基于GPS的高精度时钟的研究与设计
摘要
随着改革开放的不断深入,我国电力系统自动化技术快速发展,为了做到系统内部统一的管理和调度,整个系统对时间的统一性要求越来越高,同时对时间的同步精度要求也越来越高。互联网领域在世界各地分布着成千上万的服务器,计算机监控系统、数据采集系统、大型网络服务器系统、移动通信网络系统都需要统一的高精度时间以便管理。
结合当前市场需求,本文设计实现了一种基于GPS的高精度时钟。该系统具有液晶显示功能,可实时显示当前标准时间、工频频率及以工频为时钟源的周波钟时间。系统可以向用户提供扩展的多路秒脉冲1PPS、分钟脉冲1PPM、小时脉冲1PPH信号,脉冲宽度可调,信号的输出方式有TTL方式和空接点方式,用户可以根据自己需要灵活选择不同的输出方式。系统状态指示灯,可实时显示各种脉冲的到来及系统工作状态。此外,系统还能提供多种规约的校时串口数据,其中IRIG-B码是一种应用极其广泛的校时通讯规约,可以方便地与第三方设备兼容。用户可以通过键盘和显示屏选择需要输出的通讯规约,传输波特率等等,用户界面简单、操作方便。
系统主要由中心处理模块、GPS模块、键盘与显示模块、输出模块等组成。为了实现时钟的高精度,设计中选用了高速单片机C8051F020为主处理器,其系统时钟使用22.1184MHz外部晶振。GPS模块选择了高精度的授时型模块E531,系统中加入了对秒脉冲的抗干扰设计,并提出多套时钟的切换方案及有效解决IRIG-B直流码与交流码的共源问题,使时钟精度达到ns级。经过长时间的实验和测试,系统已达到设计任务的性能指标。该系统成本低、功耗小,可以广泛应用于电力系统、交通系统、广播电视系统及各种网络服务器的授时。
As the development of China, our electrical power system automation technology has progressed rapidly. In order to achieve a unified system management and scheduling, the requirements of uniformity of time as well as the accuracy of time synchronization have become increasingly higher and higher to the whole system. In the network field, tens of thousands of servers distribute all around the world. They also need high-precision time to help to manage.
Combined with current market demand, This paper designs a kind of high-precision GPS-based clock. The system has a liquid crystal display module, which can displays the current time in real-time. It also can display the frequency and cycle-clock time based on frequency pulse. The system can provide users with second-pulse 1PPS,minute-pulse 1PPM and hour-pulse 1PPH through patulous multi-path, whose width is adjustable. There are two modes for signals to output, such as TTL mode and air-contact mode, which can be selected by users flexible with status indicator lamp to display the arrival of various pulses and system status in real-time. In addition, the system can also provide a wide range of serial format data to amend other clocks, for instance, IRIG-B code is a widely-used communication protocol, which can be easily compatible with third-party equipment. Users can select different communication protocols, transmission baud rate according to their requirements and the user interface is simple, easy to operate.
The system consists of central processing module, GPS module, keyboard and display module, output module and so on. In order to achieve high-precision clock,C8051F020 MCU-based processor is used, whose system clock use an external crystal oscillator 22.1184MHz.A high-precision GPS module for time-based module E531 is also used. The system adopts anti-jamming design of second-pulse, and proposes three sets of clock scheme to raise precision, moreover, the problem of IRIG-B AC code and DC code to use the same source is also solved. After a long period of experimentation and test, system performance is proved to meet the design target mission. The system is of low cost, small power consumption, which can be widely used in electrical power systems, transportation systems, radio and television systems and a variety of network time servers.
结合当前市场需求,本文设计实现了一种基于GPS的高精度时钟。该系统具有液晶显示功能,可实时显示当前标准时间、工频频率及以工频为时钟源的周波钟时间。系统可以向用户提供扩展的多路秒脉冲1PPS、分钟脉冲1PPM、小时脉冲1PPH信号,脉冲宽度可调,信号的输出方式有TTL方式和空接点方式,用户可以根据自己需要灵活选择不同的输出方式。系统状态指示灯,可实时显示各种脉冲的到来及系统工作状态。此外,系统还能提供多种规约的校时串口数据,其中IRIG-B码是一种应用极其广泛的校时通讯规约,可以方便地与第三方设备兼容。用户可以通过键盘和显示屏选择需要输出的通讯规约,传输波特率等等,用户界面简单、操作方便。
系统主要由中心处理模块、GPS模块、键盘与显示模块、输出模块等组成。为了实现时钟的高精度,设计中选用了高速单片机C8051F020为主处理器,其系统时钟使用22.1184MHz外部晶振。GPS模块选择了高精度的授时型模块E531,系统中加入了对秒脉冲的抗干扰设计,并提出多套时钟的切换方案及有效解决IRIG-B直流码与交流码的共源问题,使时钟精度达到ns级。经过长时间的实验和测试,系统已达到设计任务的性能指标。该系统成本低、功耗小,可以广泛应用于电力系统、交通系统、广播电视系统及各种网络服务器的授时。
As the development of China, our electrical power system automation technology has progressed rapidly. In order to achieve a unified system management and scheduling, the requirements of uniformity of time as well as the accuracy of time synchronization have become increasingly higher and higher to the whole system. In the network field, tens of thousands of servers distribute all around the world. They also need high-precision time to help to manage.
Combined with current market demand, This paper designs a kind of high-precision GPS-based clock. The system has a liquid crystal display module, which can displays the current time in real-time. It also can display the frequency and cycle-clock time based on frequency pulse. The system can provide users with second-pulse 1PPS,minute-pulse 1PPM and hour-pulse 1PPH through patulous multi-path, whose width is adjustable. There are two modes for signals to output, such as TTL mode and air-contact mode, which can be selected by users flexible with status indicator lamp to display the arrival of various pulses and system status in real-time. In addition, the system can also provide a wide range of serial format data to amend other clocks, for instance, IRIG-B code is a widely-used communication protocol, which can be easily compatible with third-party equipment. Users can select different communication protocols, transmission baud rate according to their requirements and the user interface is simple, easy to operate.
The system consists of central processing module, GPS module, keyboard and display module, output module and so on. In order to achieve high-precision clock,C8051F020 MCU-based processor is used, whose system clock use an external crystal oscillator 22.1184MHz.A high-precision GPS module for time-based module E531 is also used. The system adopts anti-jamming design of second-pulse, and proposes three sets of clock scheme to raise precision, moreover, the problem of IRIG-B AC code and DC code to use the same source is also solved. After a long period of experimentation and test, system performance is proved to meet the design target mission. The system is of low cost, small power consumption, which can be widely used in electrical power systems, transportation systems, radio and television systems and a variety of network time servers.
引文
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[2] Weiss M, Zhang V, Nelson L. Delay variations in some GPS timing receivers. Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium, 1997: 302~312.
[3]谢黎,黄国方,沈健.数字化变电站中高精度同步采样时钟的设计.电力系统自动化, 2009.1,第33卷第1期:61~64.
[4]殷科生.基于高精度GPS时钟的新型故障录波装置.制造业自动化, 2009.2,第31卷第2期: 124~126.
[5]郜洪亮,刘遵义.基于GPS和FPGA的便携式高精度同步时钟的研制.电力系统保护与控制, 2009.1,第37卷第2期: 80~82
[6]张丽伊.GPS卫星时钟同步系统在综自变电站中的应用.科技信息,2008年第17期: 370~371.
[7]刘为,董德存.基于GPS技术的分布式授时同步时钟.微型电脑应用,2005,21(5): 21~23.
[8]周强,丛海波,吴希杰.利用gps实现高精度时钟.信息技术与信息化,2006年第5期:148~150.
[9]夏双林. GPS标准时间同步时钟的设计与实现[硕士学位论文].湖北武汉:华中科技大学,2008:1~2,4~5,22~24,40~42.
[10] Crossley P. Future of the global positioning system in power systems. IEEE colloquium on developments in the Use of Global Positioning Systems, 1994. 7/1-7/5.
[11]朱文治,肖晓刚.GPS卫星时钟在电网自动化系统中的应用.电网技术,1997(3):32~33.
[12] Nix, David. Common Architectures for Communications. Embedded Systems Programming, November 1999.
[13]冯海旗.GPS定位授时接收机及其应用.无线电通信技术,1998:4~7.
[14] Ganssle, Jack G. The Art of Designing Embedded Systems. Newnes.1999.
[15] Tammy Noergaard著,马洪兵,古源涛译.嵌入式系统硬件与软件架构.北京:人民邮电出版社,2008.2 :347~364.
[16] Peter H.Schavemaker and Lou van der Sluis.Digital Testing of High-Voltage Circuit Breakers.IEEE Computer Application in Power,Apr.2000:50~56.
[17]彭甫阳,王怀彬,王安生等译.嵌入式通信软件设计.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.11:50~56.
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[20]潘琢金,施国君. C8051FXXX高速SOC单片机原理及应用.北京航空航天大学出版社. 2002.5:43~51,141~143,176~179.
[21]张毅刚,彭喜元,董继成.单片机原理及应用.北京.高等教育出版.2005.12:351~357
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[24]徐爱均.单片机高级语言C51 Windows环境编程与应用.电子工业出版社,2001: 14~16.
[25] Getting Started with uVision2 User’s Guide. Keil software.Inc.2001.
[26]尹勇,王洪成.单片机开发环境uVision2使用指南及USB固件编程与调试.北京:航空航天大学出版社,2004.
[27]赵亮,侯国锐.单片机C语言编程与实例.北京:人民邮电出版社,2003. 9 :8~10.
[28]马忠梅,籍顺心,张凯等.单片机的C语言应用程序设计.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.1999.7 : 41~47.
[29] Multiple Device JTAG Configuration in the Cygnal IDE.Cygnal Application Note. Cygnal Integrated Inc.Nov,2002:1~2.
[30]张伟,李兆麟,张闯等.一种基于JTAG的嵌入式微处理器片上可调试系统.计算机工程与应用, 2004 .40 (12) :124.
[31]北京合众思壮科技股份有限公司系统工程部.产品手册,2009 :27~28.
[32]黄智伟. GPS接收机电路设计.北京:国防工作出版社, 2005.6:83~86.
[33] NMEA.NMEA 0183 Standard For Interfacing Marine Electronic Devices, Version 2. 30, March 1 ,1998.
[34]钱德俊,张哲,胡晨. NMEA0183协议解析.电子器件,2007.4.第30卷第2期:698~701.
[35] Sridhar,Thayumanavan. Strategies for Communications Systems Software Design. Embedded Systems Programming. June 1998.
[36] <<最新电子元器件产品大全>>编委会.最新电子元器件大全.北京:电子工业出版社,1997.12.
[37]邢远秀,陈姚节.键盘消抖电路的研究与分析.中国科技信息,2008年第1期:67~68.
[38]方龙,肖献保,李威.关于消除按键机械抖动的研究.广西轻工业, 2008.1.第1期:92~92.
[39]张毅刚,彭喜元,董继成.单片机原理及应用.北京:高等教育出版社,2005.12:230~232.
[40]王海欣,黄海宏.液晶显示器的汉字显示方法.液晶与显示,2005.4.第20卷第2期:155~157.
[41] Product Specification VGS12864E Oled Display Module . Beijing Visionox Technology Co.Ltd. 2004.2,Rev 1.1:4~8.
[42]梁燕,胡浩,卢益民.OLED显示模块与C8051F单片机的接口设计.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2006年第1期:48~50.
[43] Randall Hyde著,韩东海译.编程卓越之道第一卷:深入理解计算机.北京:电子工业出版社,2006.4 :104~109.
[44]谢瑞和.串行技术大全(第1版).北京:清华大学出版社. 2003年4月:12~16.
[45]谢瑞和等.微型计算机原理与接口技术基础教程.北京:科学出版社, 2005.8.:5~6.
[46] IRIG Standard Instrumentation Timing Formats. IRIG Document107-70 ( AD-728069)
[47] IRIG Standard Parallel Binary Time Code Formats. IRIG Standard 128 -77( AD-A053670).
[48]姚军.利用GPS实现高精度IRIG-B码的设计.遥测技术,1997.3.第18卷第2期:33~34.
[49]李万山,郑海昕.用GPS校时的IRIG-B(DC)时间码产生器设计.指挥技术学院学报, 1999.2.第10卷第1期:62~64.
[50]周国平.邢灿华.IRIG- B格式时间编码电路的设计.电气技术与自动化,Apr 2005. 34 ( 2) :88~90.
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[52]曾祥君,尹项根,K.K.Li等. GPS时钟在线监测与修正方法.中国电机工程学报,2002.12第22卷第12期: 41~45.
[2] Weiss M, Zhang V, Nelson L. Delay variations in some GPS timing receivers. Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium, 1997: 302~312.
[3]谢黎,黄国方,沈健.数字化变电站中高精度同步采样时钟的设计.电力系统自动化, 2009.1,第33卷第1期:61~64.
[4]殷科生.基于高精度GPS时钟的新型故障录波装置.制造业自动化, 2009.2,第31卷第2期: 124~126.
[5]郜洪亮,刘遵义.基于GPS和FPGA的便携式高精度同步时钟的研制.电力系统保护与控制, 2009.1,第37卷第2期: 80~82
[6]张丽伊.GPS卫星时钟同步系统在综自变电站中的应用.科技信息,2008年第17期: 370~371.
[7]刘为,董德存.基于GPS技术的分布式授时同步时钟.微型电脑应用,2005,21(5): 21~23.
[8]周强,丛海波,吴希杰.利用gps实现高精度时钟.信息技术与信息化,2006年第5期:148~150.
[9]夏双林. GPS标准时间同步时钟的设计与实现[硕士学位论文].湖北武汉:华中科技大学,2008:1~2,4~5,22~24,40~42.
[10] Crossley P. Future of the global positioning system in power systems. IEEE colloquium on developments in the Use of Global Positioning Systems, 1994. 7/1-7/5.
[11]朱文治,肖晓刚.GPS卫星时钟在电网自动化系统中的应用.电网技术,1997(3):32~33.
[12] Nix, David. Common Architectures for Communications. Embedded Systems Programming, November 1999.
[13]冯海旗.GPS定位授时接收机及其应用.无线电通信技术,1998:4~7.
[14] Ganssle, Jack G. The Art of Designing Embedded Systems. Newnes.1999.
[15] Tammy Noergaard著,马洪兵,古源涛译.嵌入式系统硬件与软件架构.北京:人民邮电出版社,2008.2 :347~364.
[16] Peter H.Schavemaker and Lou van der Sluis.Digital Testing of High-Voltage Circuit Breakers.IEEE Computer Application in Power,Apr.2000:50~56.
[17]彭甫阳,王怀彬,王安生等译.嵌入式通信软件设计.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.11:50~56.
[18]周航慈,饶运涛.单片机程序设计.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1995:30~32.
[19] Ganssle, Jack G. The Challenges of Real Time Programming. Embedded Systems Programming, July 1998.
[20]潘琢金,施国君. C8051FXXX高速SOC单片机原理及应用.北京航空航天大学出版社. 2002.5:43~51,141~143,176~179.
[21]张毅刚,彭喜元,董继成.单片机原理及应用.北京.高等教育出版.2005.12:351~357
[22]郭宽明.单片机外围器件手册——电源器件分册.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 1998.10.
[23]王幸之,王雷,翟.单片机应用系统抗干扰技术.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2000.2: 100~103.
[24]徐爱均.单片机高级语言C51 Windows环境编程与应用.电子工业出版社,2001: 14~16.
[25] Getting Started with uVision2 User’s Guide. Keil software.Inc.2001.
[26]尹勇,王洪成.单片机开发环境uVision2使用指南及USB固件编程与调试.北京:航空航天大学出版社,2004.
[27]赵亮,侯国锐.单片机C语言编程与实例.北京:人民邮电出版社,2003. 9 :8~10.
[28]马忠梅,籍顺心,张凯等.单片机的C语言应用程序设计.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.1999.7 : 41~47.
[29] Multiple Device JTAG Configuration in the Cygnal IDE.Cygnal Application Note. Cygnal Integrated Inc.Nov,2002:1~2.
[30]张伟,李兆麟,张闯等.一种基于JTAG的嵌入式微处理器片上可调试系统.计算机工程与应用, 2004 .40 (12) :124.
[31]北京合众思壮科技股份有限公司系统工程部.产品手册,2009 :27~28.
[32]黄智伟. GPS接收机电路设计.北京:国防工作出版社, 2005.6:83~86.
[33] NMEA.NMEA 0183 Standard For Interfacing Marine Electronic Devices, Version 2. 30, March 1 ,1998.
[34]钱德俊,张哲,胡晨. NMEA0183协议解析.电子器件,2007.4.第30卷第2期:698~701.
[35] Sridhar,Thayumanavan. Strategies for Communications Systems Software Design. Embedded Systems Programming. June 1998.
[36] <<最新电子元器件产品大全>>编委会.最新电子元器件大全.北京:电子工业出版社,1997.12.
[37]邢远秀,陈姚节.键盘消抖电路的研究与分析.中国科技信息,2008年第1期:67~68.
[38]方龙,肖献保,李威.关于消除按键机械抖动的研究.广西轻工业, 2008.1.第1期:92~92.
[39]张毅刚,彭喜元,董继成.单片机原理及应用.北京:高等教育出版社,2005.12:230~232.
[40]王海欣,黄海宏.液晶显示器的汉字显示方法.液晶与显示,2005.4.第20卷第2期:155~157.
[41] Product Specification VGS12864E Oled Display Module . Beijing Visionox Technology Co.Ltd. 2004.2,Rev 1.1:4~8.
[42]梁燕,胡浩,卢益民.OLED显示模块与C8051F单片机的接口设计.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2006年第1期:48~50.
[43] Randall Hyde著,韩东海译.编程卓越之道第一卷:深入理解计算机.北京:电子工业出版社,2006.4 :104~109.
[44]谢瑞和.串行技术大全(第1版).北京:清华大学出版社. 2003年4月:12~16.
[45]谢瑞和等.微型计算机原理与接口技术基础教程.北京:科学出版社, 2005.8.:5~6.
[46] IRIG Standard Instrumentation Timing Formats. IRIG Document107-70 ( AD-728069)
[47] IRIG Standard Parallel Binary Time Code Formats. IRIG Standard 128 -77( AD-A053670).
[48]姚军.利用GPS实现高精度IRIG-B码的设计.遥测技术,1997.3.第18卷第2期:33~34.
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[50]周国平.邢灿华.IRIG- B格式时间编码电路的设计.电气技术与自动化,Apr 2005. 34 ( 2) :88~90.
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