广州快速公交系统（BRT）设计方案研究
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摘要
随着我国城市经济的增长,私人汽车拥有量及使用率的提高,导致机动车行程车速下降,汽车尾气污染严重,城市交通的拥堵状况日益严重。大力发展公共交通事业,尤其是发展快速公交系统(BRT)是缓解城市交通拥堵的有效手段之一。这种新型的大容量快速公交系统已经引起了人们的关注。快速公交系统具有载客容量大、建设费用低、组织灵活、运营速度快、可持续性及安全节能环保等特点,在国内外许多城市已经取得了引人注目的良好效果。
本文在已有的快速公交的实践研究的基础上,对快速公交系统的设计理论进行了系统分析。首先介绍了快速公交系统在国内外的发展现状,总结了快速公交系统的系统组成、系统特点以及功能定位和在我国的使用条件。结合广州市快速公交系统的建设项目研究了快速公交系统规划设计理论、运营组织理论等。在理论研究的基础上,运用上述理论方法对广州市快速公交系统进行分析设计。在概括BRT系统的基础上,对BRT系统技术的主要参数,包括BRT专用道、BRT交通信号优先、BRT车站和BRT车辆展开研究和设计,提出了BRT专用道组织形式和线路规划思路框架;从车站布设影响因素、站距对相关因素的影响,结合站点布设优化的方法对广州市中山大道的车站布设方案进行设计;阐述了BRT路口空间优先设置方法和时间优先控制技术,并进一步分析了快速公交系统的通行能力。本论文通过对广州市快速公交系统进行仿真建模,建立的了相应的评价指标体系;建立了基于灰色聚类分析的设计方案评价方法,并对关键交叉口展开了基于仿真的交通组织方案效果评价。
本文是以广州市BRT为背景,从广州市面临的城市交通问题出发,对广州快速公交系统设计方案进行研究,其成果可以为广州下一阶段的快速公交系统建设提供理论依据和设计经验。
China’s urban economic growth, increased ownership and utilization frequency of private car has lead to the decrease of vehicle’s travel speed, serious automobile exhaust pollution and urban traffic congestion day by day. Developing public transport business vigorously, especially the development of BRT is one of the effective means to alleviate the urban traffic congestion. This new type of large capacity bus rapid transit system has attracted the attention of people. BRT system has some features like great capacity, low construction cost, flexibility, rapid operation speed, sustainability and security features such as energy conservation and environmental protection etc, and has achieved conspicuous good effect in many countries at home and abroad.
This paper carries on systematic research on the designing theory of BRT system based on the drawing lessons from past BRT practices and studies. In the first part of the paper, the author introduces the development status of BRT at home and abroad, summarizes the composition, characteristics, functions of BRT and applications in our country. The planning and designing theory and operation organization theory are studied with the BRT construction projects in Guangzhou. On the basis of the basic theory in BRT, the bus transit systems of Guangzhou are analyzed and designed. The main parameters in BRT system are studied and designed on the basis of the BRT system designing theory, including BRT special lane, BRT intersection priority, BRT station and BRT vehicle. BRT special lane organizational form and lane planning framework are put forward when studying BRT special lane. Taking Zhongshan road as the background and using optimization method in station spacing and location, this paper carries on the station designing of BRT system with the effect of station spacing. Moreover, spacing setting methods and time control technologies of BRT intersection priority are expounded completely. And also, the capacity of BRT system is studied in the paper. The evaluation index system of BRT system designing is established based on the simulation modeling of Guangzhou BRT system. This paper presents a kind of evaluation method for the whole design scheme based on grey clustering theory, and then evaluates a operation design of a key intersection by setting up a simulation model with the VISSIM simulation software.
Based on Guangzhou BRT system, this paper proposed a design scheme of Guangzhou BRT, according to the traffic problems in Guangzhou. The conclusions offer some kinds of academic foundation and design experiences for the coming constructions of BRT.
本文在已有的快速公交的实践研究的基础上,对快速公交系统的设计理论进行了系统分析。首先介绍了快速公交系统在国内外的发展现状,总结了快速公交系统的系统组成、系统特点以及功能定位和在我国的使用条件。结合广州市快速公交系统的建设项目研究了快速公交系统规划设计理论、运营组织理论等。在理论研究的基础上,运用上述理论方法对广州市快速公交系统进行分析设计。在概括BRT系统的基础上,对BRT系统技术的主要参数,包括BRT专用道、BRT交通信号优先、BRT车站和BRT车辆展开研究和设计,提出了BRT专用道组织形式和线路规划思路框架;从车站布设影响因素、站距对相关因素的影响,结合站点布设优化的方法对广州市中山大道的车站布设方案进行设计;阐述了BRT路口空间优先设置方法和时间优先控制技术,并进一步分析了快速公交系统的通行能力。本论文通过对广州市快速公交系统进行仿真建模,建立的了相应的评价指标体系;建立了基于灰色聚类分析的设计方案评价方法,并对关键交叉口展开了基于仿真的交通组织方案效果评价。
本文是以广州市BRT为背景,从广州市面临的城市交通问题出发,对广州快速公交系统设计方案进行研究,其成果可以为广州下一阶段的快速公交系统建设提供理论依据和设计经验。
China’s urban economic growth, increased ownership and utilization frequency of private car has lead to the decrease of vehicle’s travel speed, serious automobile exhaust pollution and urban traffic congestion day by day. Developing public transport business vigorously, especially the development of BRT is one of the effective means to alleviate the urban traffic congestion. This new type of large capacity bus rapid transit system has attracted the attention of people. BRT system has some features like great capacity, low construction cost, flexibility, rapid operation speed, sustainability and security features such as energy conservation and environmental protection etc, and has achieved conspicuous good effect in many countries at home and abroad.
This paper carries on systematic research on the designing theory of BRT system based on the drawing lessons from past BRT practices and studies. In the first part of the paper, the author introduces the development status of BRT at home and abroad, summarizes the composition, characteristics, functions of BRT and applications in our country. The planning and designing theory and operation organization theory are studied with the BRT construction projects in Guangzhou. On the basis of the basic theory in BRT, the bus transit systems of Guangzhou are analyzed and designed. The main parameters in BRT system are studied and designed on the basis of the BRT system designing theory, including BRT special lane, BRT intersection priority, BRT station and BRT vehicle. BRT special lane organizational form and lane planning framework are put forward when studying BRT special lane. Taking Zhongshan road as the background and using optimization method in station spacing and location, this paper carries on the station designing of BRT system with the effect of station spacing. Moreover, spacing setting methods and time control technologies of BRT intersection priority are expounded completely. And also, the capacity of BRT system is studied in the paper. The evaluation index system of BRT system designing is established based on the simulation modeling of Guangzhou BRT system. This paper presents a kind of evaluation method for the whole design scheme based on grey clustering theory, and then evaluates a operation design of a key intersection by setting up a simulation model with the VISSIM simulation software.
Based on Guangzhou BRT system, this paper proposed a design scheme of Guangzhou BRT, according to the traffic problems in Guangzhou. The conclusions offer some kinds of academic foundation and design experiences for the coming constructions of BRT.
引文
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[3]覃运梅,王玲玲.缓解城市交通拥挤的几点对策[J].交通标准化, 2005,(12)
[4]刘迁.从库里蒂巴的经验思考北京BRT系统建设[J].城市交通, 2005,(01) .
[5]广州市交通规划研究所. 2008年广州市交通发展年度报告[R].广州,2008
[6]王健.缓解城市交通问题的革命性方案——关于巴士快速交通系统的探讨[J].城市车辆, 2005,(01) .
[7]邓毛颖,蒋万芳.缓解大中城市交通问题的有效方法——以广州为例的BRT系统规划探讨[J].热带地理, 2008,(02) .
[8]陈磊.快速公交(BRT)在我国大城市的应用研究[D].西安建筑科技大学, 2006 .
[9]汪珏.成都快速公交(BRT)系统研究[D].西南交通大学, 2006 .
[10]韦娟.库里蒂巴快速公交对我国城市交通发展的借鉴意义[D].北京交通大学, 2007 .
[11] Diaz.R.B,Schneck D.C. Bus rapid transit technologies in Americas: An overview [J] .Transportation Research Record, 2000,
[12] Herbert S Levinson,Samuel Zimmerman,Jennifer Clinger, and C Scott Rutherford. Bus Rapid Transit:An overview[J] .Journal of Public Transportation, 2002, 5 (2) :1-4 .
[13] Transportation Research Board. Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual [M] .Washington DC: Transportation Research Board, 2003
[14]李林波,万燕花.关于城市公共交通系统发展的思考[J].综合运输, 2003,(05) .
[15]张洋,赵一新,付晶燕.快速公交专用车道及站台布设模式选择[J].城市交通, 2009,(03) .
[16]张守军.城市BRT系统规划理论与方法研究[D].北京交通大学,2007
[17]张天奕.快速公交系统对车辆选型的影响研究[D].上海交通大学,2007
[18]徐康明,解建华,冯浚.快速公交车站运营模式的优势与效益分析[J].城市交通, 2006,(06) .
[19]孟庆和,李大龙.快速公交的特点及应用[J].农业装备与车辆工程, 2006, 08
[20] Herbert Levinson,et al. TCRP Report90Bus Rapid Transit Volume1:Case Studies in BusRapid Transit[R] .Washington,D.C: TRB, 2003, .
[21] Herbert S.Levinson,Samuel Zimmerman,Jennifer Clinger. Bus Rapid Transit: Volume2:Implementation Guidelines .TCRP Report 90. Washington,DC: Transit Cooperative Research Program(TCRP), 2003
[22]广州市建委.广州中山大道BRT试验线工程设计方案[Z]. http://ipcom.lzj.blog.163.com/blog/static/3315333520086710332762/
[23]汪建东.黄埔大道快速公交专用道系统分析及设计研究[D].华南理工大学,2006
[24]陆建,王炜,陈学武.公交专用车道设置条件与效益分析[J].东南大学学报, 1998,(03) .
[25]马海红.快速公交专用道规划设计方法研究[J].城市交通, 2007, 04
[26]张清辉.快速公交专用道交通组织管理研究[D].福建农林大学, 2007
[27]张卫华,王炜.基于公交优先通行的交叉口预信号设置方法研究[J].公路交通科技, 2004,(06) .
[28]张卫华,陆化普.公交优先的预信号控制交叉口车辆延误分析[J].中国公路学报, 2005,(04) .
[29]裴玉龙,伍拾煤.公交停靠站对无信号交叉口通行能力影响分析[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2004,(11) .
[30]王海霞,宋瑞.基于预信号控制的十字路口快速公交优先通行研究[J].城市公共交通, 2007,(02) .
[31]李民生,卢忠亮.公交优先信号控制技术综述[J].科技广场, 2008,(03) .
[32]李瑞敏,陆化普.公交优先的交通信号多层模糊控制模型[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2006,(09) .
[33]关伟,申金升,葛芳.公交优先的信号控制策略研究[J].系统工程学报, 2001,(03) .
[34]谭晓雨.平面交叉口公交优先信号设置方法研究[D].吉林大学, 2009 .
[35]李赫楠.单个交叉口公交优先信号控制方法研究[D].吉林大学, 2008 .
[36]张永涛.信号交叉口公交优先通行技术研究[D].长安大学, 2008 .
[37]戴英姿.快速公交(BRT)系统的交叉口优化控制与设计[D].西南交通大学, 2005 .
[38] Jian-ping WU,Nick Hounsel. Analysis of Traffic at Pre-Signalized Intersections (PartⅠ) [J] .Journal of transportation Engineering and Information, 2003, 1 (1) :37-40 .
[39] Jiun-ping WU,Nick Hounsel. Analysis of Traffic at Pre-Signalised Intersections(PartⅡ)[J] .Journal of transportation Engineering and Information, 2003, 1 (2) :12-16 .
[40] Jianping Wu, N Hounsell. Bus Priority Using Pre signals .Transportation Research Part A, 1998, 32(8) :563-583 .
[41] Perez-Cartagena,Andrew Tarko P. Calibration of Capacity Parameters for Signalized Intersections in Indiana[J] .Journal of Transportation Engineering,2005, 131 (12) :904-911 .
[42]谭满春,徐建闽,毛宗源.城市公共汽车停靠点选址模型[J].公路交通科技, 1999,(02) .
[43]潘鲁萍.用动态规划方法求解最优设站问题[J].交通与计算机, 2002,(03) .
[44]高成.城市公共汽车站点规划研究[J].城市公共交通, 2003,(03) .
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