WCDMA系统定位技术及参数获取方法的研究
摘要
随着移动定位业务的快速发展，移动台的定位己成为第三代移动通信系统的一个重要功能。WCDMA作为第三代移动通信系统的主流标准，对其系统中无线定位技术的研究具有重大的现实意义。
为了满足用户对无线定位技术的需求，本文介绍了WCDMA系统中三种典型的基于TDOA的定位算法，在此基础上，提出了改进的CT算法和LA-WLS算法，其中CT算法的定位精度高且运算量小，LA-WLS算法在某些特定环境下性能最佳。同时，为了得到更高的定位精度，对WCDMA系统中的参数获取方法进行了研究。由于进行算法改进时考虑到NLOS效应的影响，本文给出了一种减少NLOS影响的虚拟基站算法，并采用改进的CT算法进行定位估计，仿真结果表明，这种算法对NLOS影响的消除和降低平均定位误差的效果明显。
With the rapid development of mobile location services, the technology of the mobile location has been one of the important features in the 3G mobile communication system. As the mainstream standard of 3G mobile communication system, the research of the wireless location is an important issue in WCDMA system.
To satisfy consumer with the need in the wireless location, the thesis introduces three kinds of typical TDOA location algorithms in the WCDMA system, based on that, the CT and LA-WLS algorithms are put forward. The CT algorithm has higher location precision and smaller operation quantity, and the LA-WLS algorithm has the best location performance in some special environment. Meanwhile, to get higher location precision, the thesis research the getparms way in the WCDMA system. Because of considering the NLOS effect while improving on the algorithms, the thesis puts forward the new virtual base station algorithm to reduce NLOS interference and estimates the mobile poison with the CT algorithm. The emulational result shows that the algorithm is very effectual to decrease NLOS interference and the average location error.
为了满足用户对无线定位技术的需求，本文介绍了WCDMA系统中三种典型的基于TDOA的定位算法，在此基础上，提出了改进的CT算法和LA-WLS算法，其中CT算法的定位精度高且运算量小，LA-WLS算法在某些特定环境下性能最佳。同时，为了得到更高的定位精度，对WCDMA系统中的参数获取方法进行了研究。由于进行算法改进时考虑到NLOS效应的影响，本文给出了一种减少NLOS影响的虚拟基站算法，并采用改进的CT算法进行定位估计，仿真结果表明，这种算法对NLOS影响的消除和降低平均定位误差的效果明显。
With the rapid development of mobile location services, the technology of the mobile location has been one of the important features in the 3G mobile communication system. As the mainstream standard of 3G mobile communication system, the research of the wireless location is an important issue in WCDMA system.
To satisfy consumer with the need in the wireless location, the thesis introduces three kinds of typical TDOA location algorithms in the WCDMA system, based on that, the CT and LA-WLS algorithms are put forward. The CT algorithm has higher location precision and smaller operation quantity, and the LA-WLS algorithm has the best location performance in some special environment. Meanwhile, to get higher location precision, the thesis research the getparms way in the WCDMA system. Because of considering the NLOS effect while improving on the algorithms, the thesis puts forward the new virtual base station algorithm to reduce NLOS interference and estimates the mobile poison with the CT algorithm. The emulational result shows that the algorithm is very effectual to decrease NLOS interference and the average location error.
引文
1 James J.Caffery. Wireless Location in CDMA Cellular Radio Systems. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999. chapter 1
2 田孝华．DS-CDMA蜂窝网中无线定位与参数估计技术：[博士学位论文]．西安：西安电子科技大学，2003。
3 范志平，邓平，刘林．蜂窝网无线定位的原理及应用．北京：电子工业出版社，2002：10～24
4 贾颖．移动位置服务的技术原理及市场前景．邮电规划．2003，Vol．1：第1章
5 FCC Docket. Revision of the commission' s Rules to Ensure Compatibility with Enhanced 911 Emergency Calling System. RM-S143, July 26 2001:94～102
6 3GPP TS23.171. 3rd Generation Partnership Project. Technical Specification Group Radio Access Networks. March 2001, V3.6.0:78～111
7 3GPP TS25.305. 3rd Generation Partnership Project. Technical Specification Group Radio Access Networks. March 2001, V4.0.0:60～81
8 Harri Holma，Antti Toskala．WCDMA技术与系统设计．北京：机械工业出版社，2005：33～37
9 Holma. H, Melero. J, Vainio. j et al. Performance of Adaptive Multi-rate voice in GSM and WCDMA. Proc of IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference. April 2003:2177～2181
10 Nokia. Multimedia Game Performance over Cellular Networks. Forum Nokia. January 2004, version6.0. 0:3～15
11 3GPP TSG RAN TSGR1#4(99)346.Recapitulation of the IPDL positioning method. Ericsson. April 2001
12 蔚娜．蜂窝网络中基于TDOA的无线定位算法研究：[硕士学位论文]．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学，2004
13 Y.T. Chan, K.C. Ho. A simple and efficient estimator for hyperbolic location. IEEE Trans. Signal Processing. Aug 2002, vol. 42:748～753
14 史锋峰．WCDMA系统信令层3的研究与实现预研：[硕士学位论文]．南京：东南大学移动通信国家重点实验室，2003
15 陈慧军．无线定位技术在WCDMA系统中应用的研究：[硕士学位论文]．南京：南京航空航天大学，2003
16 J. Berg, R. Bownds and F. Lotse. Path Loss and Fading Models for Micro cells at 900MHz. IEEE VTC. 2002:666～671
17 张晨．基于CDMA蜂窝网络的移动台定位方法研究：[硕士学位论文]．大连：大连理工大学，2004
18 M. Hata. Empirical Formula for Propagation Loss in Land Mobile Radio Service. IEEE Trans. 2000:317～325
19 赵宇．蜂窝网无线定位方法研究：[硕士学位论文]．长春：吉林大学，2004
20 李达刚．数字蜂窝网双曲线定位算法的实现．郑州大学学报．2000，(3)：42～45
21 甄杰，张淑芳．CDMA移动台定位系统中非视距误差的消除算法．大连海事大学学报．2003，Vol．29：100～101
22 P. Marilynn. Robust Range Estimation in the Presence of the Non-line-of Sight Error. IEEE VTC. 2001:101～105
23 师延山．无线定位扩展卡尔曼滤波算法的优化．北京航空航天大学学报．2003，Vol．29：309～310
24 马金明，吴伟陵．基于天线子阵的移动台定位方法及其性能分析．2004，Vol．16：第2—3章
25 倪巍，王宗欣．两种非视距传播环境下的蜂窝系统定位算法．电子学报．2003，Vol．31：470～471
26 K.W.Cheung, H.C. So, W.-K.Ma, et al. Least Squares Algorithms for Time of Arrival 8used Mobile Location. IEEE Trans. On Signal Processing. 2004, 52(4)
27 荆巍．基于TDOA和AOA的无线通信系统移动台定位技术研究：[硕士学位论文]．成都：电子科技大学，2004
28 王昕，王宗欣，刘石．一种考虑非线性传播影响的TOA定位算法．通信学报[J]．2001(3)：1～8
29 G.C. Carter. Time delay estimation for passive sonar signal processing. IEEE Trans ASSP. 2001, Vol. 29:463～470
30 J.S. Abel and J.O. Smith. Source range and depth estimation from multi-path range difference measurements. IEEE Trans. ASSP. 2001, Vol. 37:1157～1165
31 M.Latva-aho and J. Lillebery. Delay trackers for multi-user CDMA receivers. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference. 2001:366～370
32 J. Winterand C. Wengerter. High resolution estimation of the time of arrival for GSM location. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference. 2001:1343～1347
33 Richard Walter Klukas. A Super-resolution Based Cellular Positioning System Using PS Time Synchronization:[Dissertation for Degree Doctor].Canada:2002
34 S. Al-Jazzer, J. Caffery. A scattering model based approach to NLOS mitigation in TOA location system. IEEE VTC. 2002:168～180
2 田孝华．DS-CDMA蜂窝网中无线定位与参数估计技术：[博士学位论文]．西安：西安电子科技大学，2003。
3 范志平，邓平，刘林．蜂窝网无线定位的原理及应用．北京：电子工业出版社，2002：10～24
4 贾颖．移动位置服务的技术原理及市场前景．邮电规划．2003，Vol．1：第1章
5 FCC Docket. Revision of the commission' s Rules to Ensure Compatibility with Enhanced 911 Emergency Calling System. RM-S143, July 26 2001:94～102
6 3GPP TS23.171. 3rd Generation Partnership Project. Technical Specification Group Radio Access Networks. March 2001, V3.6.0:78～111
7 3GPP TS25.305. 3rd Generation Partnership Project. Technical Specification Group Radio Access Networks. March 2001, V4.0.0:60～81
8 Harri Holma，Antti Toskala．WCDMA技术与系统设计．北京：机械工业出版社，2005：33～37
9 Holma. H, Melero. J, Vainio. j et al. Performance of Adaptive Multi-rate voice in GSM and WCDMA. Proc of IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference. April 2003:2177～2181
10 Nokia. Multimedia Game Performance over Cellular Networks. Forum Nokia. January 2004, version6.0. 0:3～15
11 3GPP TSG RAN TSGR1#4(99)346.Recapitulation of the IPDL positioning method. Ericsson. April 2001
12 蔚娜．蜂窝网络中基于TDOA的无线定位算法研究：[硕士学位论文]．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学，2004
13 Y.T. Chan, K.C. Ho. A simple and efficient estimator for hyperbolic location. IEEE Trans. Signal Processing. Aug 2002, vol. 42:748～753
14 史锋峰．WCDMA系统信令层3的研究与实现预研：[硕士学位论文]．南京：东南大学移动通信国家重点实验室，2003
15 陈慧军．无线定位技术在WCDMA系统中应用的研究：[硕士学位论文]．南京：南京航空航天大学，2003
16 J. Berg, R. Bownds and F. Lotse. Path Loss and Fading Models for Micro cells at 900MHz. IEEE VTC. 2002:666～671
17 张晨．基于CDMA蜂窝网络的移动台定位方法研究：[硕士学位论文]．大连：大连理工大学，2004
18 M. Hata. Empirical Formula for Propagation Loss in Land Mobile Radio Service. IEEE Trans. 2000:317～325
19 赵宇．蜂窝网无线定位方法研究：[硕士学位论文]．长春：吉林大学，2004
20 李达刚．数字蜂窝网双曲线定位算法的实现．郑州大学学报．2000，(3)：42～45
21 甄杰，张淑芳．CDMA移动台定位系统中非视距误差的消除算法．大连海事大学学报．2003，Vol．29：100～101
22 P. Marilynn. Robust Range Estimation in the Presence of the Non-line-of Sight Error. IEEE VTC. 2001:101～105
23 师延山．无线定位扩展卡尔曼滤波算法的优化．北京航空航天大学学报．2003，Vol．29：309～310
24 马金明，吴伟陵．基于天线子阵的移动台定位方法及其性能分析．2004，Vol．16：第2—3章
25 倪巍，王宗欣．两种非视距传播环境下的蜂窝系统定位算法．电子学报．2003，Vol．31：470～471
26 K.W.Cheung, H.C. So, W.-K.Ma, et al. Least Squares Algorithms for Time of Arrival 8used Mobile Location. IEEE Trans. On Signal Processing. 2004, 52(4)
27 荆巍．基于TDOA和AOA的无线通信系统移动台定位技术研究：[硕士学位论文]．成都：电子科技大学，2004
28 王昕，王宗欣，刘石．一种考虑非线性传播影响的TOA定位算法．通信学报[J]．2001(3)：1～8
29 G.C. Carter. Time delay estimation for passive sonar signal processing. IEEE Trans ASSP. 2001, Vol. 29:463～470
30 J.S. Abel and J.O. Smith. Source range and depth estimation from multi-path range difference measurements. IEEE Trans. ASSP. 2001, Vol. 37:1157～1165
31 M.Latva-aho and J. Lillebery. Delay trackers for multi-user CDMA receivers. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference. 2001:366～370
32 J. Winterand C. Wengerter. High resolution estimation of the time of arrival for GSM location. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference. 2001:1343～1347
33 Richard Walter Klukas. A Super-resolution Based Cellular Positioning System Using PS Time Synchronization:[Dissertation for Degree Doctor].Canada:2002
34 S. Al-Jazzer, J. Caffery. A scattering model based approach to NLOS mitigation in TOA location system. IEEE VTC. 2002:168～180