植物青枯菌群体猝灭基因的功能研究及利用
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摘要
植物细菌性青枯病是由茄科雷尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)引起的一种世界性重大病害。青枯菌的寄主范围非常广泛,涉及50多个科的200种植物,其中包括马铃薯、番茄、茄子、辣椒、甘薯、花生、烟草、香蕉、桑树、桉树、油橄榄等许多重要的粮食、蔬菜及经济作物。
植物病原细菌毒性基因的表达受群体感应(quorum-sensing)信号分子-AHL(酰基高丝氨酸内酯,N-acyl homoserine lactone)的调控,降解细菌产生的AHL信号分子,猝灭其群体感应,能够降低细菌的致病力。
1.青枯菌aac基因的克隆及原核表达产物的功能分析
克隆了青枯菌的aac(aculeacin A acylase)基因,构建了aac基因的原核表达载体,获得了AAC融合蛋白,证实了AAC蛋白能够降解细菌的AHL信号分子,猝灭细菌的群体感应,明显减弱病菌的致病力。
2.青枯菌aac基因突变株的构建及其致病性分析
为明确aac基因在青枯菌致病过程中的作用,构建了aac基因重组自杀质粒,并将其电转化至青枯菌野生型菌株中,经过体内同源重组,获得了aac基因插入突变株。接种番茄的结果显示,aac突变株的致病性较野生型明显下降,证明了aac基因在青枯菌致病过程中起重要作用。
3.抗青枯病转aac基因烟草和番茄的培育
为进一步研究aac基因的功能,构建了aac基因高效植物表达载体pBI121-Ω4A-aac,转化至农杆菌,应用叶盘法分别转化至烟草和番茄。经过愈伤诱导及卡那霉素(Kan)筛选,分别获得了35株转基因烟草和15株转基因番茄。经过PCR、RT-PCR、Southern、ELISA检测,表明aac基因已经成功整合到转基因植株的基因组中,并得到正确的表达。接种青枯菌结果显示,转aac基因烟草和番茄的抗病性明显的增强,提高2-2.9个抗性级别,评价为中等抗病水平,表现为发病时间延迟,病情指数的降低。证明将青枯菌群体猝灭基因导入植物,是提高植物对青枯病抗性的有效策略。
4.青枯菌毒性蛋白分泌系统Gsp蛋白互作分析
为验证群体感应调控下与青枯菌毒性蛋白分泌相关的II型分泌系统Gsp蛋白间的互作,将青枯菌gspC、E、M、L基因克隆至不同的原核表达载体中,表达成Gsp C、E、M、L融合蛋白。通过包涵体蛋白变复性研究,获得了具有活性的复性后蛋白质。蛋白质体外结合试验(Pull-down)结果显示,GspE和GspL,GspL和GspM蛋白之间可发生相互作用。利用体外蛋白结合技术进一步验证了Gsp蛋白互作的真实性。
Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is one of the most important and widespread bacterial diseases of plants. R. solanacearum is a devastating plant pathogen with an unusually wide host range of > 200 specieies in 50 families. Some of its economically important hosts are potato, tomato, eggplant, capsicum, papaya, peanut, tobacco, banana, mulberry, eucalyptus, and olive.
AHLs(N-acyl homoserine lactones), quorum-sensing signals regulate virulence gene expression in a range of plant and animal (including human) bacterial pathogens. However, AHL-inactivation approach can attenuate the plant pathogenicity of pathogens.
1. Cloning of a quorum-quenching gene from R. solanacearum and bioactivity assay of its fusion protein expressed in E. coli
The R. solanacearum probable aculeacin A acylase (AAC) gene was cloned by PCR amplification and constructed into bacterial expressing vector. AAC fusion protein was obtained in E. coli system. It was observed that recombinant Escherichia coli producing AAC proteins had AHL-degrading activity and could attenuate the plant pathogenicity of pathogen.
2. Mutant construction of R. solanacearum aac gene and estimation its pathogenicity
To determine the function of aac gene in bacterial wilt disease development, a suicide vector of aac gene was constructed and introduced into wild-type R. solanacearum by electroporation. After homologous recombination, the aac mutants were generated and identified. The result of soil inoculation showed that the aac mutants were much less virulent on tomato than the wild-type, which indicated that the aac gene is a very important factor in the pathogenesis of R. solanacearum.
3. Breeding transgenic tobacco with aac gene against bacterial wilt
To further analysis of the function of aac gene, a plant high-efficient expression plasmid of aac gene, pBI121-Ω4A-aac was successfully constructed. And the plasmid was then transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens and then introduced into leaf disk of tobacoo and tomato. Under Kanamycin selection pressure, 35 and 15 resistant regenerated plants of NC89 and‘zhongshu-5’were obtained, respectively. The results of PCR, RT-PCR, Northern, and ELISA identification indicated that the aac gene was successfully integrated into the genomes of tobacco and tomato plants and transcribed correctly. The result of plant inoculation showed that ransgenic tobacco and tomato expressing AAC exhibit significantly enhanced resistance to R. solanacearum comparing to non-transgenic ones. The transgenic plants could delay the wilt symptom development and make disease index reduced. All of the results indicated that the resistance of plants could be enhanced by introducing aac gene into the genomic.
4. Interactions analysis between the Gsp proteins of Type II secretory system in R. solanacearum
To identification the interactions between the Gsp proteins of Type II Secretory System in R. solanacearum controlled by the quorum-sensing, the gspC、E、M、L genes were cloned into different bacteria expression plasmids, and the fusion proteins were obtained. After refolding, the refolded proteins with biological activity were gained. The results of Pull-down assay show that GspE-GspL and GspL-GspM can be interact, respectively.
植物病原细菌毒性基因的表达受群体感应(quorum-sensing)信号分子-AHL(酰基高丝氨酸内酯,N-acyl homoserine lactone)的调控,降解细菌产生的AHL信号分子,猝灭其群体感应,能够降低细菌的致病力。
1.青枯菌aac基因的克隆及原核表达产物的功能分析
克隆了青枯菌的aac(aculeacin A acylase)基因,构建了aac基因的原核表达载体,获得了AAC融合蛋白,证实了AAC蛋白能够降解细菌的AHL信号分子,猝灭细菌的群体感应,明显减弱病菌的致病力。
2.青枯菌aac基因突变株的构建及其致病性分析
为明确aac基因在青枯菌致病过程中的作用,构建了aac基因重组自杀质粒,并将其电转化至青枯菌野生型菌株中,经过体内同源重组,获得了aac基因插入突变株。接种番茄的结果显示,aac突变株的致病性较野生型明显下降,证明了aac基因在青枯菌致病过程中起重要作用。
3.抗青枯病转aac基因烟草和番茄的培育
为进一步研究aac基因的功能,构建了aac基因高效植物表达载体pBI121-Ω4A-aac,转化至农杆菌,应用叶盘法分别转化至烟草和番茄。经过愈伤诱导及卡那霉素(Kan)筛选,分别获得了35株转基因烟草和15株转基因番茄。经过PCR、RT-PCR、Southern、ELISA检测,表明aac基因已经成功整合到转基因植株的基因组中,并得到正确的表达。接种青枯菌结果显示,转aac基因烟草和番茄的抗病性明显的增强,提高2-2.9个抗性级别,评价为中等抗病水平,表现为发病时间延迟,病情指数的降低。证明将青枯菌群体猝灭基因导入植物,是提高植物对青枯病抗性的有效策略。
4.青枯菌毒性蛋白分泌系统Gsp蛋白互作分析
为验证群体感应调控下与青枯菌毒性蛋白分泌相关的II型分泌系统Gsp蛋白间的互作,将青枯菌gspC、E、M、L基因克隆至不同的原核表达载体中,表达成Gsp C、E、M、L融合蛋白。通过包涵体蛋白变复性研究,获得了具有活性的复性后蛋白质。蛋白质体外结合试验(Pull-down)结果显示,GspE和GspL,GspL和GspM蛋白之间可发生相互作用。利用体外蛋白结合技术进一步验证了Gsp蛋白互作的真实性。
Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is one of the most important and widespread bacterial diseases of plants. R. solanacearum is a devastating plant pathogen with an unusually wide host range of > 200 specieies in 50 families. Some of its economically important hosts are potato, tomato, eggplant, capsicum, papaya, peanut, tobacco, banana, mulberry, eucalyptus, and olive.
AHLs(N-acyl homoserine lactones), quorum-sensing signals regulate virulence gene expression in a range of plant and animal (including human) bacterial pathogens. However, AHL-inactivation approach can attenuate the plant pathogenicity of pathogens.
1. Cloning of a quorum-quenching gene from R. solanacearum and bioactivity assay of its fusion protein expressed in E. coli
The R. solanacearum probable aculeacin A acylase (AAC) gene was cloned by PCR amplification and constructed into bacterial expressing vector. AAC fusion protein was obtained in E. coli system. It was observed that recombinant Escherichia coli producing AAC proteins had AHL-degrading activity and could attenuate the plant pathogenicity of pathogen.
2. Mutant construction of R. solanacearum aac gene and estimation its pathogenicity
To determine the function of aac gene in bacterial wilt disease development, a suicide vector of aac gene was constructed and introduced into wild-type R. solanacearum by electroporation. After homologous recombination, the aac mutants were generated and identified. The result of soil inoculation showed that the aac mutants were much less virulent on tomato than the wild-type, which indicated that the aac gene is a very important factor in the pathogenesis of R. solanacearum.
3. Breeding transgenic tobacco with aac gene against bacterial wilt
To further analysis of the function of aac gene, a plant high-efficient expression plasmid of aac gene, pBI121-Ω4A-aac was successfully constructed. And the plasmid was then transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens and then introduced into leaf disk of tobacoo and tomato. Under Kanamycin selection pressure, 35 and 15 resistant regenerated plants of NC89 and‘zhongshu-5’were obtained, respectively. The results of PCR, RT-PCR, Northern, and ELISA identification indicated that the aac gene was successfully integrated into the genomes of tobacco and tomato plants and transcribed correctly. The result of plant inoculation showed that ransgenic tobacco and tomato expressing AAC exhibit significantly enhanced resistance to R. solanacearum comparing to non-transgenic ones. The transgenic plants could delay the wilt symptom development and make disease index reduced. All of the results indicated that the resistance of plants could be enhanced by introducing aac gene into the genomic.
4. Interactions analysis between the Gsp proteins of Type II secretory system in R. solanacearum
To identification the interactions between the Gsp proteins of Type II Secretory System in R. solanacearum controlled by the quorum-sensing, the gspC、E、M、L genes were cloned into different bacteria expression plasmids, and the fusion proteins were obtained. After refolding, the refolded proteins with biological activity were gained. The results of Pull-down assay show that GspE-GspL and GspL-GspM can be interact, respectively.
引文
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