阀值”、“方差”等与工况识别相关的约束条件)为基础首先进行快速初步工况识别;利用小波分析定位工况发生的时刻,提取工况突变特征信息,进行孔内典型工况识别;利用时间序列分析进行未来工况预测识别。
本文工况识别方法的核心算法是小波分析、时间序列分析。其中小波分析是近年来发展起来的一种崭新的时频分析方法,具有良好的时频局部化特性和对信号的自适应变焦距和多尺度分析能力。小波的多分辨率分析是将信号在不同尺度上展开,提取信号在不同频带上的特征,同时又保留信号在各个尺度上的时频特性,因此在突变信号检测研究中具有无可比拟的优势,非常适合处理非稳定信号,这为获取孔内工况突变的特征信息提供了一种有效手段。时间序列分析是将数据看作一个按时间次序排列的序列,并通过相邻数据之间的相关性来建立拟合时间序列的数学模型,通过对信号进行参数高阶双谱估计可找出特征信号突变的区域,通过滚动预测的方法,可一步预测推广到N步预测。
文中首先介绍“2000m全液压钻机高精度钻探参数监测系统”的整体设计、具体叙述用于孔内典型工况识别的钻探参数检测方法设计及传感器在钻机和水泵上的安装与标定,并简要介绍钻参仪的检测电路设计。然后重点研究孔内典型工况识别机理,在分析传统钻参仪特点基础上,提出本文的工况识别思路;接着根据识别思路研究了小波分析、时间序列分析的数学理论,根据孔内典型工况识别机理得出孔内典型工况的判据,之后完成识别软件的设计,并利用DDW-3微机钻参仪实际钻探测得的钻探数据进行分析验证。最后简要介绍了钻参仪的软件系统设计与实现,并利用本文开发的孔内典型工况识别软件处理大陆科学钻探1#井的某段钻探数据,实际验证了该识别软件功能。
论文第六章总结了笔者的主要研究内容,归纳了本文主要创新点,针对所开发的孔内典型工况识别软件和识别算法的不足,提出了今后研究中待改进和继续完善之处。
"Decision on strengthening geological work"(National Development(2006) No.4) distributed by the State Council indicated that peripheral deep exploration and the level of basic geological survey should be vigorously promoted.Drilling technology is the only means to obtain the geological exploration data in deep underground.The geological condition complex and drilling occurring in the depth underground cause the drilling project having the characteristics of huge-cost,high-risk.With the increasing of the difficulty and the depth of mineral exploration,the work of controlling the drilling process by experience become more and more difficult and the Hole Accidents often happen.According to the incomplete statistics,each year the drilling holes(wells) accidents caused the economic losses of hundreds of millions dollars.Therefore,the domestic and foreign drilling(well) workers soberly realized that the drilling machine equipped "the drilling monitoring instrumentation"could continuously monitor the drilling process and identification and forecasting the drilling hole abnormal condition,which is the only way that the experience drilling moves toward the scientific drilling. Therefore,the country started 863 key projects "2000m key geological core drilling technology and equipment"(Project No.:2007AA06701).This paper studies the recognition technology of the typical working condition in drilling hole,which is the major technique difficulty and innovation in the high-accuracy drilling parameter observation system development"(as follows abbreviation "drilling monitor") as this project second-level topic.
Participation in most drilling monitor only provides real-time monitoring drilling parameters curve,instead of working conditions with automatic recognition function,which requires drilling and technical personnel and workers having the ability to determine hole conditions by drilling parameters curve,otherwise it is impossible to exert the actual function of the drilling monitor.In order to achieve scientific drilling,timely identify of hole conditions caused by mutations in drilling accident,we must carry out in-depth study on the identification technology of hole conditions.For the complexity of Stratigraphy,identifying what happened at the depths drilling hole formation only by several surface drilling parameters is very difficult.In addition that the achievements in the identification technology of hole conditions research at home and abroad are very little,it also increases working condition of the hole recognition technology research difficult.
On the basis of the study of the traditional drilling monitor to identify the principle of working conditions,combining with the modern theory of the incident detection and diagnosis, the mechanism to identify working conditions in drilling hole and the expert experience,this article put forward a idea to identify typical working conditions in drilling hole.In this article,it will introduce how to identify in the rapid preliminary condition on the basis of the traditional performance recognition method;how to use of wavelet analysis positioning the accident working condition at all times happen and extraction conditions the mutant characteristics of information;how to predict and identify in the next working condition by time series analysis.
In this paper,the core algorithm methods of operating conditions to identify is wavelet analysis,time series analysis.The wavelet analysis developed in recent years,is a new time-frequency analysis method,has a good time-frequency localization and signal characteristics of the adaptive variable focal length and multi-scale analysis.Multi resolution wavelet analysis is the signal at different scales up to start extracting the signal at different frequency bands on the characteristics,while retaining the signal at various scales on the time-frequency characteristics of signal detection,therefore it have an unparalleled advantage in the study of mutation and in very suitable to deal with non-stable signals,which provide an effective strategy to access to the characteristics of mutation information in drilling hole.Time series analysis are the data as a time sequence order,and through the adjacent data correlation between the time series to set up fitting the mathematical model.Firstly,the high-level signal on the parameters estimated spectrum is able to identify the characteristics of signal mutations in the region,then the rolling prediction method is to step to the N-step prediction.
Firstly,the paper introduces the overall design of "2000m full hydraulic drilling rig's high-precision drilling parameter monitoring system",making the specific description about the design drilling parameters of detection methods and sensors at rigs and pumps up the installation and calibration,and briefly introducing the drilling parameters' detection circuit design. Secondly,this paper focus on working identification mechanism of the typical condition in hole, analyzing features of traditional drilling monitor,and proposing its idea of identification conditions.Thirdly,according to the idea of identification conditions,it goes on to study the mathematical theory of wavelet analysis and time series analysis.And the typical working condition of the criterion is drawn under the recognition mechanism of typical working condition in hole.And then the paper finishes the design of recognition software,and uses actual drilling data detected by DDW-3 microcomputer drill to analyze and verify the software.Finally,this article make a brief introduction of the drilling monitor's software system design and implementation,and uses the development of the recognition software of typical working condition in drilling hole to deal with a certain period of actual drilling data of the Continental Scientific Drilling Well # 1 to verify the identification of software functions.
ChapterⅥsummarizes the author's main research and innovation of the thesis,in accordance with the lack of the recognition software of typical working condition in drilling hole and recognition algorithms,proposes something to be improved and continue improvement in future research.
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