基于案例决策和TRIZ知识的产品概念设计
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摘要
速度和创新是产品设计的两个关键因素，而两者间常常存在着一定的矛盾，即任何一个因素的优化通常都会导致另外一个因素的恶化。产品设计中决策活动的目的之一在于平衡二者间的冲突，帮助实现快速设计和创新设计。决策活动会在产品设计的很多阶段出现，如设计任务确定、设计规格形成、概念设计和体现设计等。其中，概念设计是最为重要的阶段，也是决策活动最为频繁的阶段。产品概念设计以设计目标为输入、以产品概念设计方案为输出，决定着产品最终质量和市场竞争力，其本质是为了获取创新方案。产品概念设计过程研究的主要目的是促进概念设计的规范化、形式化、系统化，支持产品设计者在尽可能短的期限开发出高质量、新颖且符合顾客需求的产品。因此，本文将产品概念设计当做一系列的决策问题求解过程，并以产品概念设计过程模型研究为主体，决策（技术决策）问题求解为重点，加快产品开发速度和增强设计方案创新性为目标，构建较为完整的、面向顾客需求的概念设计模型。
论文结合质量功能配置(Quality Function Deployment，QFD)、案例决策理论（Case-Based Decision Theory，CBDT）、发明问题解决理论（Theory of the Solution ofInventive Problems，TRIZ）、意象尺度（Image-Scale）、Solidworks等理论、方法或工具，提出了产品概念设计过程模型QCTIS。依据该模型，论文着重研究了顾客需求获取、产品概念设计过程中一般技术决策问题和涉及创新的技术决策问题的求解。具体地，运用TRIZ中的技术进化法则、路线和40条发明原理驱动顾客需求的分析、获取及调研问卷的设计，并以KANO模型的二维评价表为单个调研问题制作框架，构建了TRIZ知识驱动下的顾客需求获取机制；应用CBDT解决产品概念设计过程中的一般技术决策问题，构建了产品概念设计背景下基于CBDT的决策问题求解模型，着重探讨了假定情景下的相似度计算方法，包括相似度计算中评价属性集的选择问题和单个属性的相似度评价问题；以基于CBDT的决策问题求解流程为框架，TRIZ中矛盾矩阵为桥梁，将TRIZ与基于CBDT的决策问题求解模型进行融合，构建了CBDT-TRIZ模型，用于解决涉及创新的技术决策问题，以帮助设计者快速获取创新方案。除此，本文还规范了该过程模型中基于QFD的顾客需求分析和给出了基于Image-Scale的方案评估方法。
本文结合实际的产品设计，开发了与产品概念设计过程模型QCTIS相关的软件工具，并通过无绳园艺工具产品的创新设计验证了相关研究和开发成果。这些软件工具的成功开发，在一定程度上说明了本文研究的可行性和有效性，可为产品概念设计提供方法与技术上的支持。
Speed to market and innovation are two of the most important attributes that enable amanufacturer to be competitive. These two attributes can be contradicting, forcingcompromises. Despite this, there exists one common activity which can benefit bothattributes–optimize the decision-making process, which can satisfy rapid design andinnovative design simultaneously. Decision-making occur in many places within the designprocess which is made up of task clarification, specification definition, conceptual design,and embodiment design. Within this process, conceptual design is the phase wheredecision-making and creativity can play an important role. Product conceptual design is asystem work flow where specification of the design is the input and the conceptual designscheme of product is the output. The essence of product conceptual design is to acquireinnovative design scheme of new products, and it will effect the quality and the marketcompetitiveness of the final product. The main purpose of the research of productconceptual design is to standardized, formalized, and systematized the procedures, thussupporting designers to develop an innovative product which has a high quality and meetscustomer needs at the lowest expense of the time and the cost. This paper will develop thecustomer-driven product conceptual design process model by regarding the conceptualdesign process as a series of decision-making process, and mainly comitted to optimizerelated decision (Technical decision) problem resolution during the product conceptualdesign, thus helping designers rapidly formulate innovative design scheme for the newproduct development.
The paper proposed a product conceptual design process model–QCTIS. QualityFunction Deployment (QFD), Case-based Decision Theory (CBDT), Theory of InventiveProblem Solving (TRIZ), Image-Scale, and Solidworks are integrated into the process model.Specifically, a questionnaire design mechanism by utilizing knowledge-evelutionary lawsand lines,40innovative principles, which come from TRIZ, to excavate unperceivablecustomer needs was firstly proposed. The mechanism is influenced by TRIZ as well as theKano model to evaluate customer needs. Then, a CBDT-based problem resolution modelto support general decision-making during product conceptual design, accordingly somemethods used in the model were discussed, especially attribute scope determination related to similarity evaluation and similarity functions of each single attribute. In addition, based on theprocess of CBDT-based problem resolution model and the contradiction matrix comesfrom TRIZ, a CBDT-TRIZ model for rapidly undertaking innovative solution generationare proposed. Finally, the proposed process model QCTIS also utilizes QFD to translate customerwants into relevant engineering design requirements and thus formulating the design specification,and Image Scale to offer an orthogonal coordinates system to aid evaluation.
Through some actual product designs, some software were developed based on theproposed product conceptual design process model, such as the tool for questionnaire design basedon evelutionary lines and40innovative principles, the tool for general decision problemresolution based on CBDT, and a tool for the application of the CBDT-TRIZ model. The feasibilityand effectiveness of the research result can also be proved by these tools. In addition, a―cordlesshand-tool design‖case study was developed to validate the new process model.
论文结合质量功能配置(Quality Function Deployment，QFD)、案例决策理论（Case-Based Decision Theory，CBDT）、发明问题解决理论（Theory of the Solution ofInventive Problems，TRIZ）、意象尺度（Image-Scale）、Solidworks等理论、方法或工具，提出了产品概念设计过程模型QCTIS。依据该模型，论文着重研究了顾客需求获取、产品概念设计过程中一般技术决策问题和涉及创新的技术决策问题的求解。具体地，运用TRIZ中的技术进化法则、路线和40条发明原理驱动顾客需求的分析、获取及调研问卷的设计，并以KANO模型的二维评价表为单个调研问题制作框架，构建了TRIZ知识驱动下的顾客需求获取机制；应用CBDT解决产品概念设计过程中的一般技术决策问题，构建了产品概念设计背景下基于CBDT的决策问题求解模型，着重探讨了假定情景下的相似度计算方法，包括相似度计算中评价属性集的选择问题和单个属性的相似度评价问题；以基于CBDT的决策问题求解流程为框架，TRIZ中矛盾矩阵为桥梁，将TRIZ与基于CBDT的决策问题求解模型进行融合，构建了CBDT-TRIZ模型，用于解决涉及创新的技术决策问题，以帮助设计者快速获取创新方案。除此，本文还规范了该过程模型中基于QFD的顾客需求分析和给出了基于Image-Scale的方案评估方法。
本文结合实际的产品设计，开发了与产品概念设计过程模型QCTIS相关的软件工具，并通过无绳园艺工具产品的创新设计验证了相关研究和开发成果。这些软件工具的成功开发，在一定程度上说明了本文研究的可行性和有效性，可为产品概念设计提供方法与技术上的支持。
Speed to market and innovation are two of the most important attributes that enable amanufacturer to be competitive. These two attributes can be contradicting, forcingcompromises. Despite this, there exists one common activity which can benefit bothattributes–optimize the decision-making process, which can satisfy rapid design andinnovative design simultaneously. Decision-making occur in many places within the designprocess which is made up of task clarification, specification definition, conceptual design,and embodiment design. Within this process, conceptual design is the phase wheredecision-making and creativity can play an important role. Product conceptual design is asystem work flow where specification of the design is the input and the conceptual designscheme of product is the output. The essence of product conceptual design is to acquireinnovative design scheme of new products, and it will effect the quality and the marketcompetitiveness of the final product. The main purpose of the research of productconceptual design is to standardized, formalized, and systematized the procedures, thussupporting designers to develop an innovative product which has a high quality and meetscustomer needs at the lowest expense of the time and the cost. This paper will develop thecustomer-driven product conceptual design process model by regarding the conceptualdesign process as a series of decision-making process, and mainly comitted to optimizerelated decision (Technical decision) problem resolution during the product conceptualdesign, thus helping designers rapidly formulate innovative design scheme for the newproduct development.
The paper proposed a product conceptual design process model–QCTIS. QualityFunction Deployment (QFD), Case-based Decision Theory (CBDT), Theory of InventiveProblem Solving (TRIZ), Image-Scale, and Solidworks are integrated into the process model.Specifically, a questionnaire design mechanism by utilizing knowledge-evelutionary lawsand lines,40innovative principles, which come from TRIZ, to excavate unperceivablecustomer needs was firstly proposed. The mechanism is influenced by TRIZ as well as theKano model to evaluate customer needs. Then, a CBDT-based problem resolution modelto support general decision-making during product conceptual design, accordingly somemethods used in the model were discussed, especially attribute scope determination related to similarity evaluation and similarity functions of each single attribute. In addition, based on theprocess of CBDT-based problem resolution model and the contradiction matrix comesfrom TRIZ, a CBDT-TRIZ model for rapidly undertaking innovative solution generationare proposed. Finally, the proposed process model QCTIS also utilizes QFD to translate customerwants into relevant engineering design requirements and thus formulating the design specification,and Image Scale to offer an orthogonal coordinates system to aid evaluation.
Through some actual product designs, some software were developed based on theproposed product conceptual design process model, such as the tool for questionnaire design basedon evelutionary lines and40innovative principles, the tool for general decision problemresolution based on CBDT, and a tool for the application of the CBDT-TRIZ model. The feasibilityand effectiveness of the research result can also be proved by these tools. In addition, a―cordlesshand-tool design‖case study was developed to validate the new process model.
引文
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