基于LDPC码不等错误保护的立体视频通信研究
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摘要
随着人们对数字视频的要求日益提高，传统的二维平面视频已无法满足人们对场景真实和自然再现的需求，能够提供深度信息、再现真实场景的立体视频成为当前的研究热点。基于立体视频通信技术的立体电视、视频会议、远程控制、远程医疗等具体应用受到了广泛关注。针对近年来立体视频采集和显示技术不断进步，立体视频压缩编码、传输技术成为制约立体视频通信发展关键因素的现状，本文对立体视频通信系统中若干关键技术进行了研究。
本文在信源处理方面，提出了基于加权联合帧间预测模式的立体视频编码方法；在信道编译码方面，构造了一种高性能低编码复杂度的非规则低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)码进行信道编码、提出了一种改进的BP译码算法；综合考虑了立体视频码流和非规则LDPC码的特点，将立体视频码流进行了分割，对分割后的码流采用了基于LDPC不等错误保护(UEP)策略的联合信源信道编码(JSCC)技术进行传输。
首先，对立体视频编码进行了研究。针对立体视频具有很强的空间和时间相关性、各通道之间具有交叉相关性的特点，提出了基于H.264的立体视频编码方案。利用H.264的帧内方向预测和帧间多模式预测解除立体视频的空间相关性、时间相关性和交叉相关性。在视差预测中采用可变块尺寸视差预测编码模式，并将其集成到H.264的多模式预测编码中，提高了压缩效率。为了进一步提高编码性能、减少预测误差，本文在基于H.264立体视频编码方案的基础上，提出了加权联合预测的帧间预测模式，通过在视差预测、运动预测之间合理的分配权重系数来优化预测效果。
其次，分析了各种信道纠错编码的优缺点，针对立体视频通信强纠错能力、大吞吐量的要求，采用了非规则LDPC码进行信道编码，并构造了一种高性能、低差错平底且具有线性编码复杂度的非规则LDPC码：设计了基于改进eIRA(IeIRA)形式的全局矩阵M，通过对M进行矩阵置换，并选择合适的循环系数生成LDPC码校验矩阵H。
然后，对LDPC码的译码算法进行了研究，针对BP译码算法在每次迭代过程中都要更新所有的节点，存在译码效率低下的问题，提出了改进的BP译码算法：采用每个比特节点的伪后验概率差S(l)和每个比特的非法校验数U(l)来表征节点的可靠度，在下次迭代中，只更新可靠度低的节点。
最后，提出了基于非规则LDPC码不等错误保护的立体视频通信策略，根据对重建视频图像的重要性不同，将立体视频码流进行分割，对不同重要级别的码流采用不同纠错能力的码字进行不等错误保护。根据非规则LDPC码高度数的比特节点比低度数比特节点具有更强纠错能力的特点，提出了采用同一个非规则LDPC码不同度数的比特节点和构造两种码率不同的非规则LDPC码两种不等错误保护实现形式。
实验结果和仿真数据证明：本文提出的基于H.264的加权联合帧间预测编码方法提高了立体视频的编码性能。本文构造的非规则LDPC码降低了差错平底、改善了误比特性能、提高了信道编码的纠错能力。本文改进的BP算法，在性能损失较少的情况下(误码率为10~(-4)时，信噪比损失约0.26dB)，降低了运算量(在第10次迭代时，运算量降低约60％)，提高了译码效率。当信源码率不变时，本文的UEP方案与EEP方案相比，降低了重要数据的误码率，提高了接收端重建图像的PSNR值，改善了主观视觉效果。
Stereo video, which can provide viewers with the benefits of added realism and improvedscene understanding, will be widely used in the fields of 3D TV, immersive video conference,telecommunication, remote control etc. Stereo video communication is one of the main tasks in astereo video application system. However, the large amount of stereo video data and the error pronecharacteristic of limit bandwidth channel are two major obstacles for a stereo video communicationsystem. This thesis concerns on the problems of stereo video communication in the limit bandwidthadditive white gaussian noise (AWGN) channels. In order to increase the communicationperformance, heighten the reconstruction effect of stereo video at the receiver, some keytechnology was used.
For source encoding, a weighted joint inter prediction mode based on H.264 was proposed.For channel encoding, a class of structured irregular low-density parity-check (LDPC) code withhigh performance and low complexity was put forward, and an improved BP decoding algorithmwas given. Based on the characteristic of stereo video stream, unequal error protection (UEP) basedon joint source-channel coding (JSCC) was used according to the importance to reconstruction.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm improves the stereo video coding performance,enhances the error correction ability of channel coding, and decreases the complexity of BPdecoding, increases the PSNR and subjective effect of the reconstructed image.
Firstly, an H.264 based stereo video coding scheme was put forward. It uses the advancedpredictive method of H.264 to eliminate the spatial, temporal and inter-view co-relation in stereovideo. Variable size block is employed in disparity prediction and was integrated withmulti-prediction mode of H.264 protocol. To improve coding performance, according to thecharacteristic of motion prediction and disparity prediction, a weighted joint prediction mode wasproposed. It not only compares the motion prediction and disparity prediction, but also comparesthe motion prediction, disparity prediction and the weighted joint prediction. Then, the predictionmode which leads the least prediction distortion is chosen as inter prediction mode. Experimentalresults show that the proposed coding scheme improves the stereo video coding performance.
Secondly, to deal with the error prone characteristic of coded video stream in unreliablechannels, a class of structured irregular LDPC codes with high performance and low complexitywas proposed in this paper, First, a global matrix M with a triangular plus dual-diagonal form basedon improved extended irregular repeat-accumulate (IeIRA) method was designed. Then each '1' in the global matrix M was replaced by a identity permutation matrix and each '0' was replaced by anull matrix to generate the parity check matrix H. Test results show that the proposed method canachieve very good performance, extremely low error floor with linear encoding complexity byselecting proper cyclic shift coefficient of each identity permutation matrix.
Then, in order to solve the high complexity, low decoding efficiency problem of beliefpropagation (BP) decoding algorithm, a low complexity BP decoding scheme was put forward. Inthe proposed decoding scheme, a differentiate rule based on lawless check number and pseudoposterior probability was used to evaluate every bit's reliability before each step of iteration. Thebits with high reliability need not to be updated in the next iteration. Simulation results show thatthe proposed BP decoding algorithm can reduce the computational load, increase the decodingefficiency with only a little performance decrease.
At last, in order to improve error resilient ability and transmission efficiency for stereo videocommunication over limit bandwidth error prone channels, a JSCC scheme based on UEP was putforward. According to the characteristic of coded stereo video, the stereo video stream was dividedinto two parts with different level of significance. Then, different level protection was used todifferent significant video stream. High degree bit nodes within an irregular LDPC code have morepowerful error-correcting ability than that of low degree ones and can provide UEP. So in this paper,two kinds of UEP scheme were put forward, one used the different correction ability of differentdegree bit nodes in one LDPC code, the other used irregular LDPC code with different rates.Simulation results show that the proposed JSCC scheme improves the reconstructed image PSNRand subjective visual quality.
本文在信源处理方面，提出了基于加权联合帧间预测模式的立体视频编码方法；在信道编译码方面，构造了一种高性能低编码复杂度的非规则低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)码进行信道编码、提出了一种改进的BP译码算法；综合考虑了立体视频码流和非规则LDPC码的特点，将立体视频码流进行了分割，对分割后的码流采用了基于LDPC不等错误保护(UEP)策略的联合信源信道编码(JSCC)技术进行传输。
首先，对立体视频编码进行了研究。针对立体视频具有很强的空间和时间相关性、各通道之间具有交叉相关性的特点，提出了基于H.264的立体视频编码方案。利用H.264的帧内方向预测和帧间多模式预测解除立体视频的空间相关性、时间相关性和交叉相关性。在视差预测中采用可变块尺寸视差预测编码模式，并将其集成到H.264的多模式预测编码中，提高了压缩效率。为了进一步提高编码性能、减少预测误差，本文在基于H.264立体视频编码方案的基础上，提出了加权联合预测的帧间预测模式，通过在视差预测、运动预测之间合理的分配权重系数来优化预测效果。
其次，分析了各种信道纠错编码的优缺点，针对立体视频通信强纠错能力、大吞吐量的要求，采用了非规则LDPC码进行信道编码，并构造了一种高性能、低差错平底且具有线性编码复杂度的非规则LDPC码：设计了基于改进eIRA(IeIRA)形式的全局矩阵M，通过对M进行矩阵置换，并选择合适的循环系数生成LDPC码校验矩阵H。
然后，对LDPC码的译码算法进行了研究，针对BP译码算法在每次迭代过程中都要更新所有的节点，存在译码效率低下的问题，提出了改进的BP译码算法：采用每个比特节点的伪后验概率差S(l)和每个比特的非法校验数U(l)来表征节点的可靠度，在下次迭代中，只更新可靠度低的节点。
最后，提出了基于非规则LDPC码不等错误保护的立体视频通信策略，根据对重建视频图像的重要性不同，将立体视频码流进行分割，对不同重要级别的码流采用不同纠错能力的码字进行不等错误保护。根据非规则LDPC码高度数的比特节点比低度数比特节点具有更强纠错能力的特点，提出了采用同一个非规则LDPC码不同度数的比特节点和构造两种码率不同的非规则LDPC码两种不等错误保护实现形式。
实验结果和仿真数据证明：本文提出的基于H.264的加权联合帧间预测编码方法提高了立体视频的编码性能。本文构造的非规则LDPC码降低了差错平底、改善了误比特性能、提高了信道编码的纠错能力。本文改进的BP算法，在性能损失较少的情况下(误码率为10~(-4)时，信噪比损失约0.26dB)，降低了运算量(在第10次迭代时，运算量降低约60％)，提高了译码效率。当信源码率不变时，本文的UEP方案与EEP方案相比，降低了重要数据的误码率，提高了接收端重建图像的PSNR值，改善了主观视觉效果。
Stereo video, which can provide viewers with the benefits of added realism and improvedscene understanding, will be widely used in the fields of 3D TV, immersive video conference,telecommunication, remote control etc. Stereo video communication is one of the main tasks in astereo video application system. However, the large amount of stereo video data and the error pronecharacteristic of limit bandwidth channel are two major obstacles for a stereo video communicationsystem. This thesis concerns on the problems of stereo video communication in the limit bandwidthadditive white gaussian noise (AWGN) channels. In order to increase the communicationperformance, heighten the reconstruction effect of stereo video at the receiver, some keytechnology was used.
For source encoding, a weighted joint inter prediction mode based on H.264 was proposed.For channel encoding, a class of structured irregular low-density parity-check (LDPC) code withhigh performance and low complexity was put forward, and an improved BP decoding algorithmwas given. Based on the characteristic of stereo video stream, unequal error protection (UEP) basedon joint source-channel coding (JSCC) was used according to the importance to reconstruction.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm improves the stereo video coding performance,enhances the error correction ability of channel coding, and decreases the complexity of BPdecoding, increases the PSNR and subjective effect of the reconstructed image.
Firstly, an H.264 based stereo video coding scheme was put forward. It uses the advancedpredictive method of H.264 to eliminate the spatial, temporal and inter-view co-relation in stereovideo. Variable size block is employed in disparity prediction and was integrated withmulti-prediction mode of H.264 protocol. To improve coding performance, according to thecharacteristic of motion prediction and disparity prediction, a weighted joint prediction mode wasproposed. It not only compares the motion prediction and disparity prediction, but also comparesthe motion prediction, disparity prediction and the weighted joint prediction. Then, the predictionmode which leads the least prediction distortion is chosen as inter prediction mode. Experimentalresults show that the proposed coding scheme improves the stereo video coding performance.
Secondly, to deal with the error prone characteristic of coded video stream in unreliablechannels, a class of structured irregular LDPC codes with high performance and low complexitywas proposed in this paper, First, a global matrix M with a triangular plus dual-diagonal form basedon improved extended irregular repeat-accumulate (IeIRA) method was designed. Then each '1' in the global matrix M was replaced by a identity permutation matrix and each '0' was replaced by anull matrix to generate the parity check matrix H. Test results show that the proposed method canachieve very good performance, extremely low error floor with linear encoding complexity byselecting proper cyclic shift coefficient of each identity permutation matrix.
Then, in order to solve the high complexity, low decoding efficiency problem of beliefpropagation (BP) decoding algorithm, a low complexity BP decoding scheme was put forward. Inthe proposed decoding scheme, a differentiate rule based on lawless check number and pseudoposterior probability was used to evaluate every bit's reliability before each step of iteration. Thebits with high reliability need not to be updated in the next iteration. Simulation results show thatthe proposed BP decoding algorithm can reduce the computational load, increase the decodingefficiency with only a little performance decrease.
At last, in order to improve error resilient ability and transmission efficiency for stereo videocommunication over limit bandwidth error prone channels, a JSCC scheme based on UEP was putforward. According to the characteristic of coded stereo video, the stereo video stream was dividedinto two parts with different level of significance. Then, different level protection was used todifferent significant video stream. High degree bit nodes within an irregular LDPC code have morepowerful error-correcting ability than that of low degree ones and can provide UEP. So in this paper,two kinds of UEP scheme were put forward, one used the different correction ability of differentdegree bit nodes in one LDPC code, the other used irregular LDPC code with different rates.Simulation results show that the proposed JSCC scheme improves the reconstructed image PSNRand subjective visual quality.
引文
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