汽车液电馈能式减振器研究
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摘要
减振器是汽车悬架系统中的重要组成部件,工作过程中通过液压油往返流经阀体和间隙产生阻尼,吸收汽车在不平路面上行驶产生的振动能量,从而衰减车辆的振动,并将这部分能量以热的形式耗散掉。液电馈能式减振器采用机—电—液混合系统,通过单向阀组成的液压回路将由路面不平引起的车身与道路间的往复振动变成流动方向不变的液压油流动,由液压油驱动液压马达进而带动发电机发电,从而将振动机械能转化为电能,可为汽车空调以及其他电器系统提供电能。本项目通过建立机—电—液混合系统动力学模型及仿真,分析机械能、液能和电能的相互转换的动态特性,在此基础上开展汽车振动能量回收模型的研究,液电馈能式减振器的能量转换机理研究和原理样机的研制。同时研究基于该种形式减振器所建立的悬架系统,对能量回收利用的程度,以及通过相关控制算法实现悬架系统主动或半主动控制的可行性。
本文基于国家自然科学基金面上项目资助,对液电馈能式减振器进行原理可行性验证研究和原理样机试制工作,主要工作包括：
(1)总结前人在馈能式减振器领域的研究工作,分析各种形式减振器工作原理及优缺点,提出液电馈能式减振器基本原理方案。
(2)分析液电馈能式减振器的动力学特性,提出阻尼力控制方法,并提出液电馈能式悬架系统控制策略。
(3)基于AMESim仿真软件建立液电馈能式减振器仿真模型,通过仿真试验观察其工作特点,分析其性能特性,并借助仿真试验确定原理样机中各关键零部件的参数。
(4)设计并搭建原理样机试验台架,其中一些关键零部件的选型借鉴仿真试验中的试验结果。
(5)建立发电机工况试验台架,研究发电机的实际工作特性。
(6)进行原理样机台架试验,详细了解液电馈能式减振器的实际工作特性,将台架试验结果与仿真模型试验结果进行比较分析,发现会对减振器性能造成影响的结构形式并分析其原因。
(7)总结并分析仿真试验和原理样机试验中出现的问题,并提出改进方案。
本文的创新点在于：
(1)提出机-电-液混合系统的车用馈能式减振器概念
虽然自上世纪90年代就已经有人提出汽车振动能量回收的概念,但到目前为止还没有真正具有实际应用价值的馈能式悬架解决方案,本文通过研究前人的研究经验,针对现有馈能式悬架形式的缺陷,提出了机-电-液混合系统的车用馈能式减振器概念,这种方案通过灵活的液压传动系统能有效提高电磁馈能系统的效率,并可在能量回收的同时实现减振器阻尼力的控制。
(2)提出液电馈能式减振器阻尼力控制理论
通过对液电馈能式减振器仿真和台架试验,证明了随动状态下通过发电机负载控制减振器阻尼力的可行性。通过对液电馈能式悬架系统的理论研究,提出了该减振器在半主动控制悬架上的控制理论。
(3)提出集成式液电馈能式减振器原理样机设计方案
根据液电馈能式减振器的工作特点,结合减振器功能性和安装性的需要,提出了集成式液电馈能式减振器原理设计方案。该方案具有可与传统减振器在整车上进行的互换的外观尺寸,和满足其本身工作原理的特征,如联动式单向阀组、可变压力蓄能器等结构。
Absorber is an important component in automobile suspension system. When the hydraulic liquid come and go through the valve body and the interval to produce damping, the absorber may take in the shock energy when the automobiles are driving on the bumpy roads to reduce the shock of the automobiles, and then dissipate it in the form of heat. The hydraulic transmission energy-regenerative shock absorber applies a mechanic-electric-hydraulic combined system, with consistent flow direction by means of the hydraulic circuit made up of the one-way valves. The hydraulic oil will drive the hydraulic motor to generate electric power, that is, to turn the mechanic power making the reciprocatory motion between the automobiles and roads into the flow of hydraulic oil into electric power, which can take the place of the traditional generator installed in the automobiles and to provide power for the air-conditioner and other electric appliances. This program has built a dynamics model of the mechanic-electric-hydraulic combined system and has practiced the simulation experiment. It analyzes the dynamic features of the mutual transmission between mechanic and hydraulic and electric energy. Based on this, the program develops the research on the model of recycling the shock energy, the mechanisms of energy transmission of the hydraulic transmission energy-regenerative shock absorber, as well as the study and making of a sample machine. It also studies on how much energy can be recycled with such a suspension system based on the new type of absorber, and the feasibilities of the active and semi-active suspensions through related calculations.
This paper is based on the program sponsored by the Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), making a feasible study on the working principles of the hydraulic transmission energy-regenerative shock absorber and a try on a sample machine. It includes:
(1) Make a summary of the research on energy-regenerative shock absorber that has been done before and analyze the working principles and the advantages and disadvantages of each type. Propose the design of hydraulic transmission energy-regenerative shock absorber;
(2) Analyze the dynamics features of the hydraulic transmission energy-regenerative shock absorber and put forward the active control of damping force as well as the control strategy of the hydraulic transmission energy-regenerative suspension system;
(3) Build a simulated model of the hydraulic transmission energy-regenerative shock absorber with the help of AMESim. Analyze the working features and performance characteristics by making the simulation test and set down the parameters of key components in the sample machine;
(4) Design and build a test bench for the sample machine. The selection of some of the key components are borrowed from the result of the simulation test;
(5) Build a test bench for generator and study on the practical working features of the generator;
(6) Make bench test of the sample machine and get detailed ideas of the working features of hydraulic transmission energy-regenerative shock absorber. Make a coMParison analysis between the test result and the simulation result, and find out the structure forms that will affect the performance of the absorber and then analyze the causes;
(7) Make a conclusion as well as an analysis on the problems appeared in the simulation test and the sample test, and propose the improvement. Main innovation points of the research are:
(1) Make use of a mechanic-electric-hydraulic combined system and innovatively bring forth a new energy-regenerative shock absorber for automobiles.
Although some people had already proposed the idea of recycling the shock energy of automobiles in 1990s, there is still no practical energy-regenerative transmission design in a real sense. By borrowing the former experiences and analyzing the shortcomings of current energy-regenerative transmissions, this program has created a new type of design---- hydraulic transmission energy-regenerative shock absorber, making it possible to put the energy-regenerative technology into practice. It is sensational and meaningful for our country to take a command of such an energy-saving and applicable technology. This technology also embodies great potential in the application of active suspensions and may fill the blank in this technological field.
(2) Put forward the control scheme of the damping force of the hydraulic transmission energy-regenerative shock absorber
The simulation and the bench test of the hydraulic transmission energy-regenerative shock absorber have proved the feasibilities of controlling the damping force of the shock absorber via generator loading under the follow-up conditions. Along with the theoretical study of the hydraulic transmission energy-regenerative suspension system, the dissertation has proposed a control scheme of the shock absorber in semi-active suspension.
(3) Design of sample machine based on the principle of the integrated hydraulic transmission energy-regenerative shock absorber
As far as the principle design of the hydraulic transmission energy-regenerative shock absorber is concerned, it gives consideration to the demand of performance and installation, containing the technical points that are found in the simulation test and that affect the performance of the shock absorber, and providing the outlook dimensions that may be fit both in the new absorber and the traditional absorber in finished automobiles. It also gives some innovative structures that may be fit for the performance of this new shock absorber, such as the coordinated check valve group, variable pressure accumulator, and so on.
本文基于国家自然科学基金面上项目资助,对液电馈能式减振器进行原理可行性验证研究和原理样机试制工作,主要工作包括：
(1)总结前人在馈能式减振器领域的研究工作,分析各种形式减振器工作原理及优缺点,提出液电馈能式减振器基本原理方案。
(2)分析液电馈能式减振器的动力学特性,提出阻尼力控制方法,并提出液电馈能式悬架系统控制策略。
(3)基于AMESim仿真软件建立液电馈能式减振器仿真模型,通过仿真试验观察其工作特点,分析其性能特性,并借助仿真试验确定原理样机中各关键零部件的参数。
(4)设计并搭建原理样机试验台架,其中一些关键零部件的选型借鉴仿真试验中的试验结果。
(5)建立发电机工况试验台架,研究发电机的实际工作特性。
(6)进行原理样机台架试验,详细了解液电馈能式减振器的实际工作特性,将台架试验结果与仿真模型试验结果进行比较分析,发现会对减振器性能造成影响的结构形式并分析其原因。
(7)总结并分析仿真试验和原理样机试验中出现的问题,并提出改进方案。
本文的创新点在于：
(1)提出机-电-液混合系统的车用馈能式减振器概念
虽然自上世纪90年代就已经有人提出汽车振动能量回收的概念,但到目前为止还没有真正具有实际应用价值的馈能式悬架解决方案,本文通过研究前人的研究经验,针对现有馈能式悬架形式的缺陷,提出了机-电-液混合系统的车用馈能式减振器概念,这种方案通过灵活的液压传动系统能有效提高电磁馈能系统的效率,并可在能量回收的同时实现减振器阻尼力的控制。
(2)提出液电馈能式减振器阻尼力控制理论
通过对液电馈能式减振器仿真和台架试验,证明了随动状态下通过发电机负载控制减振器阻尼力的可行性。通过对液电馈能式悬架系统的理论研究,提出了该减振器在半主动控制悬架上的控制理论。
(3)提出集成式液电馈能式减振器原理样机设计方案
根据液电馈能式减振器的工作特点,结合减振器功能性和安装性的需要,提出了集成式液电馈能式减振器原理设计方案。该方案具有可与传统减振器在整车上进行的互换的外观尺寸,和满足其本身工作原理的特征,如联动式单向阀组、可变压力蓄能器等结构。
Absorber is an important component in automobile suspension system. When the hydraulic liquid come and go through the valve body and the interval to produce damping, the absorber may take in the shock energy when the automobiles are driving on the bumpy roads to reduce the shock of the automobiles, and then dissipate it in the form of heat. The hydraulic transmission energy-regenerative shock absorber applies a mechanic-electric-hydraulic combined system, with consistent flow direction by means of the hydraulic circuit made up of the one-way valves. The hydraulic oil will drive the hydraulic motor to generate electric power, that is, to turn the mechanic power making the reciprocatory motion between the automobiles and roads into the flow of hydraulic oil into electric power, which can take the place of the traditional generator installed in the automobiles and to provide power for the air-conditioner and other electric appliances. This program has built a dynamics model of the mechanic-electric-hydraulic combined system and has practiced the simulation experiment. It analyzes the dynamic features of the mutual transmission between mechanic and hydraulic and electric energy. Based on this, the program develops the research on the model of recycling the shock energy, the mechanisms of energy transmission of the hydraulic transmission energy-regenerative shock absorber, as well as the study and making of a sample machine. It also studies on how much energy can be recycled with such a suspension system based on the new type of absorber, and the feasibilities of the active and semi-active suspensions through related calculations.
This paper is based on the program sponsored by the Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), making a feasible study on the working principles of the hydraulic transmission energy-regenerative shock absorber and a try on a sample machine. It includes:
(1) Make a summary of the research on energy-regenerative shock absorber that has been done before and analyze the working principles and the advantages and disadvantages of each type. Propose the design of hydraulic transmission energy-regenerative shock absorber;
(2) Analyze the dynamics features of the hydraulic transmission energy-regenerative shock absorber and put forward the active control of damping force as well as the control strategy of the hydraulic transmission energy-regenerative suspension system;
(3) Build a simulated model of the hydraulic transmission energy-regenerative shock absorber with the help of AMESim. Analyze the working features and performance characteristics by making the simulation test and set down the parameters of key components in the sample machine;
(4) Design and build a test bench for the sample machine. The selection of some of the key components are borrowed from the result of the simulation test;
(5) Build a test bench for generator and study on the practical working features of the generator;
(6) Make bench test of the sample machine and get detailed ideas of the working features of hydraulic transmission energy-regenerative shock absorber. Make a coMParison analysis between the test result and the simulation result, and find out the structure forms that will affect the performance of the absorber and then analyze the causes;
(7) Make a conclusion as well as an analysis on the problems appeared in the simulation test and the sample test, and propose the improvement. Main innovation points of the research are:
(1) Make use of a mechanic-electric-hydraulic combined system and innovatively bring forth a new energy-regenerative shock absorber for automobiles.
Although some people had already proposed the idea of recycling the shock energy of automobiles in 1990s, there is still no practical energy-regenerative transmission design in a real sense. By borrowing the former experiences and analyzing the shortcomings of current energy-regenerative transmissions, this program has created a new type of design---- hydraulic transmission energy-regenerative shock absorber, making it possible to put the energy-regenerative technology into practice. It is sensational and meaningful for our country to take a command of such an energy-saving and applicable technology. This technology also embodies great potential in the application of active suspensions and may fill the blank in this technological field.
(2) Put forward the control scheme of the damping force of the hydraulic transmission energy-regenerative shock absorber
The simulation and the bench test of the hydraulic transmission energy-regenerative shock absorber have proved the feasibilities of controlling the damping force of the shock absorber via generator loading under the follow-up conditions. Along with the theoretical study of the hydraulic transmission energy-regenerative suspension system, the dissertation has proposed a control scheme of the shock absorber in semi-active suspension.
(3) Design of sample machine based on the principle of the integrated hydraulic transmission energy-regenerative shock absorber
As far as the principle design of the hydraulic transmission energy-regenerative shock absorber is concerned, it gives consideration to the demand of performance and installation, containing the technical points that are found in the simulation test and that affect the performance of the shock absorber, and providing the outlook dimensions that may be fit both in the new absorber and the traditional absorber in finished automobiles. It also gives some innovative structures that may be fit for the performance of this new shock absorber, such as the coordinated check valve group, variable pressure accumulator, and so on.
引文
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