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基于SK录井仪的钻参数据库研究及其用于钻进过程监测的初步实践
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摘要
随着近年来我国油气、矿产资源勘探开发的不断深入和发展,对钻井工程技术也提出了更高的要求。为满足复杂地质条件下钻进和施工高难度定向井,迫切需要开发出能够实时监测钻进过程,并能有效识别井底工况的钻井信息数据库处理软件。但目前国内所建立的现场钻参数据库都偏重于地质录井服务,少有建立专门的、分析钻进过程是否稳定的钻参数据库,更没有从数据中进行数据挖掘的功能。此时,国家启动了“中国大陆科学钻探工程”计划用三年半时间在具有全球地学意义的大别—苏鲁超高压变质带钻成亚洲第一口5000米科学深钻,这就为我们实现钻井工程信息化提供了一个绝好的试验平台。
     SK-DLS2000综合录井采集系统是国内广泛使用的综合录井仪之一,它的钻进参数实时检测系统通过各类传感器能够测量井深、钻压、立压、套压、转盘转速、转盘扭矩、大钩荷载、泵冲、泥浆溢漏等诸多参数,通过实时数据采集服务器将所测得数据在局域网内共享。本文研究借助一个数据转换软件,将SK数据实时录入到笔者所开发钻参实时监测与识别数据库中,更好地对钻进过程进行监测和识别。
     本文首次提出用多个一元线性回归方程拟合钻进参数曲线来识别井内工况的方法。在钻进过程中,工况是受多个参数的共同影响的多元问题,但也可以看成是多个一元问题的共同作用,通过单独分析各参数的一元变化,再结合人工经验就可以将其综合为决定工况的多元问题。而对于单独的某一参数来说(如钻压),它的变化不是随机的,而是在某种程度上的连续变化,只是由于采样点频率的不同才出现数值的跳跃,在较小的范围内,比如50秒内可把钻参的变化看作是线性的,可以用回归方程的方法来拟合其趋势。因此研究工况就变成求多个一元线性回归的问题,用该方法识别井内工况只取决于能不能找到识别工况的钻参间的特征关系。实例证明,用该方法能较准确的计算出一段时间内某钻进参数的变化趋势,可以用于井内工况识别。
     按照中国大陆科学钻探工程中心现场指挥部的要求,笔者使用Borland C++开发了钻参实时监测与识别数据库系统,该数据库使用Borland公司的Paradox数据库格式,能稳定运行在Windows2000及以上的操作系统下。该数据库系统能同时处理钻压、立压、转速等19个钻进参数,其实现的功能有:数据库文件的建立、数据录入、保存;实时绘制9个钻进参数曲线;计算螺杆钻具井底扭矩;重新计算钻速和泵量;数据的查询和打印;历史数据曲线的回放;保存JPG格式的数据回放曲线图;导出Access数据库、钻进参数槛值监测报警、实时分析钻进参数变化规律进行典型工况识别、基本设备信息的管理等。本文附有实现以上功能的源程序代码,都在BC5.0环境下编译通过。除此之外,本数据库系统还提供了比较详细的使用帮助文件及充分的程序说明信息。整个程序界面美观、实用,符合Windows编程风格,即兼顾了工作人员的使用习惯,又将各功能有机结合在同一个程序框
    
    架下,用户使用起来简单高效。
     本文还简要叙述了程序的安装和配置数据库的过程,并以示意图的形式给予说明。通
    过笔者2004年4月在中国大陆科学钻探工程中心科钻一井现场安装并试用本数据库系统,
    对所采集的数据进行计算分析,结果表明:各项设计功能较好的完成预期目标,典型工况
    识别程序能较快速的判断出钻压等6个钻进参数的变化趋势,结合人工经验的逻辑关系判
    据,识别出的钻进工况与现场实际的钻进工况相吻合。
     本文最后总结了笔者的主要研究内容,对所开发的钻参实时监测与识别数据库提出了
    不足和有待改进之处,希望在后续研究中继续完善。
    关键词:钻井工程、综合录井仪、数据库系统、钻进参数、工况识别
In recent years, with the constant deepening and development of oil gas, mineral resources exploration in China, it has put forward higher request to the well drilling engineering. In order to drill in complicated geological condition and construct highly difficult directional wells, it need to develop drilling information database urgently, which can monitor drilling process in real time, and discern operating mode in bottom hole effectively. But, drilling parameters databases in domestic all emphases geology log serves at present, few special can analyze drilling steady or not, say nothing of the function that the data information excavate from the gained data. At this moment, the country started "the China Continent Scientific Drilling Project (CCSD)" which plan to spend half past three years in drilling the first Asian 5000 meters scientific well on Dabie-Sulu super high metamorphic zone, that has world geology meaning. This has provided a good experimental platform for us to realize drilling engineering informationization.SK.-DLS 2000 data log system is one of data records that use extensively at home, it's drilling parameters gather system can measure depth, weight on bit, stand press, fluid press, rotary table rpm, torque, hook weight, pump, overflow etc. by all kinds of sensors in real-time, moreover share the data in the LAN by real-time gather server computer. This thesis research SK data input drilling watch and discern database which the author develops by a data transfer software, for better monitor and discern in drilling process.The paper puts forward a theory that uses a linear return equation to fit the drilling parameter curves to discern bottom hole operating mode firstly. In drilling process, the operating mode is a plural problem affected by several parameters, but it also can be regard as a question influenced by several single parameter equations together. Through analyzing every parameter alone, combining artificial experiences, we can synthesize their again. Moreover, to a single parameter, such as weight on bit, its change is not at random, But changing in succession to a certain extent, only by sample frequency to make the jumping of number value. Within the relatively small range, for example 50 seconds, the changes can be regard as linear one, use one single return equation to fit the trend. So studying operating mode becomes an one parameter linear return equation problem, and this method discern operating mode in well only depends on whether can find the characteristic relation between the drilling parameters or not. The instance proves that this methods can calculate out the variation tendency of the parameters accurately in some time, and can be used in discerning bottom well operating modes.According to the request of the CCSD headquarters, the author develops drilling parameters real in time watch and discerning database system by Borland C++ tools, and the databases' format is Paradox of Borland Corp. The program can run steadily under Windows 2000 operating system. The database system can deal with weight on bit, stand press, rpm, etc. 19 drilling
    
    parameters. The functions have: building database files, inputting data, saving; protracting 9 drilling parameters curves real in time; calculating bottom hole torque of screw drilling tools; calculating drilling speed and pump again; data query and print; the playback of the historical data curve; saving the data playback curve graph of JPG format; export Access database, drilling parameter monitor and watch, analyzing drilling parameter change to discern typical operating mode in real time, basic equipments information management etc. The paper encloses the code of source program which realizes the above function, that can run in BC 5. 0 environment. In addition, this database system has also offered relatively detailed using help file and abundant program information. The interface of whole program is beautiful, practical, windows programming style. It not only adapts to the habit of staff members, but also combines the functions into
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