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吉南石人镇—花山地区1:5万金矿资源预测
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摘要
石人镇—花山地区位于吉林省南部长白山区,处在华北陆块北缘东段,Ⅵ级大地构造单元—老岭断块之上。该区及周边地域地质情况复杂,成矿条件优越,是贵金属、多金属矿产成矿的有利地段,金矿是优势矿种。
     研究区内地质工作程度、研究程度较高和地物化资料丰富,通过对1:5万航磁资料和1:5万水系沉积资料进行系统解释,发现若干北西向断裂构造、圈定了隐伏岩体的位置;同时查明区内存在高低两种Au的背景场,圈定了Au地化异常40处,确定了元素组合及类型,得到有效的金矿找矿信息。
     区内以小石人金矿和南大坡金矿为典型矿床进行研究,掌握了矿床的地质特征。以地质为先验前提、以地质体为目标对多来源信息进行了关联研究,圈定找矿靶区40处,并编制了石人镇—花山地区金矿综合信息预测图,构建了以脉状金矿床对象的金矿综合信息找矿模型。
     本研究选择了特征分析、聚类分析、对应分析和数量化理论Ⅳ等方法对金矿资源的位置进行了估计。比较各方法的估计成果,综合评价出各预测单元的成矿概率,编制了石人镇—花山地区的金矿资源分布图和工作建议部署图,同时指出26、7、25、20号单元为重点找矿单元,可优先部署金矿找矿工作。
Shirengou town - Huashan in Changbai Mountain in the southern of Jilin Province, for the Baishan City, Jilin Province Jiangyuan District jurisdiction. In the geological area at the northern margin of the North China Craton eastern section,Ⅵ-tectonic units - the old block on the Ridge. Geographical area and the surrounding complex geological conditions, mineralization favorable conditions, is the precious metals, mineral mineralization favorable lot.
     On the study area, gold is the dominant mineral. Since the 1980s the area was classified as provincial focus exploration, development and utilization of gold resources has been listed as a key development of the pillar industries. Gold and silver in the country support the prediction and evaluation of mineral resources, set up in the area of gold resources quantitative prediction model of research topics aimed at identifying areas of the distribution of gold resources for the present and the near future direction specified gold prospecting to provide a basis for prospecting work arrangements, as well as 1:50000 prediction of gold and silver mineral resources can be provided from the experience.
     The study based on the original work of a more in-depth geological study and complete information rich physicochemical characteristics, has been applied the integrated information mineral prediction method to research and guided the study work .
     1. Geological data interpretation based on geological research found that the region is divided into proterozoic , paleozoic and mesozoic. Proterozoic is most widely than others, accounting for nearly 80 percent of the total area. Fold structure of the Laoling Mountains, close to the duplex penthouse anticline said Laoling anticline and large scale. Faults in the western is more density than northern faults. The faults has the character of direction and fracture zones. Near the basis of direction can be divided into east and west, nearnorth-south, north east and north west Group to the four directions. One of the north nast and north nest to more development. In the regional tectonic movement happened with the magma multi-phase activities, relevant to the movement of Fuping and Wutai plutonic, the formation of the Mesozoic Indo-Chinese - Yanshanian movement in the acidic intrusive complex formation.
     2 geophysical and geochemical data interpretation in this study collected the 1:50000 of aeromagnetic data and sediment survey data and interpreted to tap deeper geophysical information and the Earth's chemical information on the geological formation tectonic, magmatic rocks inferred .
     Aeromagnetic data measured from the Department of Geophysical Centre for Remote Sensing in 1987-1989 years on the Yalu River in Jilin province along the coastal areas of 1:50000 aeromagnetic achievement. Data processing method is upward extension, the direction of a different order derivative calculation and second derivative vertical calculation. Interpreted the aeromagnetic data from the magnetic point of view of the study area gold mineralization geological conditions, inferred from such phenomena as the structure, strata, intrusive rocks , extracted the aeromagnetic data information of the strata , intrusive rocks, structure form the interpretation of the data, infered structure framework of the study through different heights relevance information , infered the typical formation, intrusive complex 3D, which found a number of faults to the North West. Late this group faults is later than the North East structure,and failure the integrity of the North East structure’s .In the region the resembing porphyritic biotite granite can cause the magnetic which intensity is greater than 100 nT to delineated the location of the buried rock, interpreted and deepened geological understanding.
     On the 1:50000 stream sediment survey of Geology and Mineral Resources Bureau of Jilin Province original four completed, the collection of Au, Ag, As, Sb, Bi, Hg, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni nine kinds of data elements , and conduct a systematic explanation of the work, in order to obtain the necessary evaluation and information. Obtains in the area after the explanation the Au coefficient of variation to be bigger than 1, has the changeability. The Au changes in the region is strong and sign mineralization enrichment. Simultaneously verifies in the area to have height two kind of Au the background fields. The low background area appears in measures the area the southwest and south the middle area, the northern boundary in the Dashiren - Yaolin - Xigou line, east is limited to by erdao rivers. This field take 1.4ppb as a boundary, assumes near thing to approach the distribution, the change is steadier. The overall looked that eastern part presents is relatively high, western relatively low change tendency, the local anomaly disturbance, but has certain change. Au high background of the surveyed area nearly 2/3 area, is the dominant element geochemistry field. Things to the field for nearly distribution, in the west at the high Au East low. Based on the characteristics of superposition the field can be further divided into weak areas and strong superposition area. Superposition weak field in the test zone in the southeast area, Chaoyang tun - Erdaoyangchagou the south, Erdaogou areas and the east area by the variation small,abnormal in disorder, the scale to be small, the intensity low is a characteristic. In the weak superposed field area is distributing the proterozoic Laoling group stratum and the mesozoic triassic stratum . The main formation of Laoling group is Dalizi group. The strong superposition area appears text zone mid-north, it’s characteristic that is variability big, abnormal large-scale, high-intensity and concentrated distribution.
     In this area the geological background is complex. The stratum take the proterozoic Laoling group as the main body, the Paleozoic Era only presents the area on the scene the western boundary zone. North east, north west, near north and south faulted structure growth, became the belt to appear, the archean massive rock distributed in the middle area and contact with the Yanshan intermediate stage the neutral and acidic intrusive rock . Proterozoic Qingbaikouan system and Zhendan system assumes Northeast belt-shaped to distribute.
     From the regional evaluation considered for not missed mine, working under extremely limited relatively low, which is 2 ppb (x +1.5 s). The whole region dealineated Au anomaly 40, had determined the element combination and the type, obtain the effective gold ore prospecting information.
     3 element analysis To identify the element the correlational dependence which exists in the geological process, in the research has used the R cluster analysis and the R factorial analysis method for searches the data which obtains to carry on processing, according to R-cluster analysis we will be measured 10 elemental composition divided into three elements, the conclusion is: Au and other element's relevance is weak, and in the study area Au mineralization activity existence and unique. Through the R factorial analysis after remarkable for the basis determined related each factor the structural feature, then the base theory makes the inference to the factor combination, expounded in the work area possibly occurs mineralization characteristic, Cobalt, Ore (Shan copper-cobalt ore) Pb-Zn (Huanggoushan, Tianhu Pb-Zn) gold (South Slope gold, gold stone people, the temple of gold plate, gold Shiqing groove) should be relative. Other factors are a halo, ore-forming activities in different directions in the form of unusual significance.
     Cluster analysis and factor analysis results are common, all the statistics reveals the relevant factors, has attributed the factor in the geological process behavior characteristic. In the elemental composition and the research area grows the minerals situation tallies .
     4 Typical of deposit Typical deposit analysis can enable us to understand and grasp of a region's output of a certain types of mineral deposits in geological characteristics, which geological condition to verify to the ore deposit formation control action, then lays the solid foundation for the ore deposit geology conceptual model's structure..
     Studies in the area south of the big south slope and the xiaoshiren gold ore conducts the research for the typical ore deposit, had understood the ore deposit geological feature, analyzed the gold ore to control the ore condition, was mainly the proterozoic Laoling group stratum, the faulted structure system, the Yanshan time has formed the acidic intrusive rock and the geochemistry field .
     5 Conditions of gold mineralization the research of mineralization condition has the great significance regarding the mineralization rule's summary and the mineralization forecast. Summarizes, Also has provided certain safeguard for the mineral resource and the forecast achievement quality's enhancement.
     Study area in the Laoling block, is an important component of Laoling precious metal mineralization, so in the research area delivers the gold ore and the peripheral locality and in the Laoling belt other areas deliver the gold ore the mineralization environment to be the same, the geological background similar, controls the ore factor to be close, what is different is the concrete golden ore deposit characteristic has a difference.
     Research shows that close to gold and faults. Faults with known gold origin, and elemental composition of the apparent anomaly between has the obvious spatial relevance.gold known origin, elemental composition of the distribution of density and fracture distribution density was positively correlated, both in the Laoling Mountains, on both sides of the ridge; mineralization with information as to the distribution and fracture was the same direction or to the North East Near east-west. At the same time, the faulted structure is including the ore hydrothermal migration channel, is also the space which the mineralization material precipitates. Faults on the interchange is gold, gold production of the favorable structural position. For example, the northern Tianqiao mineralizes the centralism area and the small four even mineralization centralism area appears in the space with fault of Dajing ditch - Dashi shacks and the“S”fault zone of Huanggoushan and the near east-west fault Dashi shacks - gullies fracture to the intersection with the match, etc.
     In the region, proterozoic Laoling group formation activities of the gold mineralization is favourable stratigraphy, and stratigraphic distribution and distribution of mineralization consistent with the distribution to the North East. Pearl Gate Formation gold mineralization is favourable stratigraphy, outputs of a large number of gold deposits relatively large reserves.
     Studied in the area the magmatic activity Aarchear times and the Yanshan time is most intense, forms the antique generation of massive rock and the intrusive complex body. The Yanshan time neutral and acidic intrusive rock is the gold ore mineralization component may originate directly. The gold ore belt and the structure magmatic rock belt occupy the identical space position, for the north east to the mop, the gold ore assumes the ring-like form to distribute in nearby the acidic intrusive rock contact strip.
     In the gold high background field area the gold ore habitat occupies the known habitat 90%, particularly the valuable Xiaoshiren, Shiqing ditch, Taojin ditch, Wudaoyangcha gold ore to divide property equally positive in the high background area. Distribution in the high background area of the element anomalies to high intensity, large-scale, concentrated center prominent features. 6 Forecasting of mineralization The use of analysis of characteristics, clustering analysis and mathematical quantification theoryⅣand so on methods to the gold ore forecast that the model building carries on the appraisal.
     1)Analysis of Characteristics Carries on the optimization using the characteristic analysis to the known unit's geological variable, the optimal 21 variables originate from the geology, physics, the chemistry three aspects, in the geology class retain much to control the ore condition, like NE direction the break, the archear intrusive rock, the Laoling group, NW direction breaks and constructs the intersection point, the chemical detection abnormal area to be big and element combination complex also place in the retention. It’s Indicated that the computation and the mineralization condition analysis tallies, the result to be reasonable. Establishes the position estimate by this 21 variables the evaluation model, obtains good mineralization unit 11.
     2)Q Cluster Analysis Q cluster analysis to the application of a mining unit known and unknown elements together, constitute a sample, variables that are in front of the 21 variables. L coefficient used to measure distance between two modules of the similarity between, and connected by a step-by-step hierarchical clustering plans, the use of the valve will be divided into three units forecast group, the probability of mineralization have two more units - a total of 13 forecasts unit which unknown number of seven modules.
     3)Mathematical Quantification TheoryⅣAnalysis of the 40 units that have good clusters, based on characteristics the unit will be divided into three groups, the greater probability of mineralization are 25 units, of which 18 units unknown.
     4)Correspondence Analysis Correspondence Analysis of the data through the handling of samples will be combined with variables divided into three modules。
     7 Forecast results We mainly based on the characteristics of analysis of characteristics results, and the other three methods will be combined forecast of three ore-forming unit-level, ore-forming unit-Ⅰfor 7th, 25th, the 26th unit;Ⅱgrade mineralization modules Prediction unit on the 14th;Ⅲgrade mineralization unit forecast for the unit on the 20th.
     Rely on the obtained conclusion,it is auxiliary the modern theory of mineralization and ore-controlling tectonic conditions, we can be on the four areas of mineralization belt (zone), which is the western edge of metallogenic belt, Dajing Ditch– Tianqiao metallogenic belt, Baligou - Xiaosiping metallogenic belt and Metallogenic belt along the Yalu River。The four mineralization belts has divided A, B, C three prospecting ranks. It Has established Shirengou town - Huashan area gold ore work suggestion deployment chart. So will be working for Class A level prospecting area 2, B level area prospecting area 2, C level prospecting area 3.
     Integrated Information mineral resource evaluation method is unique characteristics of a practical evaluation methodologies. For the purpose of the large-scale, this method still exists is worth place of the consummation。In future work, we have to carry out practical work with large-scale prediction of an effort to improve methods system as a whole.
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