农户借贷行为研究
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摘要
随着改革开放的深化和农村经济的发展,农业人口逐渐向非农领域转移,农业结构调整步伐逐渐加快,农村对金融服务的需求日益增加。以农村金融的核心问题—农户借贷作为切入点,全面、准确地认识农户金融需求状况,对于农村各类金融机构提高效率、确定市场定位、拓展业务及金融创新有一定的现实意义,对于提高农户的整体收入水平也有较强的现实意义。本文就是试图通过对甘肃省农户借贷的行为研究,以期找出农户在资金借贷上的矛盾所在,并在此基础上提供一些可行的思路和建议。
本文对甘肃省兰州市、定西市、白银市、天水市、张掖市、武威市、庆阳市、临夏市等地的农户进行了有关农户借贷行为的问卷调查,共发放调查问卷480份,收回427份,有效问卷405份。
从对调查数据的统计分析的结果看,农户资金借贷比较普遍,调查中76.5%农户表示有资金的困难。从借贷规模上看,正规借款占总借款额度的33.88%,非正规借贷占总借款额度的66.12%。从笔数上看,正规借款占总笔数的19.9%,非正规借款占总笔数的80.1%,说明非正规借款要远大于正规借款。正规借贷的用途中,农业生产方面的借贷占农业用途借贷的64.4%,在农业用途借贷中占据主要地位。非正规借款中,生活性借款占总借款的66.9%。农户的非正规借贷中无息借款占81.1%,向亲朋好友的借款占93.16%。农户的非正规借款期限整体较短,无确切期限、延期的借款也占一定的比例。43.3%的农户非正规借款基本没有任何显性措施来确保还款,但是有借据的比例也有增加的趋势。农户的借贷意愿强烈。54.07%的农户对农村信用社的借贷政策、改革不了解。
不同类型的农户在借款水平、来源和用途的选择上表现出的融资行为偏好也不同。影响农户借款行为的因素中,人力资本、社会资本拥有量对借款有正向影响,家庭收入对借款有负向影响,生产规模无显著影响。制约农户借款行为的因素有农户自身方面的、正规金融机构方面和民间金融方面。
对农户的资金融出行为初步性地探讨中发现,有资金融出的比例占39.00%。并且显示出农户“立约率”的高低与借出额度呈正相关。
针对农户资金的融入和融出的特征,提出了以下的政策建议:农村信用社改进适合农户借贷的业务方式、构建“公司+银行+担保公司+农户+专业技能培训”经营模式、根据不同的农户金融需求主体提供相应的金融服务、不断完善和扩大甘肃农村地区银行业金融机构准入政策试点工作、继续普及和推广农村政策性保险试点、逐步建立完善农村社会福利保障制度、建立群众性金融互助机构。
With the deepening of reform and opening up and the development of rural economy, agricultural population transfer to non-agricultural fields, the agricultural structure adjusting pace gradually accelerate ,rural financial services to the increasing demand. With the core problem of rural finance, the borrowing and lending of rural households, as the point, we can accurately understand the financing need of rural households. And it will have certain practical significance for money corporations of rural areas to raise efficiency, confirm market position, and expand businesses and financial innovation. Additionally, the borrowing and lending behavior of rural households have also some practical significance for rural households to improve earnings level. This paper is trying to identifying farmers on the contradictions of the capital loans, and on this basis to provide some practical ideas and suggestions by studying farmers' behavior of borrowing in Gansu Province.
In this paper, we choice the farmers of the Lanzhou, Dingxi, Baiyin, Tianshui, Zhangye, Wuwei, Qingyang, Linxia and other places in the Gansu Province, survey loans of farmers. a total of 480 questionnaires were issued, 427 were recovered , In the 405 valid questionnaires. From the results of the statistical analysis, we can find that farmers borrow funds more commonly, 76.5% said that they have financial difficulties. From the scale of borrowing, the formal borrowing accounts for 33.88% of the total borrowing; non-formal lending accounts for 66.12%. From the number, the regular borrowing is 19.9% of the total Number, non-formal accounts for 80.1%, proving that non-formal loan is much larger than the formal .The agricultural production of agricultural loans in use of informal lending accounts for 64.4% of the loan purposes, demonstrating that agricultural production occupies a major position in the agricultural use of the loans lending.
In non-formal borrowing, the living loan is 69.7% of the total borrowing, which proves that farmers tend to living loan. Non-interest loan accounts for 81.1 percent and 93.16% of borrowing from the relatives and friends in the non-formal.
The borrowing period is shorter totally, no exact deadline, the extension of loans also account for a certain proportion in the non-formal. 43.3 % of rural households do not have any overt measures to ensure repayment, but there is the trend of increasing the proportion of having Borrowing certificate. The farmers have the strong wishes of loans. 54.07% of farmers have little understanding to the rules and lending policies of the rural credit cooperatives, do not understand the reform of rural credit cooperatives.
Different types of farmers have different acts preferences of financing in the level, the choice of sources and uses of borrowing. Impact on farmer’s loans of factors, human capital, the scale of production, possession of social capital has positive effects on the borrower; the household income of borrowers has negative effects.
The study of lending acting of farmers found that, lending accounting for 39.00 percent, Then,“contracting rate" was positively correlated the level of lending limit.
In view of farmers borrowing and lending, put forward the following recommendations: Rural credit cooperatives improving the lending business for farmers, construction of "company+bank+security company+professional skills training+farmers" business model, Provide the main financial services according to different financial needs of farmers, constantly improve and expand the rural areas of Gansu banking financial institutions access policy experiment, continue to popularize and promote the rural policies of insurance pilot, improve rural social welfare protection system, developing community re-investment by Learning from foreign experience.
本文对甘肃省兰州市、定西市、白银市、天水市、张掖市、武威市、庆阳市、临夏市等地的农户进行了有关农户借贷行为的问卷调查,共发放调查问卷480份,收回427份,有效问卷405份。
从对调查数据的统计分析的结果看,农户资金借贷比较普遍,调查中76.5%农户表示有资金的困难。从借贷规模上看,正规借款占总借款额度的33.88%,非正规借贷占总借款额度的66.12%。从笔数上看,正规借款占总笔数的19.9%,非正规借款占总笔数的80.1%,说明非正规借款要远大于正规借款。正规借贷的用途中,农业生产方面的借贷占农业用途借贷的64.4%,在农业用途借贷中占据主要地位。非正规借款中,生活性借款占总借款的66.9%。农户的非正规借贷中无息借款占81.1%,向亲朋好友的借款占93.16%。农户的非正规借款期限整体较短,无确切期限、延期的借款也占一定的比例。43.3%的农户非正规借款基本没有任何显性措施来确保还款,但是有借据的比例也有增加的趋势。农户的借贷意愿强烈。54.07%的农户对农村信用社的借贷政策、改革不了解。
不同类型的农户在借款水平、来源和用途的选择上表现出的融资行为偏好也不同。影响农户借款行为的因素中,人力资本、社会资本拥有量对借款有正向影响,家庭收入对借款有负向影响,生产规模无显著影响。制约农户借款行为的因素有农户自身方面的、正规金融机构方面和民间金融方面。
对农户的资金融出行为初步性地探讨中发现,有资金融出的比例占39.00%。并且显示出农户“立约率”的高低与借出额度呈正相关。
针对农户资金的融入和融出的特征,提出了以下的政策建议:农村信用社改进适合农户借贷的业务方式、构建“公司+银行+担保公司+农户+专业技能培训”经营模式、根据不同的农户金融需求主体提供相应的金融服务、不断完善和扩大甘肃农村地区银行业金融机构准入政策试点工作、继续普及和推广农村政策性保险试点、逐步建立完善农村社会福利保障制度、建立群众性金融互助机构。
With the deepening of reform and opening up and the development of rural economy, agricultural population transfer to non-agricultural fields, the agricultural structure adjusting pace gradually accelerate ,rural financial services to the increasing demand. With the core problem of rural finance, the borrowing and lending of rural households, as the point, we can accurately understand the financing need of rural households. And it will have certain practical significance for money corporations of rural areas to raise efficiency, confirm market position, and expand businesses and financial innovation. Additionally, the borrowing and lending behavior of rural households have also some practical significance for rural households to improve earnings level. This paper is trying to identifying farmers on the contradictions of the capital loans, and on this basis to provide some practical ideas and suggestions by studying farmers' behavior of borrowing in Gansu Province.
In this paper, we choice the farmers of the Lanzhou, Dingxi, Baiyin, Tianshui, Zhangye, Wuwei, Qingyang, Linxia and other places in the Gansu Province, survey loans of farmers. a total of 480 questionnaires were issued, 427 were recovered , In the 405 valid questionnaires. From the results of the statistical analysis, we can find that farmers borrow funds more commonly, 76.5% said that they have financial difficulties. From the scale of borrowing, the formal borrowing accounts for 33.88% of the total borrowing; non-formal lending accounts for 66.12%. From the number, the regular borrowing is 19.9% of the total Number, non-formal accounts for 80.1%, proving that non-formal loan is much larger than the formal .The agricultural production of agricultural loans in use of informal lending accounts for 64.4% of the loan purposes, demonstrating that agricultural production occupies a major position in the agricultural use of the loans lending.
In non-formal borrowing, the living loan is 69.7% of the total borrowing, which proves that farmers tend to living loan. Non-interest loan accounts for 81.1 percent and 93.16% of borrowing from the relatives and friends in the non-formal.
The borrowing period is shorter totally, no exact deadline, the extension of loans also account for a certain proportion in the non-formal. 43.3 % of rural households do not have any overt measures to ensure repayment, but there is the trend of increasing the proportion of having Borrowing certificate. The farmers have the strong wishes of loans. 54.07% of farmers have little understanding to the rules and lending policies of the rural credit cooperatives, do not understand the reform of rural credit cooperatives.
Different types of farmers have different acts preferences of financing in the level, the choice of sources and uses of borrowing. Impact on farmer’s loans of factors, human capital, the scale of production, possession of social capital has positive effects on the borrower; the household income of borrowers has negative effects.
The study of lending acting of farmers found that, lending accounting for 39.00 percent, Then,“contracting rate" was positively correlated the level of lending limit.
In view of farmers borrowing and lending, put forward the following recommendations: Rural credit cooperatives improving the lending business for farmers, construction of "company+bank+security company+professional skills training+farmers" business model, Provide the main financial services according to different financial needs of farmers, constantly improve and expand the rural areas of Gansu banking financial institutions access policy experiment, continue to popularize and promote the rural policies of insurance pilot, improve rural social welfare protection system, developing community re-investment by Learning from foreign experience.
引文
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