基于SVD变换的数字水印算法研究
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摘要
随着数字技术的发展,信息隐藏技术日益受到重视。数字水印作为版权保护的重要手段,已得到广泛的研究和应用。数字水印将特定的信息或版权信息、秘密消息等嵌入到图像、语音、视频等各种数字媒体中,以达到版权保护等目的。
论文介绍了数字水印技术的发展,研究现状及其应用,探讨了数字水印几种典型变换,提出一种新的基于SVD的图像数字水印算法。目前许多算法采用需要原始载体图像参与的非盲检测技术,这在实际版权保护的应用中受到了限制。本文的水印提取采用相关检测,不需要原始载体图像的参与,实现了水印的盲检测。该算法首先将图像进行分块,然后通过图像子块的SVD变换获得奇异值,通过水印信息每一点的不同取值,将两个不同的随机序列嵌入SVD变换后的图像子块奇异值中。与以往数字水印算法相比,该算法没有直接将水印信息嵌入到载体图像中,增加了水印安全性。
利用Matlab软件对算法进行仿真实验,实验结果表明,该算法能保证数字水印图像的不可见性和数字图像的透明性,对常见的水印攻击具有良好的鲁棒性。
The development of multimedia and network brings forward a serious challenge to copyright protection of digital media. Digital watermarking embeds hidden messages within digital media such as text,image,video and audio to protect copyright.The hidden messages may be copyright information or secret messages.
This dissertation introduces the development of digital watermarking technology to study the status of its application, to explore the digital watermark typical transformation, a new SVD-based digital image watermarking algorithm. At present, many algorithms need the original carrier image with the participation of non-blind detection technology, which in practical application of copyright protection has been limited. This watermark extracted using correlation detection, without the participation of the original carrier image to achieve the blind watermark detection.This algorithm splits the original image to blockes and do SVD transform,According to two different values of watermark image,two random sequence is embeded into singular values of every block. Compared with the conventional digital watermarking schemes, the scheme increases watermark security
The theme gives the experiment of the algorithm on Matlab,and it shows that the algorithm can guarantee the unperceivability and transparency of the digital image. Experimental results demonstrate that the watermark robust against common signal processing.
论文介绍了数字水印技术的发展,研究现状及其应用,探讨了数字水印几种典型变换,提出一种新的基于SVD的图像数字水印算法。目前许多算法采用需要原始载体图像参与的非盲检测技术,这在实际版权保护的应用中受到了限制。本文的水印提取采用相关检测,不需要原始载体图像的参与,实现了水印的盲检测。该算法首先将图像进行分块,然后通过图像子块的SVD变换获得奇异值,通过水印信息每一点的不同取值,将两个不同的随机序列嵌入SVD变换后的图像子块奇异值中。与以往数字水印算法相比,该算法没有直接将水印信息嵌入到载体图像中,增加了水印安全性。
利用Matlab软件对算法进行仿真实验,实验结果表明,该算法能保证数字水印图像的不可见性和数字图像的透明性,对常见的水印攻击具有良好的鲁棒性。
The development of multimedia and network brings forward a serious challenge to copyright protection of digital media. Digital watermarking embeds hidden messages within digital media such as text,image,video and audio to protect copyright.The hidden messages may be copyright information or secret messages.
This dissertation introduces the development of digital watermarking technology to study the status of its application, to explore the digital watermark typical transformation, a new SVD-based digital image watermarking algorithm. At present, many algorithms need the original carrier image with the participation of non-blind detection technology, which in practical application of copyright protection has been limited. This watermark extracted using correlation detection, without the participation of the original carrier image to achieve the blind watermark detection.This algorithm splits the original image to blockes and do SVD transform,According to two different values of watermark image,two random sequence is embeded into singular values of every block. Compared with the conventional digital watermarking schemes, the scheme increases watermark security
The theme gives the experiment of the algorithm on Matlab,and it shows that the algorithm can guarantee the unperceivability and transparency of the digital image. Experimental results demonstrate that the watermark robust against common signal processing.
引文
[1]裴树军,王宇,石福斌.一种鲁棒水印和易损性水印符合算法[J].哈尔滨理工大学学报,2008,13(2):57-59.
[2] A Z Tirkel,G A Rankin,RMVanSchyndel,W J Ho,N R A Mee,C F Osborne. Electronic Watermark.Digital Image Computing,Technology and Application DICTA 93.Sidney:Maquarie University,1993:666-673
[3] Lj.Cox,J.Kilian,etc.Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia[J]. Technical Report,95-100,NEC Research Institute,Princeton,NJ,1995
[4]杨长生.图象与声音压缩技术[M].浙江大学出版社. 2000,4,p. 264-301.
[5] Jana Dittmann,Mark Stabenau,and Ralf Steinmetz.“Robust MPEG Video Technologies.”Proc. Of the 6th ACM International Conference on[J]. Multimedia,1998,71-80.
[6] Xia Xiang-Gen,Charles G. Boncelet,and Gonzalo R.Arce.“A Multiresolution Watermark for Digital Images[J].”Proc. Of IEEE, 1997,548-551.
[7] Zeng Wndjun and Liu Bede.“On Resolving Rightful Ownerships for Digital Images by Invisible Watermarks.”Proc. Of IEEE,1997, 552-555.
[8] Christine I[J]. Podichuk ,etc.“Image Adaptive Watermarking Using Visual Models.”IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. 1998 ,16(4): 525-539.
[9] Wengwu Zhu,Zixiang Xiong, and Ya-Qin Zhang.“Multiresolution Watermarking for Images and Video: A Unified Approach[J].”Proc. Of International Conference on Image Processing,1998,p.465-468.
[10] Ioannis Pitas.“A Method for Watermark Casting on Digital Image[J].”IEEE Trans. On Circuit and Systems for Video Technology[J]. 1998, 8(6):775-780.
[11] I. Pitas.“A Method for Signature Casting on Digital Image.”Proc. Of International Conference on Image processing, 1996, p. 215-218.
[12] G. Voyatzis and I. Pitas. Chaotic Watermarks for Embedding in the Spatial Digital Image Domain[J]. Proc. Of the IEEE,1998, 432-436.
[13] Mohan S. Kankanhalli, K. R. Ramakrishnan, and Rajmohan.Content Based Wateramrking of Images[J]. Proc. Of the 6th ACM International Conference on Multimedia,1998,61-70.
[14]李斌,王新伟.关于SVD图像水印算法的分析和改进[J].华东师范大学学报2007,1:100-106.
[15]刘锋,孙林军.一种基于DCT和SVD的数字图像水印技术[J].计算机应用2005,25(8):1944-1947.
[16] Fabien A. P. Petitcolas, Ross J. Anderson, and Markus G. Kuhn.“Attacks on Copyright Marking System.”David Aucsmith, Ed., Information Hiding, Second International Workshop, IH’98, 1998, Proceedings,LNCS 1525,Springer-Verlag,219-239.
[17] Fabien A. P. Petitcolas and Ross J. Anderson.“Evaluation of Copyright Marking Systems.”Proc. Of IEEE multimedia Systems, 1999,574-579,7-11.
[18] Kwok,SH , Yang,CC,Tam,KY.Watermark design pattern for intellectual property protection in electronic commerce application. PROC HAWAII INT CONF SYST SCI.151 p.2000.
[19] Cheng-Hao Li,Shuenn-Shyang Wang.Digital watermarking using fractal image coding IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences. 2000,(E83-A) 6:1286-1288.
[20]伯晓晨,沈林成,常文森.一种新的盲图像水印检测算法[J].计算机学报,2001,24(12):1279-1286
[21] Adnan M.Alattar,etc.Alattar.Watermarking Electronic Text Documents Containing Justified Paragraphs and Irregular Line Spacing. Security,Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VI.SPIE.2004:5036.
[22] SERDEAN C V.DWT-based High-capacity Blind Video Watermarking, Invariant to Geometrical Attack[J].IEE Proc-Vis Image Signal Process 2005,150(1):51-58.
[23] W. Bender,D. Gruhl,and N. Morimoto.“Techniques forData Hiding.”IBM Syst. J. 1996,35(3-4):313-336,
[24] J. Brassil, S. Low, N. Maxemchuk, and L. O’Gorman.“Electornic marking and identification techniques to discourage document copying.”IEEE J. Select[J]. Areas Commmon. 1995, Vol(13): 1495-1504.
[25] J. Brassil, S. Low, N. Maxemchuk, and L. O’Gorman. Copyright protection for the electronic distribution of text document[J]. Proc. IEEE.1999, No. 7:1181-1196.
[26] Ingemar J. Cox, Joe Killian, F, Thomson, and Talal Shamoon. Secure Spread Spectrum Watermarking for Multimedia[J]. IEEE Trans. On Image Processing, 1997,6(12):1673-1687.
[27] LIU Ruizhen , TAN Tieniu. A new SVD based imagewatermarking method[C] Proceedings of 4th Asia Con2ference of Computer Vision[J]. IEEE,2000:63-67.
[28] LIU Ruizhen , TAN Tieniu. An SVD based watermarkingscheme for protecting rightful ownership [J]. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, 2002,4(1):121-128.
[29]周波,陈健.基于奇异值分解的、抗几何失真的数字水印算法[J].中国图象图形学报,2004,9(4):506-512.
[30]陈永红,黄席樾.基于混沌映射和矩阵奇异分解的公开数字水印技术[J].计算机仿真,2005,22(1):138-141.
[31]李海峰,王树勋,温泉,等.基于SVD和ICA的鲁棒水印算法[J].中山大学学报:自然科学版,2004,43:53-57.
[32] SUN Rui , SUN Hong , YAO Tian2ren. A SVD andquantization based semi2f ragile watermarking techniquefor image authentication [C] Proceedings of 6th Inter2national Conference on Signal Processing. Beijing:Tsin2ghua University Press,2002:1592-1595.
[33]胡志刚,谢萍,张宪民.一种基于奇异值分解的数字水印算法[J].计算机工程,2003,17(29):162-164.
[34]郑晓势、赵彦玲等.数字水印重复嵌入及提取方法[J].系统仿真学报,2006,8:388-390
[35] A Deepa Kundur and Dimitrios Hatzinakos. Robust Digital Image Watermarking Method using Wavelet-Based Fusion[J]. In International Conference on Image Processing, pages 544--547, Santa Barbara, California, USA, October 1997. IEEE.
[36] Deepa Kundur and Dimitrios Hatzinakos. A Novel Blind Deconvolution Scheme for Image Restoration Using Recursive Filtering[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING, 1998, 46(2)
[37]牛夏牧,陆哲明,孙圣和.彩色数字水印嵌入技术[J].电子学报,2000, 28(9):10-12.
[38]李海峰,王树勋,温泉.基于分块SVD和Zernike矩的鲁棒图像水印[J].模式识别与人工智能,2005,18(3):361-365.
[39] Koch E and Zhao J.Image-adaptive watermarking using visual models [J].IEEE Hournal on Special Areas in Communications,1998,16(4): 525-539.
[40]余燕忠,王新伟,刘建华.DCT域水印嵌入新策略和算法[J].计算机应用与软件,2004,1(2):11-14.
[41]刘艳,李宏东.DCT域图象处理和特征提取技术[J].中国图象图形学报,2003,8(2):121-128
[42]黄继武,Yun Q.SHI,程卫东.DCT域图像水印:嵌入对策和算法[J].电子学报,2000,4(8):57-60
[43]李华,朱光喜,朱耀庭.一种基于人眼视觉感知模型的数字水印隐藏方法[J].电子学报,2000,10:111-113.
[44] Andrews H,Patterson C.Singular value decomposition (SVD) image coding,IEEE Transactions on Communications,1976,24(4):425-432
[45] Leon S J. Linear Algebra with Applications, New York:Macmillan,1986,343 -356
[46]李新等.矩阵理论及其应用[M].重庆大学出版社,2001:146-149
[47] Dapena,Adriana,Ahalt,Stanle.A hybird DCT-SVD image coding algorithm. IEEE TRANSCIRCUITS SYST VIDEO TECHNOL.2002,12(2):114-119
[48]刘俊景,蒋华.一种基于离散余弦变换与奇异值分解的数字图像水印算法[J].微电子学与计算机,2007,24(10)
[49]刘俊景,蒋华.一种改进的DCT和SVD联合的数字图像水印算法[J].计算机工程与科学,2009,31(1)
[50]周波,陈健.一种基于奇异值分解的稳健数字水印算法[J].计算机工程,2004,30(15):120-121.
[51] Quan Liu,Xuemei Jiang,ect.A unified digital Watermark algorithm based on singular value decomposition and spread spectrum technology. Chiniese jo- umalof lectronics,2005,14(4): 621-624
[2] A Z Tirkel,G A Rankin,RMVanSchyndel,W J Ho,N R A Mee,C F Osborne. Electronic Watermark.Digital Image Computing,Technology and Application DICTA 93.Sidney:Maquarie University,1993:666-673
[3] Lj.Cox,J.Kilian,etc.Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia[J]. Technical Report,95-100,NEC Research Institute,Princeton,NJ,1995
[4]杨长生.图象与声音压缩技术[M].浙江大学出版社. 2000,4,p. 264-301.
[5] Jana Dittmann,Mark Stabenau,and Ralf Steinmetz.“Robust MPEG Video Technologies.”Proc. Of the 6th ACM International Conference on[J]. Multimedia,1998,71-80.
[6] Xia Xiang-Gen,Charles G. Boncelet,and Gonzalo R.Arce.“A Multiresolution Watermark for Digital Images[J].”Proc. Of IEEE, 1997,548-551.
[7] Zeng Wndjun and Liu Bede.“On Resolving Rightful Ownerships for Digital Images by Invisible Watermarks.”Proc. Of IEEE,1997, 552-555.
[8] Christine I[J]. Podichuk ,etc.“Image Adaptive Watermarking Using Visual Models.”IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. 1998 ,16(4): 525-539.
[9] Wengwu Zhu,Zixiang Xiong, and Ya-Qin Zhang.“Multiresolution Watermarking for Images and Video: A Unified Approach[J].”Proc. Of International Conference on Image Processing,1998,p.465-468.
[10] Ioannis Pitas.“A Method for Watermark Casting on Digital Image[J].”IEEE Trans. On Circuit and Systems for Video Technology[J]. 1998, 8(6):775-780.
[11] I. Pitas.“A Method for Signature Casting on Digital Image.”Proc. Of International Conference on Image processing, 1996, p. 215-218.
[12] G. Voyatzis and I. Pitas. Chaotic Watermarks for Embedding in the Spatial Digital Image Domain[J]. Proc. Of the IEEE,1998, 432-436.
[13] Mohan S. Kankanhalli, K. R. Ramakrishnan, and Rajmohan.Content Based Wateramrking of Images[J]. Proc. Of the 6th ACM International Conference on Multimedia,1998,61-70.
[14]李斌,王新伟.关于SVD图像水印算法的分析和改进[J].华东师范大学学报2007,1:100-106.
[15]刘锋,孙林军.一种基于DCT和SVD的数字图像水印技术[J].计算机应用2005,25(8):1944-1947.
[16] Fabien A. P. Petitcolas, Ross J. Anderson, and Markus G. Kuhn.“Attacks on Copyright Marking System.”David Aucsmith, Ed., Information Hiding, Second International Workshop, IH’98, 1998, Proceedings,LNCS 1525,Springer-Verlag,219-239.
[17] Fabien A. P. Petitcolas and Ross J. Anderson.“Evaluation of Copyright Marking Systems.”Proc. Of IEEE multimedia Systems, 1999,574-579,7-11.
[18] Kwok,SH , Yang,CC,Tam,KY.Watermark design pattern for intellectual property protection in electronic commerce application. PROC HAWAII INT CONF SYST SCI.151 p.2000.
[19] Cheng-Hao Li,Shuenn-Shyang Wang.Digital watermarking using fractal image coding IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences. 2000,(E83-A) 6:1286-1288.
[20]伯晓晨,沈林成,常文森.一种新的盲图像水印检测算法[J].计算机学报,2001,24(12):1279-1286
[21] Adnan M.Alattar,etc.Alattar.Watermarking Electronic Text Documents Containing Justified Paragraphs and Irregular Line Spacing. Security,Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VI.SPIE.2004:5036.
[22] SERDEAN C V.DWT-based High-capacity Blind Video Watermarking, Invariant to Geometrical Attack[J].IEE Proc-Vis Image Signal Process 2005,150(1):51-58.
[23] W. Bender,D. Gruhl,and N. Morimoto.“Techniques forData Hiding.”IBM Syst. J. 1996,35(3-4):313-336,
[24] J. Brassil, S. Low, N. Maxemchuk, and L. O’Gorman.“Electornic marking and identification techniques to discourage document copying.”IEEE J. Select[J]. Areas Commmon. 1995, Vol(13): 1495-1504.
[25] J. Brassil, S. Low, N. Maxemchuk, and L. O’Gorman. Copyright protection for the electronic distribution of text document[J]. Proc. IEEE.1999, No. 7:1181-1196.
[26] Ingemar J. Cox, Joe Killian, F, Thomson, and Talal Shamoon. Secure Spread Spectrum Watermarking for Multimedia[J]. IEEE Trans. On Image Processing, 1997,6(12):1673-1687.
[27] LIU Ruizhen , TAN Tieniu. A new SVD based imagewatermarking method[C] Proceedings of 4th Asia Con2ference of Computer Vision[J]. IEEE,2000:63-67.
[28] LIU Ruizhen , TAN Tieniu. An SVD based watermarkingscheme for protecting rightful ownership [J]. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, 2002,4(1):121-128.
[29]周波,陈健.基于奇异值分解的、抗几何失真的数字水印算法[J].中国图象图形学报,2004,9(4):506-512.
[30]陈永红,黄席樾.基于混沌映射和矩阵奇异分解的公开数字水印技术[J].计算机仿真,2005,22(1):138-141.
[31]李海峰,王树勋,温泉,等.基于SVD和ICA的鲁棒水印算法[J].中山大学学报:自然科学版,2004,43:53-57.
[32] SUN Rui , SUN Hong , YAO Tian2ren. A SVD andquantization based semi2f ragile watermarking techniquefor image authentication [C] Proceedings of 6th Inter2national Conference on Signal Processing. Beijing:Tsin2ghua University Press,2002:1592-1595.
[33]胡志刚,谢萍,张宪民.一种基于奇异值分解的数字水印算法[J].计算机工程,2003,17(29):162-164.
[34]郑晓势、赵彦玲等.数字水印重复嵌入及提取方法[J].系统仿真学报,2006,8:388-390
[35] A Deepa Kundur and Dimitrios Hatzinakos. Robust Digital Image Watermarking Method using Wavelet-Based Fusion[J]. In International Conference on Image Processing, pages 544--547, Santa Barbara, California, USA, October 1997. IEEE.
[36] Deepa Kundur and Dimitrios Hatzinakos. A Novel Blind Deconvolution Scheme for Image Restoration Using Recursive Filtering[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING, 1998, 46(2)
[37]牛夏牧,陆哲明,孙圣和.彩色数字水印嵌入技术[J].电子学报,2000, 28(9):10-12.
[38]李海峰,王树勋,温泉.基于分块SVD和Zernike矩的鲁棒图像水印[J].模式识别与人工智能,2005,18(3):361-365.
[39] Koch E and Zhao J.Image-adaptive watermarking using visual models [J].IEEE Hournal on Special Areas in Communications,1998,16(4): 525-539.
[40]余燕忠,王新伟,刘建华.DCT域水印嵌入新策略和算法[J].计算机应用与软件,2004,1(2):11-14.
[41]刘艳,李宏东.DCT域图象处理和特征提取技术[J].中国图象图形学报,2003,8(2):121-128
[42]黄继武,Yun Q.SHI,程卫东.DCT域图像水印:嵌入对策和算法[J].电子学报,2000,4(8):57-60
[43]李华,朱光喜,朱耀庭.一种基于人眼视觉感知模型的数字水印隐藏方法[J].电子学报,2000,10:111-113.
[44] Andrews H,Patterson C.Singular value decomposition (SVD) image coding,IEEE Transactions on Communications,1976,24(4):425-432
[45] Leon S J. Linear Algebra with Applications, New York:Macmillan,1986,343 -356
[46]李新等.矩阵理论及其应用[M].重庆大学出版社,2001:146-149
[47] Dapena,Adriana,Ahalt,Stanle.A hybird DCT-SVD image coding algorithm. IEEE TRANSCIRCUITS SYST VIDEO TECHNOL.2002,12(2):114-119
[48]刘俊景,蒋华.一种基于离散余弦变换与奇异值分解的数字图像水印算法[J].微电子学与计算机,2007,24(10)
[49]刘俊景,蒋华.一种改进的DCT和SVD联合的数字图像水印算法[J].计算机工程与科学,2009,31(1)
[50]周波,陈健.一种基于奇异值分解的稳健数字水印算法[J].计算机工程,2004,30(15):120-121.
[51] Quan Liu,Xuemei Jiang,ect.A unified digital Watermark algorithm based on singular value decomposition and spread spectrum technology. Chiniese jo- umalof lectronics,2005,14(4): 621-624