东辛输油管道增输方案与优化运行技术研究
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摘要
随着对石油开采程度的加深,原油变稠变重成为世界性不可逆转的趋势。密度大、粘度大、流动困难是稠油资源突出的特点,严重制约着稠油的输送。本论文以室内流变性实验、室内环道实验、现场减阻剂实验和数值模拟为基础,对稠油范畴的东辛线进行降粘增输方案技术研究。首先对东辛线输送介质进行了室内流变性研究,然后根据其流变特性查阅文献选取了5种降凝剂和5种降粘剂,分别测定了原油加剂前后的凝点和表观粘度的变化,最终筛选出了一种改性效果最好的药剂,并通过室内环道实验验证了改性效果。
其次选用EP型国产系列减阻剂在东辛线末端管线(广饶站)进行了现场减阻实验,实验效果产生了较好的增输效果:可以使管线增输率达到14.5%～20.8%。
最后通过对东辛线现有状况及主要参数进行分析,利用动态规划法,在实验和理论的基础上建立增输模型:根据其最优化原理,把整个管线分成若干个相互联系的子过程,每个子过程都是一个最优化问题,应用递推方程连续地转移,最后求解的子过程就是问题的全过程即最优过程。根据此原理编制了一套适合东辛线的优化运行模拟软件,并对计算结果以及增输方案进行技术经济分析,最终得到一个适合于东辛线的最佳增输方案,恢复东辛胜利管道600×104t/a的管输能力。
As the deepening of the oil exploitation extent, it is an unreversed trend that the crude oil will become thicker and heavier. Great density, high viscosity and flow difficulty are the prominent characteristics of heavy oil resource, which severely restrict the transportation of thick oil. Based on the indoor rheological experiment, field drag reducer experiment and numeric model-building calculation, this thesis studied the viscosity-reduction and flowrate-enhancement technology of Dongxin pipeline.
Firstly, indoor rheological research was done on the transportation oil of Dongxin pipeline. Then, 5 kind antifreezing agents and 5 kind viscosity reducers were selected based on the rheological characteristic.. EVA(2804) antifreezing agent with better modifying effect was chosen, and its modifying effect was certified by the indoor annulus experiment: the freezing point of Dongxin crude oil can be reduced to 5℃, and the viscosity reducing rate can be up to 9.51%.
Secondly, field experiment was done along pipeline of the end of Dongxin pipeline(Guangrao Station) for EP viscosity reducer. The experiment had preferable flowrate-enhancement effect:the flowrate -enhancing rate of pipeline can reach 14.5%～20.8% .
Finally, according to the analysis of current condition and primary parameters of Dongxin pipeline, flowrate-enhancement model and algorithm were built based on the experiment and theory. Dynamic programming method is an optimized mathematical method to solve optimization problems of multistage decision process, so according to the optimization principle, the whole pipeline was divided into several subprocess. Each subprocess was also an optimization problem, and recurrence equation was used to transfer these subprocesses successively. The final subprocess is the optimization process of the whole pipeline. According to this principle, an optimization running software for Dongxin pipeline was established, and technical and economic analysis was done on the result and project. Then the best flowrate-enhancement project for Dongxin pipeline was obtained, and the transportation capacity of 600×104 t/a of Dongxin pipeline was recovered.
其次选用EP型国产系列减阻剂在东辛线末端管线(广饶站)进行了现场减阻实验,实验效果产生了较好的增输效果:可以使管线增输率达到14.5%～20.8%。
最后通过对东辛线现有状况及主要参数进行分析,利用动态规划法,在实验和理论的基础上建立增输模型:根据其最优化原理,把整个管线分成若干个相互联系的子过程,每个子过程都是一个最优化问题,应用递推方程连续地转移,最后求解的子过程就是问题的全过程即最优过程。根据此原理编制了一套适合东辛线的优化运行模拟软件,并对计算结果以及增输方案进行技术经济分析,最终得到一个适合于东辛线的最佳增输方案,恢复东辛胜利管道600×104t/a的管输能力。
As the deepening of the oil exploitation extent, it is an unreversed trend that the crude oil will become thicker and heavier. Great density, high viscosity and flow difficulty are the prominent characteristics of heavy oil resource, which severely restrict the transportation of thick oil. Based on the indoor rheological experiment, field drag reducer experiment and numeric model-building calculation, this thesis studied the viscosity-reduction and flowrate-enhancement technology of Dongxin pipeline.
Firstly, indoor rheological research was done on the transportation oil of Dongxin pipeline. Then, 5 kind antifreezing agents and 5 kind viscosity reducers were selected based on the rheological characteristic.. EVA(2804) antifreezing agent with better modifying effect was chosen, and its modifying effect was certified by the indoor annulus experiment: the freezing point of Dongxin crude oil can be reduced to 5℃, and the viscosity reducing rate can be up to 9.51%.
Secondly, field experiment was done along pipeline of the end of Dongxin pipeline(Guangrao Station) for EP viscosity reducer. The experiment had preferable flowrate-enhancement effect:the flowrate -enhancing rate of pipeline can reach 14.5%～20.8% .
Finally, according to the analysis of current condition and primary parameters of Dongxin pipeline, flowrate-enhancement model and algorithm were built based on the experiment and theory. Dynamic programming method is an optimized mathematical method to solve optimization problems of multistage decision process, so according to the optimization principle, the whole pipeline was divided into several subprocess. Each subprocess was also an optimization problem, and recurrence equation was used to transfer these subprocesses successively. The final subprocess is the optimization process of the whole pipeline. According to this principle, an optimization running software for Dongxin pipeline was established, and technical and economic analysis was done on the result and project. Then the best flowrate-enhancement project for Dongxin pipeline was obtained, and the transportation capacity of 600×104 t/a of Dongxin pipeline was recovered.
引文
[1] 敬加强,郑焰.稠油集输中催化裂化降粘技术的研究。油气储 运.1998.
[2] Anhom J L :MTBE:A Carrier for Heavy Oil Transportation andViscosity Mixing Rule Applicability , Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology ,1994 ,33 (4) 17～21.
[3] 张劲军.易凝高粘原油管输技术及其发展.中国工程科学 . 2002.6 ,第4卷第6期.
[4] 李佳宁,刘琼. 论稠油在21世纪能源中的地位.精细石油化工,2002.
[5] Clark P D , Hyne J B. Studies on the chemical reactions of heavy oils under steam stimulation condition[J]. AOSTRA J Res . 1990 ,29(6) : 29-39.
[6] Clark P D , Hyne J B , Tyrer J D. Chemistry of organo sulfur compound type occurring in heavy oil sands : 1.High temperature hydrolysis and thermolysis of therahydrothiophene in relation to steam stimulation processes [J].Fuel.1983, 62 (5) :959-962.
[7] 齐建华,张春光.辽河油田稠油地面集输技术现状及攻关方向.石油规划设计,2002,13(6).
[8] 王卫强,吴明,张静. 电伴热技术在原油输送中的应用与展望. 油气田地面工程,2004,第23卷第8期.
[9] 杨红民. 集肤效应电伴热技术在港口输油管道工程中的应用. 中国港湾建设,2003,第3期 总第124 期.
[10] 仲志红,米鸿祥,眭峰.集油管线集肤效应电伴热技术.油气田地面工程,2003,第22卷第9期.
[11] 刘云海.高含蜡原料油长距离输送管道设计. 油气储运.1998.
[12] 宋昭峥,张雷君,葛陈江. 原油减阻剂的研究概况. 油气田地面工程(OGSE) 第19 卷第6 期(2000. 11).
[13] 胡通年. 减阻剂在我国输油管道上的应用实验. 油气储运. 1997.6, 第16卷第6期.
[14] 税碧垣,刘兵,李国平等. 减阻剂的模拟环道评价. 油气储运. 第20卷第3期.
[15] 申龙涉. 辽河稠油减阻实验研究. 抚顺石油学院学报. 第15卷第2期.
[16] 王岳,刘勇。重质稠油管道输送减阻技术的实验研究. 管道技术与设备. 1998年第1期.
[17] 蒲家宁. 成品油管道应用减阻剂效果分析. 油气储运. 第20卷第11期.
[18] 李娟.增加已建输油管线输量的方法.油气田地面工程. 1997.7, 第16卷第4期.
[19] 王鸿膺,李玉星,陆新东. 超稠油降粘输送实验研究. 油气田地面工程.2004,第23卷第9 期.
[20] Guevara E , Zagustin K, Zublillaga V , et al. Core-an-nular flow : the most economical method for the transportation of viscous hydrocarbons [ A ] , Proceedings of the 4th UNITAR/ UNDP Conference on Heavy Crude and Tar Sands[C]. Aug 1988.
[21] BR ISA Y C M ,MUD IE D W. Pumping heavy oil with the aid of down-ho le oil-in-w ater emulsion [J ]. J Can Pet Tech. 1989, 28 (4) : 81- 84.
[22] PL EGU E T H. Studies of water-continuous emulsions of heavy crude oils prepared by alkali treatment [ J ]. SPE Production Engineering. 1989,4(2) : 181- 183.
[23] 贾耀勤, 舒勇, 郭子江等. 胜利桩西油田原油破乳剂的研制与应用[J]. 油田化学. 1997, 14 (4): 329-331.
[24] 杨嘉羚 , 常 景 龙 . 对 新 型降凝剂 研究的 评 述 [J ]. 油 气 储运.1997 ,16 (5) : 5 —8.
[25] 尉小明,刘喜林,王卫东,徐凤廷. 稠油降粘方法概述. 精细石油化工.2002,第5期.
[26] 刘庆旺, 林瑞森. 辽河冷家油田特稠油降粘剂LJVR-1 及其性能评价. Journal of Zhejiang University (Science Edition).2004,9,第31卷第5期.
[27] 吴本芳. 辽河原油降粘研究. 华东理工大学硕士学位论文.2001.
[28] 尉小明,郑猛,白永林. 稠油掺表面活性剂水溶液降粘机理研究. 特种油气藏.2004,第11卷第四期.
[29] 尉小明,刘喜林,王卫东,徐凤廷. 稠油降粘方法概述. 精细石油化工.2002,第5期.
[30] 雷鸣,黄志宇,会志刚等.稠油降粘剂ASM的改性及复配性能研究.石油与天然气化工.2003,第32卷 第4期 .
[31] 张付生,王彪. 几种原油降凝降黏剂作用机理的红外光谱合X 射线衍射研究. 油田化学.1995 ,12 (4) : 345～352.
[32] 郭东红,江龙. 辽河超稠原油的流变性质及其乳化降粘. 化学通报. 2002,第10期.
[33] ALDO S,TANCRED F,ANNUNZIATA S.Mi-crow ave accelerated wittig reaction of stabilized phosphorus ylides with ketones under solvent-free conditions[J]. Synlett.1997,(1):93-94.
[34] 谭非,尉小明,李文静,等. 超稠原油热敏性降粘剂的研制. 浙江大学学报(理学版).2003,第30卷第4期.
[35] 李董辉,童小娇等,数值最优化,北京:科学出版社,2005.5 .
[36] J.Nocedal,S.Wright.NumericalOptimization.NewYork:Springer 1999.
[37] 王宜举,修乃华.非线性规划—理论与算法。西安:陕西科学技术出版社,2004.
[2] Anhom J L :MTBE:A Carrier for Heavy Oil Transportation andViscosity Mixing Rule Applicability , Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology ,1994 ,33 (4) 17～21.
[3] 张劲军.易凝高粘原油管输技术及其发展.中国工程科学 . 2002.6 ,第4卷第6期.
[4] 李佳宁,刘琼. 论稠油在21世纪能源中的地位.精细石油化工,2002.
[5] Clark P D , Hyne J B. Studies on the chemical reactions of heavy oils under steam stimulation condition[J]. AOSTRA J Res . 1990 ,29(6) : 29-39.
[6] Clark P D , Hyne J B , Tyrer J D. Chemistry of organo sulfur compound type occurring in heavy oil sands : 1.High temperature hydrolysis and thermolysis of therahydrothiophene in relation to steam stimulation processes [J].Fuel.1983, 62 (5) :959-962.
[7] 齐建华,张春光.辽河油田稠油地面集输技术现状及攻关方向.石油规划设计,2002,13(6).
[8] 王卫强,吴明,张静. 电伴热技术在原油输送中的应用与展望. 油气田地面工程,2004,第23卷第8期.
[9] 杨红民. 集肤效应电伴热技术在港口输油管道工程中的应用. 中国港湾建设,2003,第3期 总第124 期.
[10] 仲志红,米鸿祥,眭峰.集油管线集肤效应电伴热技术.油气田地面工程,2003,第22卷第9期.
[11] 刘云海.高含蜡原料油长距离输送管道设计. 油气储运.1998.
[12] 宋昭峥,张雷君,葛陈江. 原油减阻剂的研究概况. 油气田地面工程(OGSE) 第19 卷第6 期(2000. 11).
[13] 胡通年. 减阻剂在我国输油管道上的应用实验. 油气储运. 1997.6, 第16卷第6期.
[14] 税碧垣,刘兵,李国平等. 减阻剂的模拟环道评价. 油气储运. 第20卷第3期.
[15] 申龙涉. 辽河稠油减阻实验研究. 抚顺石油学院学报. 第15卷第2期.
[16] 王岳,刘勇。重质稠油管道输送减阻技术的实验研究. 管道技术与设备. 1998年第1期.
[17] 蒲家宁. 成品油管道应用减阻剂效果分析. 油气储运. 第20卷第11期.
[18] 李娟.增加已建输油管线输量的方法.油气田地面工程. 1997.7, 第16卷第4期.
[19] 王鸿膺,李玉星,陆新东. 超稠油降粘输送实验研究. 油气田地面工程.2004,第23卷第9 期.
[20] Guevara E , Zagustin K, Zublillaga V , et al. Core-an-nular flow : the most economical method for the transportation of viscous hydrocarbons [ A ] , Proceedings of the 4th UNITAR/ UNDP Conference on Heavy Crude and Tar Sands[C]. Aug 1988.
[21] BR ISA Y C M ,MUD IE D W. Pumping heavy oil with the aid of down-ho le oil-in-w ater emulsion [J ]. J Can Pet Tech. 1989, 28 (4) : 81- 84.
[22] PL EGU E T H. Studies of water-continuous emulsions of heavy crude oils prepared by alkali treatment [ J ]. SPE Production Engineering. 1989,4(2) : 181- 183.
[23] 贾耀勤, 舒勇, 郭子江等. 胜利桩西油田原油破乳剂的研制与应用[J]. 油田化学. 1997, 14 (4): 329-331.
[24] 杨嘉羚 , 常 景 龙 . 对 新 型降凝剂 研究的 评 述 [J ]. 油 气 储运.1997 ,16 (5) : 5 —8.
[25] 尉小明,刘喜林,王卫东,徐凤廷. 稠油降粘方法概述. 精细石油化工.2002,第5期.
[26] 刘庆旺, 林瑞森. 辽河冷家油田特稠油降粘剂LJVR-1 及其性能评价. Journal of Zhejiang University (Science Edition).2004,9,第31卷第5期.
[27] 吴本芳. 辽河原油降粘研究. 华东理工大学硕士学位论文.2001.
[28] 尉小明,郑猛,白永林. 稠油掺表面活性剂水溶液降粘机理研究. 特种油气藏.2004,第11卷第四期.
[29] 尉小明,刘喜林,王卫东,徐凤廷. 稠油降粘方法概述. 精细石油化工.2002,第5期.
[30] 雷鸣,黄志宇,会志刚等.稠油降粘剂ASM的改性及复配性能研究.石油与天然气化工.2003,第32卷 第4期 .
[31] 张付生,王彪. 几种原油降凝降黏剂作用机理的红外光谱合X 射线衍射研究. 油田化学.1995 ,12 (4) : 345～352.
[32] 郭东红,江龙. 辽河超稠原油的流变性质及其乳化降粘. 化学通报. 2002,第10期.
[33] ALDO S,TANCRED F,ANNUNZIATA S.Mi-crow ave accelerated wittig reaction of stabilized phosphorus ylides with ketones under solvent-free conditions[J]. Synlett.1997,(1):93-94.
[34] 谭非,尉小明,李文静,等. 超稠原油热敏性降粘剂的研制. 浙江大学学报(理学版).2003,第30卷第4期.
[35] 李董辉,童小娇等,数值最优化,北京:科学出版社,2005.5 .
[36] J.Nocedal,S.Wright.NumericalOptimization.NewYork:Springer 1999.
[37] 王宜举,修乃华.非线性规划—理论与算法。西安:陕西科学技术出版社,2004.