GCr15轴承钢棒线材热连轧过程微观组织演化的数值模拟
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摘要
我国在许多年以前就已经跃居为世界第一产钢大国,然而到现在,仍然不能称之为钢铁强国。在生产一些高质量、高技术含量的钢材品种方面,我国与发达国家相比仍然存在着较大的差距,许多高质量、高技术含量的钢铁产品仍然需要从发达国家进口。想要改变这种状况,我国的钢铁企业必须着力于改进生产工艺,发展高性能、高技术含量的钢铁产品。在钢铁工业生产中,轧制是一种重要的生产方式,由于轧制过程的复杂性,长期以来,其研究主要建立在经验和反复试验基础上。在制定生产工艺时,往往需要反复的试验,这无疑造成研发周期的延长和生产成本的增加。近年来,随着计算机技术与有限元方法的发展,基于有限元理论的数值模拟方法为轧制过程的研究提供了重要手段。通过对轧制过程进行数值模拟分析,可以得到轧制过程中轧件变形、温度变化、等效应变变化、等效应变率变化、组织演化等,从而为轧制工艺的优化设计提供依据。
本文开发了GCr15钢热连轧过程微观组织演化的模拟系统,以东北特钢集团φ8 mmGCr15钢棒线材热连轧过程为对象展开了数值模拟。根据实际情况,将φ8 mm GCr15钢棒线材热连轧过程分为1-26道次控制轧制阶段和轧后控制冷却阶段,并分别进行了研究,主要研究内容及结论如下:
(1)在对GCr15钢热连轧过程的组织演化进行数值模拟研究前,首先需要建立GCr15钢的奥氏体晶粒演化模型。本文在Gleeble-3800热/力模拟试验机上进行了GCr15钢的晶粒长大实验、单道次压缩实验、双道次压缩实验,得到了数值模拟研究所需要的GCr15钢的奥氏体晶粒演化模型,它主要包括晶粒长大、动态再结晶、亚动态再结晶及静态再结晶模型等。
(2)采用大型商业有限元软件MSC.Marc,建立了φ8 mm GCr15钢棒线材26道次控制轧制过程的有限元模型,模拟了φ8 mm GCr15钢从出炉到精轧结束的全过程。由于受计算机速度的限制,将整个轧制过程分为几个部分分别进行模拟,分析了整个轧制过程中轧件变形、温度变化、等效应变变化、等效应变率变化等。同时,本文在Marc平台上进行二次开发,开发了GCr15钢轧制过程中的奥氏体晶粒演化子程序系统,结合GCr15钢的晶粒演化模型,对GCr15钢轧制过程的奥氏体晶粒演化进行了模拟。温度的模拟结果与测量结果吻合较好,奥氏体晶粒尺寸的模拟结果也与实验结果吻合较好。
(3)采用有限元软件MSC.Marc,建立了GCr15钢轧后控制冷却过程的有限元模型,在Marc平台上进行二次开发,开发了轧后冷却过程中GCr15钢奥氏体组织转变子程序系统,与GCr15钢控制冷却过程的有限元模型耦合进行计算。该子程序系统中结合了GCr15钢的TTT曲线,考虑了相变潜热的影响,模拟得到了GCr15钢在控制冷却过程中的温度变化情况和奥氏体组织转变结果。模拟得到的轧件的最终组织全部是珠光体,这与实验结果吻合。此外,本文利用GCr15钢奥氏体组织转变子程序系统探讨了同一温度和不同冷却速度下GCr15钢的组织转变情况,可为轧后冷却工艺的优化提供参考。
本文开发的GCr15钢热连轧过程微观组织演化的模拟系统可以用来模拟GCr15钢轧制过程中轧件变形、温度变化、等效应变变化、等效应变率变化、组织演化等,对轧制生产工艺的优化具有参考价值。
China has been the biggest country for steel production capability in the world in the past several years, but till now, it isn't still able to be regarded as a stronger country for steel production. In aspects of production for steel products of high quality and high technique, our country has a big different with developed countries. Many steel products of high quality and high technique have to be imported from developed countries. To change the situation, Chinese steel companies have to improve the processing condition for production, and develop products of high properties and high technique. In the industries for steel production, rolling is an important way for steel production. Due to the complexity of steel rolling process, the research on rolling process is mainly based on empirical methods and experiments previously. For the design of processing condition, the experiments will be conducted again and again, which results in the prolongation of research period and the rise of cost. Recently with the development of computer technique and finite element method, the method of numerical simulation based on FE theory becomes an important tool for the research of rolling process. Through the simulation and analysis of rolling process, the results such as the workpiece deformation, temperatures change, equivalent strain change, equivalent strain rate change, and microstructure evolution can be obtained, and it may provide a foundation for the optimization of processing parameter of rolling.
The simulation system for microstructure evolution during GCr15 steel continuous-hot rolling process is developed, and the continuous-hot rolling process ofφ8 mm GCr15 rod-wire steel at Dongbei Special Steel Group is selected as the research object and simulated. According to the practical situation,φ8 mm GCr15 rod-wire steel continuous-hot rolling process is divided into the phases of the 1-26 pass controlled rolling process and the controlled cooling process after rolling, and studied separately. The main research content and results are as follows:
(1)Before the numerical simulation for microstructure evolution of GCr15 steel continuous-hot rolling process, the austenite grain evolution model of GCr15 steel must be developed at first. Therefore, the grain growth tests, single hit compression tests, and double hit compression tests are performed on Gleeble-3800 thermal-mechanical simulator, and the austenite grain evolution model of GCr15 steel is obtained, which can be applied in numerical simulation and includes grain growth model, dynamic recrystallization model, metadynamic recrystallization model, and static recrystallization model, and so on.
(2) With the aid of the commercial FE software MSC.Marc, FE model of the 26 passes controlled rolling process ofφ8 mm GCr15 rod and wire steel is established. The process from the outlet of heat furnace to the end of finishing rolling is simulated. Due to the limit of computer speed, the whole process is divided into several sections to be modeled separately. The results such as the workpiece deformation, temperatures change, equivalent strain change, and equivalent strain rate change are analyzed. Also, based on the FE software MSC.Marc, the subroutine system of austenite grain evolution during GCr15 steel rolling process is developed. The model of austenite grain evolution for GCr15 steel is incorporated into the subroutine system to simulate the grain evolution of austenite during GCr15 steel rolling process. The simulated results of temperature agree well with measurements. The simulated results and measured results of grain size agree well with each other.
(3) With the aid of FE software MSC.Marc, FE model of GCr15 steel controlled cooling process after finishing rolling is established. Based on the FE software MSC.Marc, the subroutine system of austenite microstructure transformation during GCr15 steel cooling process after rolling is developed, and it can be coupled with FE model of GCr15 steel controlled cooling process in calculation. The TTT curve and the transformation latent of GCr15 steel are considered in the subroutine system to obtain temperatures change and austenite microstructure transformation of GCr15 steel during cooling process. The microstructure obtained by simulation is all pearlite, which agrees with the experiment results. In addition, the subroutine system of austenite microstructure transformation for GCr15 steel is utilized to study austenite microstructure transformation of GCr15 steel under different cooling speed and the same temperature, which is valuable to the optimization of cooling process after rolling.
The developed simulation system for microstructure evolution of GCr15 steel continuous-hot rolling process can be utilized to simulate the workpiece deformation, temperatures change, equivalent strain change, equivalent strain rate change, and microstructure evolution during GCr15 steel rolling process, which is valuable to the optimization of rolling process.
本文开发了GCr15钢热连轧过程微观组织演化的模拟系统,以东北特钢集团φ8 mmGCr15钢棒线材热连轧过程为对象展开了数值模拟。根据实际情况,将φ8 mm GCr15钢棒线材热连轧过程分为1-26道次控制轧制阶段和轧后控制冷却阶段,并分别进行了研究,主要研究内容及结论如下:
(1)在对GCr15钢热连轧过程的组织演化进行数值模拟研究前,首先需要建立GCr15钢的奥氏体晶粒演化模型。本文在Gleeble-3800热/力模拟试验机上进行了GCr15钢的晶粒长大实验、单道次压缩实验、双道次压缩实验,得到了数值模拟研究所需要的GCr15钢的奥氏体晶粒演化模型,它主要包括晶粒长大、动态再结晶、亚动态再结晶及静态再结晶模型等。
(2)采用大型商业有限元软件MSC.Marc,建立了φ8 mm GCr15钢棒线材26道次控制轧制过程的有限元模型,模拟了φ8 mm GCr15钢从出炉到精轧结束的全过程。由于受计算机速度的限制,将整个轧制过程分为几个部分分别进行模拟,分析了整个轧制过程中轧件变形、温度变化、等效应变变化、等效应变率变化等。同时,本文在Marc平台上进行二次开发,开发了GCr15钢轧制过程中的奥氏体晶粒演化子程序系统,结合GCr15钢的晶粒演化模型,对GCr15钢轧制过程的奥氏体晶粒演化进行了模拟。温度的模拟结果与测量结果吻合较好,奥氏体晶粒尺寸的模拟结果也与实验结果吻合较好。
(3)采用有限元软件MSC.Marc,建立了GCr15钢轧后控制冷却过程的有限元模型,在Marc平台上进行二次开发,开发了轧后冷却过程中GCr15钢奥氏体组织转变子程序系统,与GCr15钢控制冷却过程的有限元模型耦合进行计算。该子程序系统中结合了GCr15钢的TTT曲线,考虑了相变潜热的影响,模拟得到了GCr15钢在控制冷却过程中的温度变化情况和奥氏体组织转变结果。模拟得到的轧件的最终组织全部是珠光体,这与实验结果吻合。此外,本文利用GCr15钢奥氏体组织转变子程序系统探讨了同一温度和不同冷却速度下GCr15钢的组织转变情况,可为轧后冷却工艺的优化提供参考。
本文开发的GCr15钢热连轧过程微观组织演化的模拟系统可以用来模拟GCr15钢轧制过程中轧件变形、温度变化、等效应变变化、等效应变率变化、组织演化等,对轧制生产工艺的优化具有参考价值。
China has been the biggest country for steel production capability in the world in the past several years, but till now, it isn't still able to be regarded as a stronger country for steel production. In aspects of production for steel products of high quality and high technique, our country has a big different with developed countries. Many steel products of high quality and high technique have to be imported from developed countries. To change the situation, Chinese steel companies have to improve the processing condition for production, and develop products of high properties and high technique. In the industries for steel production, rolling is an important way for steel production. Due to the complexity of steel rolling process, the research on rolling process is mainly based on empirical methods and experiments previously. For the design of processing condition, the experiments will be conducted again and again, which results in the prolongation of research period and the rise of cost. Recently with the development of computer technique and finite element method, the method of numerical simulation based on FE theory becomes an important tool for the research of rolling process. Through the simulation and analysis of rolling process, the results such as the workpiece deformation, temperatures change, equivalent strain change, equivalent strain rate change, and microstructure evolution can be obtained, and it may provide a foundation for the optimization of processing parameter of rolling.
The simulation system for microstructure evolution during GCr15 steel continuous-hot rolling process is developed, and the continuous-hot rolling process ofφ8 mm GCr15 rod-wire steel at Dongbei Special Steel Group is selected as the research object and simulated. According to the practical situation,φ8 mm GCr15 rod-wire steel continuous-hot rolling process is divided into the phases of the 1-26 pass controlled rolling process and the controlled cooling process after rolling, and studied separately. The main research content and results are as follows:
(1)Before the numerical simulation for microstructure evolution of GCr15 steel continuous-hot rolling process, the austenite grain evolution model of GCr15 steel must be developed at first. Therefore, the grain growth tests, single hit compression tests, and double hit compression tests are performed on Gleeble-3800 thermal-mechanical simulator, and the austenite grain evolution model of GCr15 steel is obtained, which can be applied in numerical simulation and includes grain growth model, dynamic recrystallization model, metadynamic recrystallization model, and static recrystallization model, and so on.
(2) With the aid of the commercial FE software MSC.Marc, FE model of the 26 passes controlled rolling process ofφ8 mm GCr15 rod and wire steel is established. The process from the outlet of heat furnace to the end of finishing rolling is simulated. Due to the limit of computer speed, the whole process is divided into several sections to be modeled separately. The results such as the workpiece deformation, temperatures change, equivalent strain change, and equivalent strain rate change are analyzed. Also, based on the FE software MSC.Marc, the subroutine system of austenite grain evolution during GCr15 steel rolling process is developed. The model of austenite grain evolution for GCr15 steel is incorporated into the subroutine system to simulate the grain evolution of austenite during GCr15 steel rolling process. The simulated results of temperature agree well with measurements. The simulated results and measured results of grain size agree well with each other.
(3) With the aid of FE software MSC.Marc, FE model of GCr15 steel controlled cooling process after finishing rolling is established. Based on the FE software MSC.Marc, the subroutine system of austenite microstructure transformation during GCr15 steel cooling process after rolling is developed, and it can be coupled with FE model of GCr15 steel controlled cooling process in calculation. The TTT curve and the transformation latent of GCr15 steel are considered in the subroutine system to obtain temperatures change and austenite microstructure transformation of GCr15 steel during cooling process. The microstructure obtained by simulation is all pearlite, which agrees with the experiment results. In addition, the subroutine system of austenite microstructure transformation for GCr15 steel is utilized to study austenite microstructure transformation of GCr15 steel under different cooling speed and the same temperature, which is valuable to the optimization of cooling process after rolling.
The developed simulation system for microstructure evolution of GCr15 steel continuous-hot rolling process can be utilized to simulate the workpiece deformation, temperatures change, equivalent strain change, equivalent strain rate change, and microstructure evolution during GCr15 steel rolling process, which is valuable to the optimization of rolling process.
引文
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