以电缆调制解调器接收DVB数据的研究
摘要
电话、电视、计算机网络三网合一是现代有线通信技术的发展趋势。HFC宽带接入网设备主要包括头端（Cable Modem Termination System，简称CMTS）和用户终端——电缆调制解调器（Cable Modem，简称CM）。本文作者参与了重庆市的重点科研项目—Cable Modem及其前端系统CMTS的研制工作，主要从事的是CM的研究，可以说对CM相当熟悉。作者在CM研究过程中积累了相当的经验，熟悉HFC网络和DOCSIS协议的射频接口规范。这些经验都为本文的研究内容的开展提供了良好的开端。
目前，数字电视已在全世界推广开来，数字电视的协议主要分为美国ATSC和欧洲的DVB标准。目前中国数字有线电视的行业标准采用的是DVB－C协议。目前主要研究集中在以机顶盒接收数字电视信号并在普通电视上播放。而利用电缆调制解调器转发DVB－C数据，并在PC机上接收显示数字电视的方案，可以为PC用户提供廉价的综合业务接收方案。
本文通过对DVB协议和DOCSIS1.1协议的深刻了解，比较了DVB－C的物理层协议与欧洲DOCSIS物理层的相关性，论证了可以通过电缆调制解调器接收并转发DVB－C数据的可行性。并且结合BroadCom3345芯片提出了电缆调制解调器接收DVB－C数据应遵循的条件，以及可用于接收DVB－C数据的电缆调制解调器芯片。
在此基础上，设计了一个可使电缆调制解调器接收转发DVB数据的方案。并实现了在PC机上的解码实验。利用Socket将MPEG－2传输流文件经切割后转发到以Windows系统为平台的PC机上，在PC机上则通过DirectShow编程对此数据进行解码。这对以后在电缆调制解调器上进行数字电视转发的实现是有其积极意义的。
Telephone, television and computer network merging in one is an inevitable trend as communication technology developing. The equipments of HFC mainly include CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System) and CM (Cable Modem). The author is one of the members of the research project of Chongqing city, CM and CMTS, and is familiar with CM . The ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) is placed in core. It implements modulation/demodulation and DOCSIS (Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specification) protocol. The author accumulates abundant experience for the HFC network and the RFI (Radio Frequency Interface) specification. All above supply a good beginning for this thesis.
Now the Digital TV has developed rapidly in the world, and its protocols mainly include the ATSC of America and the DVB of Europe. Chinese Digital CATV standards deploy the DVB-C protocol. Currently the main research is concentrate to make the Analog TV receive the Digital TV signal through the set-top box (STB). But how make the PC receive the Digital TV signal through the CM is still valuable for providing a cheap access to integrated services for personal users.
This thesis describes the relationship between the physical level of DVB-C and that of DOCSIS, and demonstrates the feasibility of using CM to transmit the Digital TV signal to PC. This thesis also provides the conditions for the CM that can be used to transmit DVB-C signal.
At last, author provides a design for cable modem receiving and transferring the DVB data, and implements a decoding experiment in PC. In the experiment, a MPEG-2 TS(transport stream) file is segmented and transmitted to the PC with another IP address using windows system. All this is useful for implementing the DVB receiving on PC through cable modem.
目前，数字电视已在全世界推广开来，数字电视的协议主要分为美国ATSC和欧洲的DVB标准。目前中国数字有线电视的行业标准采用的是DVB－C协议。目前主要研究集中在以机顶盒接收数字电视信号并在普通电视上播放。而利用电缆调制解调器转发DVB－C数据，并在PC机上接收显示数字电视的方案，可以为PC用户提供廉价的综合业务接收方案。
本文通过对DVB协议和DOCSIS1.1协议的深刻了解，比较了DVB－C的物理层协议与欧洲DOCSIS物理层的相关性，论证了可以通过电缆调制解调器接收并转发DVB－C数据的可行性。并且结合BroadCom3345芯片提出了电缆调制解调器接收DVB－C数据应遵循的条件，以及可用于接收DVB－C数据的电缆调制解调器芯片。
在此基础上，设计了一个可使电缆调制解调器接收转发DVB数据的方案。并实现了在PC机上的解码实验。利用Socket将MPEG－2传输流文件经切割后转发到以Windows系统为平台的PC机上，在PC机上则通过DirectShow编程对此数据进行解码。这对以后在电缆调制解调器上进行数字电视转发的实现是有其积极意义的。
Telephone, television and computer network merging in one is an inevitable trend as communication technology developing. The equipments of HFC mainly include CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System) and CM (Cable Modem). The author is one of the members of the research project of Chongqing city, CM and CMTS, and is familiar with CM . The ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) is placed in core. It implements modulation/demodulation and DOCSIS (Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specification) protocol. The author accumulates abundant experience for the HFC network and the RFI (Radio Frequency Interface) specification. All above supply a good beginning for this thesis.
Now the Digital TV has developed rapidly in the world, and its protocols mainly include the ATSC of America and the DVB of Europe. Chinese Digital CATV standards deploy the DVB-C protocol. Currently the main research is concentrate to make the Analog TV receive the Digital TV signal through the set-top box (STB). But how make the PC receive the Digital TV signal through the CM is still valuable for providing a cheap access to integrated services for personal users.
This thesis describes the relationship between the physical level of DVB-C and that of DOCSIS, and demonstrates the feasibility of using CM to transmit the Digital TV signal to PC. This thesis also provides the conditions for the CM that can be used to transmit DVB-C signal.
At last, author provides a design for cable modem receiving and transferring the DVB data, and implements a decoding experiment in PC. In the experiment, a MPEG-2 TS(transport stream) file is segmented and transmitted to the PC with another IP address using windows system. All this is useful for implementing the DVB receiving on PC through cable modem.
引文
[1] Jerry Whitetaker著.曹晨,杨作梅等译.数字电视技术：高清晰度数字视频原理与应用.北京：电子工业出版社，2002年1月
[2] 邹林华. 数字电视标准概况.中国标准化, 2001年,第9期
[3] 张琦.数字电视中心技术.北京：北京广播学院出版社,2001年3月
[4] 余智. 数字电视机顶盒及其开发平台.电视技术，1999年，第9期
[5] 俞毅刚，刘强山.数字电视中交互业务的分类及实现.电视技术，1999年，第9期
[6] ETSI.EN 300 429. V1.2.1.digital video broadcasting(DVB);framing structure,channel coding and modulation for cable systems.1998
[7] ISO/IEC. ISO/IEC 13818-1.GENERIC CODING OF MOVING PICTURES AND ASSOCIATED AUDIO: SYSTEMS .13 Nov 1994
[8] ETSI.TR 101 211 v1.4.1. Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Guidelines on implementation and usage of Service Information (SI) . 2000-07
[9] ETSI .ETR289 .Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB);Support for use of scrambling andConditional Access (CA)within digital broadcasting systems.october 1996
[10]ISO/IEC.ISO/IEC 13818-2.GENERIC CODING OF MOVING PICTURES AND ASSOCIATED AUDIO: VIDEO 9 November 1994
[11] O.W.Bungum. Transmultiplexing, transcontrol and transscrambling of MPEG-2/DVB signal Broadcasting Convention, International (Conf. Publ. No. 428) , 12-16 Sep 1996 Page(s): 288 -293
[12]ETSI. TS 101 812.V1.1.1. Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB);Multimedia Home Platform (MHP) Specification 1.0 . 2000-07
[13] J.Piesing. The DVB multimedia home platform - "MHP" Interactive Television (Ref. No. 1999/200), IEE Colloquium on , 1999 Page(s): 2/1 -2/6
[14]ETSI. ES 200 800 V1.3.1 . Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); DVB interaction channel for Cable TV distribution systems (CATV) . 2001-10 .
[15]ETSI. ETS 300 802. Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB);Network-independent protocols for DVB interactive services.November 1997.
[16]ETSI. TS 101 699.V1.1.1. Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB);Extensions to the Common interface Specification.1999-11
[17]CableLabs. SP-RFIv1.1-I01-990311. Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specifications-Radio Frequency Interface Specification. March 1999.
[18]CableLabs. SP-CMCI-I06-010829.Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specifications -Cable Modem to Customer premise Equipment Interface Specification . August 29, 2001
[19]黄存建.有线电视、交互电视与多媒体宽带接入.北京：人民邮电出社，1999.8
[20]David Fellows,Doug Jones. DOCSIS cable modem technology. IEEE communications Magazine Vol.39 n3. March 2001. P202-209
[21] M.N.O.Sadiku, C.Aduba.Cable modem technology. IEEE Potentials , Vol.19 Issue: 4 , Oct/Nov 2000. Page(s): 26 -27
[22] T.J.Quigley. Cablemodem standards for advanced quality of service deployments Consumer Electronics. ICCE. International Conference, 1999
[23]Broadcom Corporation.Preliminary Data Sheet:BCM3345. August 2001.
[24] F.Lohan, I.Defee, M.Vlad, A.Pop, P.Sastry. Integrated system for multimedia delivery over broadband IP networks. Consumer Electronics, IEEE Transactions on , Vol. 48 Issue: 3 , Aug 2002 Page(s): 564 -574
[25]Audio-Video Transport Working Group, H. Schulzrinne ,GMD Fokus , S. Casner, Precept Software, Inc , R. Frederick ,Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, V. Jacobson ,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. RFC1889.RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications.1996-1
[26] Audio-Video Transport Working Group, H. Schulzrinne, GMD Fokus. RFC1890. RTP Profile for Audio and Video Conferences with Minimal Control. January 1996.
[27] D. Hoffman,G. Fernando Sun Microsystems, Inc. V. Goyal Precept Software, Inc. M. Civanlar AT&T Labs.RFC2250.RTP Payload Format for MPEG1/MPEG2 Video. January 1998.
[28] 谢希仁.计算机网络.第2版.北京：电子工业出版社，1999年4月
[29] DOUGLAS E.COMER蓍.林瑶等译.用TCP/IP进行网际互连 第1卷：原理、协议和体系结构.北京：电子工业出版社，2000年7月
[30] DOUGLAS E.COMER，David L. Stevens蓍.张娟等译. 用TCP/IP进行网际互连第2卷：设计、实现与内核.第3版.北京：电子工业出版社，2001年4月
[31] Anthony Jones,Jim Ohlund蓍.京京工作室译.Windows网络编程技术.北京：机械工业出版社，2000.3
[32] 周明天,汪文勇.TCP/IP网络原理与技术.北京：清华大学出版社,1993年
[33] 朱三元.网络通信软件设计指南.北京：清华大学出版社，1994年
[34] DON BOX著.潘爱民译.COM本质论.北京：中国电力出版社，2001.3
[35] 潘爱民.COM原理与应用.北京：清华大学出版社，1999.11
[36] Microsoft Corp. Directx8.0 SDK Document:DirectShow,1995
[37] 陈睿,陈淑珍.基于COM技术的多媒体监控系统的设计与实现. 武汉大学学报（理学版）,2001,Vol.47,No.03
[2] 邹林华. 数字电视标准概况.中国标准化, 2001年,第9期
[3] 张琦.数字电视中心技术.北京：北京广播学院出版社,2001年3月
[4] 余智. 数字电视机顶盒及其开发平台.电视技术，1999年，第9期
[5] 俞毅刚，刘强山.数字电视中交互业务的分类及实现.电视技术，1999年，第9期
[6] ETSI.EN 300 429. V1.2.1.digital video broadcasting(DVB);framing structure,channel coding and modulation for cable systems.1998
[7] ISO/IEC. ISO/IEC 13818-1.GENERIC CODING OF MOVING PICTURES AND ASSOCIATED AUDIO: SYSTEMS .13 Nov 1994
[8] ETSI.TR 101 211 v1.4.1. Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Guidelines on implementation and usage of Service Information (SI) . 2000-07
[9] ETSI .ETR289 .Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB);Support for use of scrambling andConditional Access (CA)within digital broadcasting systems.october 1996
[10]ISO/IEC.ISO/IEC 13818-2.GENERIC CODING OF MOVING PICTURES AND ASSOCIATED AUDIO: VIDEO 9 November 1994
[11] O.W.Bungum. Transmultiplexing, transcontrol and transscrambling of MPEG-2/DVB signal Broadcasting Convention, International (Conf. Publ. No. 428) , 12-16 Sep 1996 Page(s): 288 -293
[12]ETSI. TS 101 812.V1.1.1. Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB);Multimedia Home Platform (MHP) Specification 1.0 . 2000-07
[13] J.Piesing. The DVB multimedia home platform - "MHP" Interactive Television (Ref. No. 1999/200), IEE Colloquium on , 1999 Page(s): 2/1 -2/6
[14]ETSI. ES 200 800 V1.3.1 . Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); DVB interaction channel for Cable TV distribution systems (CATV) . 2001-10 .
[15]ETSI. ETS 300 802. Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB);Network-independent protocols for DVB interactive services.November 1997.
[16]ETSI. TS 101 699.V1.1.1. Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB);Extensions to the Common interface Specification.1999-11
[17]CableLabs. SP-RFIv1.1-I01-990311. Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specifications-Radio Frequency Interface Specification. March 1999.
[18]CableLabs. SP-CMCI-I06-010829.Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specifications -Cable Modem to Customer premise Equipment Interface Specification . August 29, 2001
[19]黄存建.有线电视、交互电视与多媒体宽带接入.北京：人民邮电出社，1999.8
[20]David Fellows,Doug Jones. DOCSIS cable modem technology. IEEE communications Magazine Vol.39 n3. March 2001. P202-209
[21] M.N.O.Sadiku, C.Aduba.Cable modem technology. IEEE Potentials , Vol.19 Issue: 4 , Oct/Nov 2000. Page(s): 26 -27
[22] T.J.Quigley. Cablemodem standards for advanced quality of service deployments Consumer Electronics. ICCE. International Conference, 1999
[23]Broadcom Corporation.Preliminary Data Sheet:BCM3345. August 2001.
[24] F.Lohan, I.Defee, M.Vlad, A.Pop, P.Sastry. Integrated system for multimedia delivery over broadband IP networks. Consumer Electronics, IEEE Transactions on , Vol. 48 Issue: 3 , Aug 2002 Page(s): 564 -574
[25]Audio-Video Transport Working Group, H. Schulzrinne ,GMD Fokus , S. Casner, Precept Software, Inc , R. Frederick ,Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, V. Jacobson ,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. RFC1889.RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications.1996-1
[26] Audio-Video Transport Working Group, H. Schulzrinne, GMD Fokus. RFC1890. RTP Profile for Audio and Video Conferences with Minimal Control. January 1996.
[27] D. Hoffman,G. Fernando Sun Microsystems, Inc. V. Goyal Precept Software, Inc. M. Civanlar AT&T Labs.RFC2250.RTP Payload Format for MPEG1/MPEG2 Video. January 1998.
[28] 谢希仁.计算机网络.第2版.北京：电子工业出版社，1999年4月
[29] DOUGLAS E.COMER蓍.林瑶等译.用TCP/IP进行网际互连 第1卷：原理、协议和体系结构.北京：电子工业出版社，2000年7月
[30] DOUGLAS E.COMER，David L. Stevens蓍.张娟等译. 用TCP/IP进行网际互连第2卷：设计、实现与内核.第3版.北京：电子工业出版社，2001年4月
[31] Anthony Jones,Jim Ohlund蓍.京京工作室译.Windows网络编程技术.北京：机械工业出版社，2000.3
[32] 周明天,汪文勇.TCP/IP网络原理与技术.北京：清华大学出版社,1993年
[33] 朱三元.网络通信软件设计指南.北京：清华大学出版社，1994年
[34] DON BOX著.潘爱民译.COM本质论.北京：中国电力出版社，2001.3
[35] 潘爱民.COM原理与应用.北京：清华大学出版社，1999.11
[36] Microsoft Corp. Directx8.0 SDK Document:DirectShow,1995
[37] 陈睿,陈淑珍.基于COM技术的多媒体监控系统的设计与实现. 武汉大学学报（理学版）,2001,Vol.47,No.03