加入世界贸易组织对阿尔及利亚经济潜在的影响研究
摘要
第二次世界大战以来,国际贸易规模大幅度增加,贸易品种从别针过渡到飞机,从简单的电子设备如风扇过渡到最复杂的电子设备如电脑及其程序。
国际贸易的重要性及规模日益增加,其增长率有时甚至超过了全球GDP,交易商的利益冲突和一些国家使用的贸易保护主义以及国际贸易的负面影响迫使各国制定法规以监控和管理国际贸易。这些规则最终促进了世界贸易组织的成立,涵盖了有关贸易问题的方方面面,如知识产权和贸易相关的投资问题。
当然,该组织的重要性和涉及的一些问题对加入它的国家有着绝对的影响。
在这种背景下,本文试图研究世界贸易组织对于发展中的经济国家阿尔及利亚有着怎样的潜在影响。
通过本文,作者将研究阿尔及利亚经济的演变和发展,阿尔及利亚主要以自然资源为经济基础,依靠碳氢化合物部门,工业、农业和服务业部门非常薄弱,无论是生产力还是发展水平都远远低于发达国家甚至邻国。其后,作者将简单的研究1987年以来阿尔及利亚与关贸总协定之间的关系,以及世贸组织关于阿尔及利亚的商议,不过至今商议问题仍是关于财政和关税制度问题。第三章中,作者将简单介绍阿尔及利亚推行的政策和改革,如银行业的改革仍然使用旧技术、方法工作以及高成本低数量服务等。大部分的改革如财政体系,知识产权和贸易政策都无法达到预定目标,也没有实现经济重组。在第四章中,作者将研究阿尔及利亚加入世贸组织的潜在的积极和消极影响。在第五章中,通过总结和结论,作者将给出一些有助于推动和重组阿尔及利亚经济的政策和解决方法的建议。最后,作者将提出研究的不足,并且建议一些问题需要进一步研究。
International trade has been increasing since the WWII in term of volume; either real or nominal; and in term of the items that have been traded which rang from pins to aircrafts and from the simple electric equipments like fans to the most complicated electronic devices such as computers and their programs.
The increasing importance and the volume of international trade which increased in sometimes at rate higher than that of increasing global GDP, the conflicted interests of traders and the protectionism policies that have been adopted by some countries and had negative impact on international trade compelled countries involved in international trade to put regulations and rules to monitor and manage the flow of trade. These rules and principles ended up in establishing the WTO which covers more subjects and aspects of trade such as intellectual property and the trade related investment.
Of course, an organization with such importance and the number of issues that covers has definitely impact on countries that join it.
The present study is in this context, it attempts at studying the potential impacts of the WTO which includes strong economies on the economy of Algeria as a developing economy.
Along the thesis, the author will study the evolution and the development of the Algerian economy which is natural resources based economy as it still depends on the hydrocarbons sector and of which the industrial, agricultural and services sectors are weak, don’t produce enough production, characterized by low productivity and are under the level of development that prevails in developed countries and even in the neighboring countries. After that, the author will study briefly the relation of Algerian with the GATT which dates back to 1987 and with the WTO with which Algeria negotiated and is still negotiating about issues such as fiscal and tariff system. Then in the third chapter, the author will present briefly the policies and reforms that took place in Algeria such as reforming the banking system which is till working using old techniques and methods, provide limited number of services at high costs, the fiscal system, intellectual property and finally the trade policies of which most of the reforms didn’t achieve their goals and didn’t lead to restructure the economy. In the fourth chapter, the author will study the potential positive and negative impacts of joining the WTO. In the fifth chapter, after the summary and the conclusion, the author will suggest some policies and procedures that may help boost and restructure the Algerian economy. Finally, the author denotes the shortcomings of his study and suggest some issues and problematic for further researches.
国际贸易的重要性及规模日益增加,其增长率有时甚至超过了全球GDP,交易商的利益冲突和一些国家使用的贸易保护主义以及国际贸易的负面影响迫使各国制定法规以监控和管理国际贸易。这些规则最终促进了世界贸易组织的成立,涵盖了有关贸易问题的方方面面,如知识产权和贸易相关的投资问题。
当然,该组织的重要性和涉及的一些问题对加入它的国家有着绝对的影响。
在这种背景下,本文试图研究世界贸易组织对于发展中的经济国家阿尔及利亚有着怎样的潜在影响。
通过本文,作者将研究阿尔及利亚经济的演变和发展,阿尔及利亚主要以自然资源为经济基础,依靠碳氢化合物部门,工业、农业和服务业部门非常薄弱,无论是生产力还是发展水平都远远低于发达国家甚至邻国。其后,作者将简单的研究1987年以来阿尔及利亚与关贸总协定之间的关系,以及世贸组织关于阿尔及利亚的商议,不过至今商议问题仍是关于财政和关税制度问题。第三章中,作者将简单介绍阿尔及利亚推行的政策和改革,如银行业的改革仍然使用旧技术、方法工作以及高成本低数量服务等。大部分的改革如财政体系,知识产权和贸易政策都无法达到预定目标,也没有实现经济重组。在第四章中,作者将研究阿尔及利亚加入世贸组织的潜在的积极和消极影响。在第五章中,通过总结和结论,作者将给出一些有助于推动和重组阿尔及利亚经济的政策和解决方法的建议。最后,作者将提出研究的不足,并且建议一些问题需要进一步研究。
International trade has been increasing since the WWII in term of volume; either real or nominal; and in term of the items that have been traded which rang from pins to aircrafts and from the simple electric equipments like fans to the most complicated electronic devices such as computers and their programs.
The increasing importance and the volume of international trade which increased in sometimes at rate higher than that of increasing global GDP, the conflicted interests of traders and the protectionism policies that have been adopted by some countries and had negative impact on international trade compelled countries involved in international trade to put regulations and rules to monitor and manage the flow of trade. These rules and principles ended up in establishing the WTO which covers more subjects and aspects of trade such as intellectual property and the trade related investment.
Of course, an organization with such importance and the number of issues that covers has definitely impact on countries that join it.
The present study is in this context, it attempts at studying the potential impacts of the WTO which includes strong economies on the economy of Algeria as a developing economy.
Along the thesis, the author will study the evolution and the development of the Algerian economy which is natural resources based economy as it still depends on the hydrocarbons sector and of which the industrial, agricultural and services sectors are weak, don’t produce enough production, characterized by low productivity and are under the level of development that prevails in developed countries and even in the neighboring countries. After that, the author will study briefly the relation of Algerian with the GATT which dates back to 1987 and with the WTO with which Algeria negotiated and is still negotiating about issues such as fiscal and tariff system. Then in the third chapter, the author will present briefly the policies and reforms that took place in Algeria such as reforming the banking system which is till working using old techniques and methods, provide limited number of services at high costs, the fiscal system, intellectual property and finally the trade policies of which most of the reforms didn’t achieve their goals and didn’t lead to restructure the economy. In the fourth chapter, the author will study the potential positive and negative impacts of joining the WTO. In the fifth chapter, after the summary and the conclusion, the author will suggest some policies and procedures that may help boost and restructure the Algerian economy. Finally, the author denotes the shortcomings of his study and suggest some issues and problematic for further researches.
引文
①Rachida Shami. The WTO and the developing countries [D]. Doctoral dissertation, university of Algiers, 2007: 239
①Nassera Kourish. The dimension and the trends of the strategy of flourishing industry in Algeria [J]. North Africa economies review, 2008, (5):87-106
①Sadak Boushnafa. The implications of the WTO on Algerian industry [D]. Doctoral dissertation, University of Algiers, 2007:234
②Nassera Kourish. The dimension and the trends of the strategy of flourishing industry in Algeria [J]. North Africa economies review, 2008, (5):87-106
①Slimane belawar. The challenges of the WTO to the Arab economic complementality [J]. the researcher review, 2008, (6): 55-67
②Fatma touati. The reality and the prospects of the AFTA under the global economic developments [D]. Master dissertation, University of Shelif, 2007: 95
①Habib Mahmoud. The AFTA and the prospect of the Arab economic integration. Damascus University journal of economics and law, 2000, 16(2):273-294
②Basher Messitfa. The way to the Arab unification [N]. Echourouk Elyoumi, Algerian daily,31st of March2010:17
③Soumia Kabir. The performance of the inter- Arab trade 2000-04 [J]. North Africa economies review, 2008, (5): 61-86
①Abdelhamid Zabat. The impacts of the EU-Mediterranean partnership on the Algerian economy [J].North Africa economies review, 2004, (1): 52-67
②Ahmed Aghrout. Embracing free trade: the EU’s economic partnership with Algeria [J]. Review of European economic policy, 2007, 42(2): 96-104
①Dominick selvator. Theories and issues on international economics [M]. New Jersey, Englewood Prentice Hall press, 1995:96
①Mouhamed Said. International trade [M]. Alexandria, Eleshaa press, 2001:445
①Ayat ALLH Mulacen. The implication of Algeria’s joining the WTO on the Algerian foreign trade [D]. University of Biskra, 2004:200
①Francesco Giavazzi & Guido Tabellini. Economic and political liberalizations [J]. Journal of Monetary Economics, 2005, (52):1297–1330
①Algeria : Administrative Reform, Innovation and Maintenance [R]. CAIMED, 2004: 11-12
①Meriem Lashashe. The Algerian banking system: the mutation and prospective. Paper presented at conference on the Algerian banking system and the economic transformations held at University of shelif, December14-15th, 2004:53
②Faiza Laraf. To how extent did the Algerian banking system adapt to the Basel II accord [D]. Master dissertation, University of Messila, 2010: 129
③Salah Meftah. The monetary policy in the reforms period 1990-2000 [D]. Doctoral dissertation, University of Algiers, 2008:229-230
①Kamal Razik & Samir Amour. Evaluation the process of substituting the petroleum taxation by the ordinary taxation in Algeria [J]. North Africa economies review, 2008, (5):319-342
①Algeria: The Transition to a Market Economy [R]. WB report no 12048, 1994:31
①Hocine Bendif. The process of privatization in Algeria : strategy, bulletin and prospective. Paper presented at economic forum held at Switzerland, September 24th, 2008 :3
②Taib Dawdi &Abdelhak Mani. Evaluating the process of privatization the Algerian public economic enterprises in Algeria [J]. The thinker review, 2008, (3):133-154
①Lila Shikha. The international trade related intellectual property and the question of transferring technologies [D]. Master dissertation, University of Batna, 2007:3
①investment guide to Algeria [R]. KPMG, 2009: 326
①Konstantinos D. Patlitzianas & Haris Doukas. A reform strategy of the energy sector of the 12 countries of North Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean [J]. Energy Conversion and Management journal, 2006, (47):1913–1926
②Belkassem Srairi. The role of the energy sector under the global economy and in the prospect of joining the WTO [D]. Master dissertation, University of Batna, 2008:100
③Aissa Mecklid. The Algerian hydrocarbons sector under the economic development [D]. Master dissertation, University of Batna, 2008
①Belkassem Srairi. The role of the energy sector under the global economy and in the prospect of joining the WTO [D]. Master dissertation, University of Batna, 2008
①Samia Boutamine. The implications of joining the WTO [D]. Master dissertation, University of Algiers, 2001:228
②Samir Shnibi. The Algerian foreign trade under the new developments [D]. Master dissertation, University of Algiers, 2006:65
[1] Abd-el-Kader Brines. The marketing in the public services enterprises [D]. Doctoral dissertation University of Algiers, 2007
[2] Abd-el-Kader Elmoukhadmi. The Arab economic complementality [M]. Algiers: University of Algiers press, 2009:175
[3] Abdelhamid Zabat. The impacts of the EU-Mediterranean partnership on the Algerian economy [J]. North Africa economies review, 2004, (1): 52-67
[4] Abdelatif Messitfa. The role and the efficiency of banks in financing the economic activities: the case of Algeria [J]. The researcher review, 2006, (4):75-86
[5] Abdelali Jbili. Klaus enders. Volker Treichel et al. Financial reforms in Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia: a preliminary assessment. IMF working paper, 1997, WP/97/81
[6] Abdelmounaim Elnil. The Impacts of globalization on banks: wholly approach [J]. North Africa economies review, 2005, (3):7-44
[7] Abdelmajid Kadi. The Algerian fiscal system and the challenges of the 3rd millennium. Paper presented at the first national colloquium on the Algerian economy in the 3rd millennium held at the University of Blida, Mai 20-21st, 2002
[8] Abdessalam Makhloufi. The trade related intellectual property: a tool to protect technologies or to monopolize them? [J]. North Africa economies review, 2005, (3): 111-134
[9] Abdullah Aljabere. Economic corruption: its causes, kinds and how to fight it in Islam. Paper presented at the third conference on the Islamic economics, held at the University of Aum Alkoura,SAk, 2005
[10] Abdullah Belwanas. The Algerian economy: the transition from plans to market, to which extent did the economic policies achieve their goals [D]. Doctoral dissertation, University of Algiers, 2005
[11] Abdou Moustafa. The impacts of the political corruption on the sustainable development: the case of Algeria 1995-2006 [D]. Master dissertation, University of Batna, 2008
[12] Abirat Moukadam. The Arab agricultural complementality and the challenges of the WTO [D]. Doctoral dissertation, University of Algiers, 2002
[13] Ahmed Aghrout. Embracing free trade: the EU’s economic partnership with Algeria [J]. Review of European economic policy, 2007, 42(2): 96-104
[14] Ahmed Bashi. The reality of the agricultural sector and the exigency of reforms [J]. The researcher review, 2003, (2): 108-115
[15] Ahmed Bouras. Capital markets [M].Constantine: Algeria, Constantine University press, 2003:159
[16] Ahmed Akkash. Algeria facing globalization: an essay on the new masks of imperialism [M]. Algiers: IAIG press, 2009:117
[17] Aissa Mecklid. The Algerian hydrocarbons sector under the economic development [D]. Master dissertation, University of Batna, 2008
[18] Aissa Mouhoubi. The vulnerability of the petroleum countries and the channels of transmission the crisis. Paper presented at the 4th international colloquial on the international financial crisis and its implications on the economies of MENA, held at Elaurassi Hotel, Algiers on13th December 2009
[19] Alarbi Alarbi. The role of energy in the Maghreb-EU relations; the case of Algeria and Libya [D]. Master dissertation, University of Algiers, 2005
[20] Ali Betahar. The implications of the Algerian banking system reforms on savings and financing development [D]. Doctoral dissertation, University of Algiers, 2006
[21] Ali Betahar. Policies of opening and reforming the Algerian economy [J]. North Africa economies review, 2004, (1):179-212
[22] Algeria’s foreign trade statistics [R]. Algerian customs department report, 2007
[23] Algeria’s foreign trade statistics [R]. Algerian customs department report, 2008
[24] Algeria’s foreign trade statistics [R]. Algerian customs department report, 2009
[25] Algeria’s foreign trade statistics [R]. Algerian customs department report, 2010
[26] Algeria selected issues [R]. IMF, 1998
[27] Algeria recent economic development[R]. IMF, 2000
[28] Algeria, statistical appendixes[R]. IMF, 2001
[29] Algeria; statistical appendixes [R]. IMF, 2006
[30] Algeria, statistical appendixes [R]. IMF, 2009
[31] Algeria, staff report and public information [R]. IMF, 2010
[32] Algeria : Administrative Reform, Innovation and Maintenance[R]. CAIMED, 2004:11-12
[33] Algeria:Privatization Assistance [R]. WB report n 8866, 1994:31
[34] Algeria: The Transition to a Market Economy [R]. WB report n 12048, 1994
[35] Algeria: dairy and products annual [R]. USDA foreign agriculture service, AG9010, 2009
[36] Alazrak Ben Abdullah & Ahmed Oumrani. The Algerian information system in the Algerian legislative framework. Paper presented at the 6th conference on security information environment held at the Saudi Library and information association, Riad6-7th April, 2010
[37] Alessandro Romagnoli& Luisa Mengoni. The challenges of economic integration in the MENA region: from GAFTA and EU-MFTA to small scale Arab Unions [J]. Journal of economic change and restructuring, 2009, 42(1): 69-83
[38] Andrew K. Rose. Do WTO members have more liberal trade policy? [J]. journal of international economics, 2004, (63): 209-235
[39] Andrew K. Rose. Do we really know that WTO increase trade? [J]. The American economic review, 2004, 94(1): 98-114
[40] Andrew K. Rose. Does the WTO make trade more stable? [J]. Open economies review, 2005, (16): 7-22
[41] Ayat ALLH Mulacen. The implication of Algeria’s joining the WTO on the Algerian foreign trade [D]. University of Biskra, 2004:200
[42] Ayash Ansar. The democratization experience in Algeria: the game and the challenges. Paper presented at colloquium on the stumbling blocks to democratization in the Arab world, held at Alahram center of human rights studies, Cairo, 29th February-3rd March, 1996
[43] Ayash Ansar. Political pluralism in Algeria: the reality and the prospect. Paper presented at the conference on the democratization transition in the Arab region, held at the Jordanian institution of Diplomacy, Al Elbit University, Jordan, 18-19th May, 1999.
[44] Azedine bentourki. The new industrial strategy. Paper presented at the national colloquium about development of the Algerian economy, held at University of Batna, 12-13th, December 2009
[45] bank of Algeria semi-annual bulletin [R]. Bank of Algeria, 2010
[46] Bassam Fattouh & Hakim Darboush. North African oil and foreign investment in changing market conditions [J]. Energy policy, 2010, (38):1119-1129
[47] Basher Messitfa. The way to the Arab unification [N]. Echourouk Elyoumi, Algerian daily,31st March2010:17
[48] Basher Messitfa. The EU welcomes the claims of Algeria: the journey of the last chance [N]. Echourouk Elyoumi, Algerian daily, 16th Jun 2010
[49] Basher Messitfa. The Economic corruption: an approach to the conception and the perceptions [J]. Journal of economic studies, 2005, (6): 9-24
[50] Belkassem Srairi. The role of the energy sector under the global economy and in the prospect of joining the WTO [D]. Master dissertation, University of Batna, 2008:100
[51] Bilal Louil. The relation of FDI with the economic growth in Algeria for the period 1995-2005 [D]. Master dissertation, Uuniversity of Algiers, 2007
[52] Brigid Gavin. The Euro-Mediterranean partnership: An experience in North-South-South integration [J]. Review of European economic policy, 2005, 40(6): 353-360
[53] Charles, W, L, Hill: International trade theory [M]. Beijing: Post and Telecom press, 2008:81
[54] Charles, W, L, Hill: International finance [M]. Beijing: Post and Telecom press, 200835
[55] Corruption perception index reports on Middle East and North Africa region [R]. Transparency international CPI report, 2009
[56] Competitiveness report [R]. World Economic Forum, 2010
[57] Darrel Moellendore. The world trade organization and egalitarian justice [J]. Journal of Methaphilosophy, 2005, 36(1): 145-162
[58] Dominick selvator. Theories and issues on international economics [M]. New Jersey: Englewood Prentice Hall press, 1995:96
[59] Dominick selvator. The challenges to the liberal trade system [J]. Journal of policy modeling, 2009, (31): 593-599
[60] Doing business in Algeria [R]. WB, 2010
[61] Economic freedom index report [R].The heritage foundation, 2010
[62] Faiza Laraf. To how extent did the Algerian banking system adapt to the Basel II accord [D]. Master dissertation, University of Messila, 2010
[63] Fatma touati. The reality and the prospects of the AFTA under the global economic developments [D]. Master dissertation, University of Shelif, 2007
[64] Fatma touati. The future of the AFTA under the global economic developments [J]. The researcher review, 2008, (6): 185-199
[65] Fatma Benyoussef. The exchange rate policy in Algeria [D]. Master dissertation, University of Algiers, 2006
[66] Fritz Breuss. WTO dispute settlement: Four EU-US Mini Trade Wars-A Rejoinder [J]. Journal of industry, competition and trade, 2004, (4): 373-378
[67] Francesco Giavazzi & Guido Tabellini. Economic and political liberalizations [J]. Journal of Monetary Economics, 2005, (52):1297–1330
[68] global competitiveness report [R]. The world economic forum, 2010
[69] Gurler Oker. The third ministerial conference of the WTO and the importance of the WTO [J]. Journal of economic cooperation among Islamic countries, 2001, 22(1):15-33
[70] Habib Mahmoud. The AFTA and the prospect of the Arab economic integration. Damascus University journal of economics and law, 2000 16(2):273-294
[71] Hamid Bouzida. The Algerian fiscal system and the challenges of the economic reforms [D]. Doctoral dissertation, University of Algiers, 2006
[72] Hocine Bendif. The process of privatization in Algeria : strategy, bulletin and prospective. Paper presented at economic forum held at Switzerland, September 24th, 2008:3
[73] Ikram Miassi. The implications of the integration into the global economy on the private sector in Algeria [D]. University of Algiers, 2008
[74] Kamal Razik & Samir Amour. Evaluation the process of substituting the petroleum taxation by the ordinary taxation in Algeria [J]. North Africa economies review, 2008, (5):319-342
[75] Kristina Kaush & Richard Youngs. Algeria: democratic transition case study. Center on Democracy, Development, and The Rule of Law, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies at Stanford University working paper,2008, 08/84
[76] Kamal Razik & Samir Amoura. Evaluation the subsititution of the petroleum taxation by ordinary taxation [J]. North Africa economies review, 2008, (5): 319-342
[77] Karim Nashashibi. Fiscal revenues in south Mediterranean countries: vulnerabilities and growth potential. IMF working paper, 2002, WP/02/67
[78] Konstantinos D. Patlitzianas & Haris Doukas. A reform strategy of the energy sector of the 12 countries of North Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean [J]. Energy Conversion and Management journal, 2006, (47):1913–1926
[79] investment guide to Algeria [R]. KPMG, 2006
[80] investment guide to Algeria [R]. KPMG, 2009
[81] Investment climate in Arab countries [R]. The Arab investment and export credit guarantee corporation (IAIGC), 2009
[82] Joint Arab economic report [R]. AMF, 2008
[83] Javier Sua & Marcelo Olarreaga. Does Globalization Cause a Higher Concentration of International Trade and Investment flows?. WTO working paper, 1998, 98/08
[84] Jamela Jouzi. The reality and the prospects of the Arab economic integration [J]. North Africa economies review, 2008, (5): 25-44
[85] Judith L, Glodeston & Douglas Rivers and Michael Toms. Understanding the effect of the GATT and WTO on international trade. Institutions in international relation, Stanford University working paper
[86] Lila Shikha. The international trade related intellectual property and the question of transferring technologies [D]. Master dissertation, University of Batna, 2007
[87] Mark Hayes. Algerian gas to Europe: the transmed pipeline and early Spanish gas import projects. Stanford University Institute for International Studies’Center of Environmental Science and Policy working paper, 2004, 04/27
[88] Mehdi Abas. The process of joining the WTO: an analysis of the political economics in Algeria. Economy of production and international integration center working paper, 2008, 08/13
[89] Mehdi Abas. The Algeria’s joining the WTO between openness and constraints. Economy of production and international integration center working paper, 2009, 09/03
[90] Mehdi Abas. The Algerian joining the WTO: which strategy for which globalization. Economy of production and international integration center working paper, 2009, 09/08,
[91] Meriem Lashashe. The Algerian banking system: the mutation and prospective. Paper presented at conference on the Algerian banking system and the economic transformations held at University of shelif, December14-15th, 2004:53
[92] Michel Roche. The Russia joining the WTO, what issues?. University of Quebec at Montreal’s center of international relations and globalization working paper 2004, 04/03
[93] Mouhamed Said. International trade [M]. Alexandria: Eleshaa press, 2001:445
[94] Mouhamed Alfara. The question of producing food in the Arab world [M]. Kuwait: the Kuwait culture council press, 1979
[95] Mouhamed Hacen Alawi. The new approach of regional economic complementality [J]. The researcher review, 2010, (7): 107-122
[96] Mouhamed Meharzi. The fiscal harmonization under the achievement of the economic integration in the Maghreb region [J]. North Africa economies review, 2005, (2):7-30
[97] Mouhamed Falah. The fiscal policy, the objectives and the tools: the case of Algeria [D]. University of Algiers, 2006
[98] Mouhamed Talbi. The impacts of taxes privileges on attracting FDI [J]. North Africa economies review, 2009, (6): 313-332
[99] Mouhamed Kourishi. Evaluation of the performance of some banking institutions in Algeria from 1994-2000 [J]. The researcher review, 2004, (3):89-95
[100] Mouhamed Kourishi. Measuring the economic performance in banking institutions; theorical and empirical study on the Algerian banks from 1994-2003 [D]. Doctoral dissertation, University of Algiers, 2006
[101] Mouhamed Ratoul. The transformation of the Algerian Dinar and the question of the sequential devaluation. Paper presented at conference on the Algerian bankingsystem and the economic transformations held at University of shelif, December14-15th, 2004
[102] Mouhamed Ratoul. Evaluating the Algerian currency: the Algerian dinar between the elasticity approach and the re-evaluation [J]. North Africa economies review, 2006, (4): 233-256
[103] Mohamed Said Saadi. Morocco’s joining the WTO: a risky joining. University of saint Josef of Bayreuth’s center of law studies in the Arab world working paper, 2006, 06/20
[104] Mouhamed Hashmawi. The new trends in international trade [D]. Doctoral dissertation, University of Algiers, 2006
[105] Mouhamed Douis. Patents as an indicator to measure the competitiveness of enterprises and countries [D]. Master dissertation, University of Wargla, 2005
[106] Mouhamed Amine Barbari. The implications of the gradual liberalization of the Algerian Dinar on the components of the balance of payment for the period 1990-2003 [D]. Master dissertation, University of Shelif, 2005
[107] Mouhamed Talbi & Mouhamed Sahal. The importance of renewable energies in protecting environment to achieve the sustainable development: the experience of Germany [J]. The researcher review, 2008, (6): 201-211
[108] Mouhamed Bougzala. The impact of liberalization banking services on the Algerian financial system [D]. Master dissertation, University of Algiers, 2006
[109] Mourad Khlifa & Faiza Mimouni. The felonious policy of the Algerian law makers to fight corruption [J]. Journal of Jurisprudence, 2009, (5): 223-248
[110] Nadia Bouasha. The phenomenon of privatization in Algeria [D]. Master dissertation, University Fran?ois Rabelais de Tours, 2005
[111] Nasar Dadi Adoune & Mouhamed Matnawi. The Algeria’s joining the WTO: the objectives and the obstacles[J]. Review of researcher, 2004, (3):65-72
[112] Nasar Dadi Adoune & Houari Maaraj. How customer realize the quality of the banking services [J].North Africa economies review, 2005, (2): 203-232
[113] Nasar Mourad. The fiscal reforms in Algeria [J]. The researcher review, 2003, (2):24-32
[114] Nasar Mourad. The Algerian fiscal system and the search for efficiency [J]. Journal of human sciences, 2008, (38): 15-30
[115] Nasar Slimane. The Algerian banking system and the Basel Accord II. Paper presented at conference on the Algerian banking system and the economic transformations held at University of Chelef, December14-15th, 2004
[116] Nafessa Zarek. Enhacing democratization in Algeria and the question of the state system [D]. Master dissertation, University of Batna, 2009
[117] Nassera Kourish. The dimension and the trends of the strategy of flourishing industry in Algeria [J]. North Africa economies review, 2008, (5):87-106
[118] N. Gregory Mankiw. The principles Of Economics [M]. Beijing: Tsinghua University press, 2009
[119] Omar Sherif. The economic impacts of solar energy in Algeria [J]. The human sciences journal, 2004, (6):8-16
[120] Paul Krugman & Maurice Obstfeld. International Economics theory and policy [M]. Beijing:Tsinghua University press, 2008:223-241
[121] Paul Hilbers. Russell Krueger and Marina Moretti. New Tools for Assessing Financial System Soundness [J]. Finance and development review, 2000, 37(3): 9-21
[122] Piritta Sorsa. Algeria: the real exchange rate, export diversification and trade protection. IMF working paper, 1999, WP/99/49
[123] Raad Erasan. The principles of the international trade [M]. Damascus: Reda publishing press, 2001:261-319
[124] Rachida Shami. The WTO and the developing countries [D]. Doctoral dissertation, university of Algiers, 2007
[125] Rina Bhattacharya. External Sector Reform and Public Enterprise Restructuring. IMF working paper,2000, WP/00/120
[126] Sadak Boushnafa. The implications of the WTO on Algerian industry [D]. Doctoral dissertation, University of Algiers, 2007
[127] Saidi Wassaf. Increasing exports and the economic growth in Algeria: the reality and the challenges [J]. The researcher review, 2002, (1): 6-17
[128] Saliha Ashi. The development impacts of tourism in Algeria, morocco and Tunisia [D]. Master dissertation, University of Batna, 2005
[129] Samir Shnibi. The Algerian foreign trade under the new developments [D]. Master dissertation, University of Algiers, 2006
[130] Samia Boutamine. The implications of joining the WTO [D]. Master dissertation, University of Algiers, 2001
[131] Salah Toumi and Aissa shkabkab. Modeling the Algerian foreign trade for the period 1970-20002006 [J]. the researcher review,2006, (4): 31-40
[132] Salah Meftah. The monetary policy in the reforms period 1990-2000 [D]. Doctoral dissertation, University of Algiers, 2002
[133] Sheila Page Developing countries in GATT/WTO negotiations. Overseas Development Institute working paper, 2002
[134] Slimane Nassar. Adopting the regional integration agreements as strategy to face the challenges of joining the WTO [J]. The researcher review, 2002, (1):82-93
[135] Slimane belawar. The challenges of the WTO to the Arab economic complementality [J]. the researcher review, 2008, (6): 55-67
[136] Souhila Amoukran. The economic corruption: the question of good governance and its relation with the economic growth, an analytical study of the case of Algeria [D]. Doctoral dissertation, University of Algiers, 2006
[137] Soumia Kabir. The performance of the inter- Arab trade 2000-04 [J]. North Africa economies review, 2008, (5): 61-86
[138] SONATRACH annual report [R]. SONATRACH company report, 2007
[139] Stephen G. Cechetti. Money, Banking, and Financial Market [M]. Beijing: Dongbei University press, 2008: 207-211
[140] Steven Husted & Michael Melvin. International economics [M]. Beijing: Dongbei University of finance & Economics press, 2008: 211-251
[141] Stephen D. Gardner. Improving the legal environment for business world wide. Accessed online on November 20th 2010, http://www.cldp.com/
[142] Susan Creane et al. The banking business as a way to economic development [J]. Finance and development review, 2003, 40(1):26-29
[143] Tahar Mabrouki. The role of the Agricultural sector in achieving the food security in the Arab World [J]. The researcher review, 2007, (7): 15-26
[144] Taib Dawdi & Abdelhak Mani. Evaluating the process of privatization the Algerian public economic enterprises in Algeria [J]. The thinker review, 2008, (3):133-154
[145] Taline Koranchelian. The Equilibrium Real Exchange Rate in a Commodity Exporting Country: Algeria’s Experience. IMF working paper, 2005, WP/05/135
[146] Tariq Ashour. The evolution of relationship between the government and the parliament in the Algerian political system [D]. Master dissertation, University of Batna, 2009
[147] The question of the Algeria’s entering to the WTO [R]. The nation council report, 2003
[148] The Algerian official journal [Z]. Algerian official presidential press, 2001
[149] The Algerian official journal [Z]. Algerian official presidential press, 2008
[150] Titus O. Awokuse & Hong Yin. Intellectual property rights protection and the surge in FDI in China [J]. Journal of Comparative Economics, 2009, 38(2): 217-224
[151] Titus O.Awokuse & Hong Yin. Does Stronger Intellectual Property Rights Protection Induce More Bilateral Trade? Evidence from China’s Imports [J]. World development journal, 2009, 38(8): 1094-1104
[152] Understanding WTO [Z]. WTO publication, 2010
[153] Understanding the WTO [Z].WTO publication, 2005
[154] Vito Tanzi Corruption Around the World: Causes, Consequences, Scope, and Cures [J]. IMF economic review, 1998, 45(4): 559-594
[155] Walter G. Park. Does the WTO Matter? A Non-parametric view. American university working paper, 2009, 09/06
[156] Yacine Taib. The Algerian banking system facing the challenges of the financial globalization [J]. The researcher review, 2003, (4):49-75
[157] Yahiya Lakhdar. The role of taxes privileges in enhancing the competitiveness of Algerian economic enterprises [D]. Master dissertation, University of Messila, 2007
[158]格里高利。曼.观经济学[M]。北京:中国人民大学出版社,2005:75-113
[159]托马斯。A。普格尔,铍得。H。林德特.际经济学[M]。北京:经济科学出版社,2001: 225
[160]世界贸易统计[R].世界贸易组织, 2001
[161]世界贸易统计[R].世界贸易组织, 2004
[162]世界贸易统计[R].世界贸易组织, 2008
[163]世界贸易统计[R].世界贸易组织, 2009
①Nassera Kourish. The dimension and the trends of the strategy of flourishing industry in Algeria [J]. North Africa economies review, 2008, (5):87-106
①Sadak Boushnafa. The implications of the WTO on Algerian industry [D]. Doctoral dissertation, University of Algiers, 2007:234
②Nassera Kourish. The dimension and the trends of the strategy of flourishing industry in Algeria [J]. North Africa economies review, 2008, (5):87-106
①Slimane belawar. The challenges of the WTO to the Arab economic complementality [J]. the researcher review, 2008, (6): 55-67
②Fatma touati. The reality and the prospects of the AFTA under the global economic developments [D]. Master dissertation, University of Shelif, 2007: 95
①Habib Mahmoud. The AFTA and the prospect of the Arab economic integration. Damascus University journal of economics and law, 2000, 16(2):273-294
②Basher Messitfa. The way to the Arab unification [N]. Echourouk Elyoumi, Algerian daily,31st of March2010:17
③Soumia Kabir. The performance of the inter- Arab trade 2000-04 [J]. North Africa economies review, 2008, (5): 61-86
①Abdelhamid Zabat. The impacts of the EU-Mediterranean partnership on the Algerian economy [J].North Africa economies review, 2004, (1): 52-67
②Ahmed Aghrout. Embracing free trade: the EU’s economic partnership with Algeria [J]. Review of European economic policy, 2007, 42(2): 96-104
①Dominick selvator. Theories and issues on international economics [M]. New Jersey, Englewood Prentice Hall press, 1995:96
①Mouhamed Said. International trade [M]. Alexandria, Eleshaa press, 2001:445
①Ayat ALLH Mulacen. The implication of Algeria’s joining the WTO on the Algerian foreign trade [D]. University of Biskra, 2004:200
①Francesco Giavazzi & Guido Tabellini. Economic and political liberalizations [J]. Journal of Monetary Economics, 2005, (52):1297–1330
①Algeria : Administrative Reform, Innovation and Maintenance [R]. CAIMED, 2004: 11-12
①Meriem Lashashe. The Algerian banking system: the mutation and prospective. Paper presented at conference on the Algerian banking system and the economic transformations held at University of shelif, December14-15th, 2004:53
②Faiza Laraf. To how extent did the Algerian banking system adapt to the Basel II accord [D]. Master dissertation, University of Messila, 2010: 129
③Salah Meftah. The monetary policy in the reforms period 1990-2000 [D]. Doctoral dissertation, University of Algiers, 2008:229-230
①Kamal Razik & Samir Amour. Evaluation the process of substituting the petroleum taxation by the ordinary taxation in Algeria [J]. North Africa economies review, 2008, (5):319-342
①Algeria: The Transition to a Market Economy [R]. WB report no 12048, 1994:31
①Hocine Bendif. The process of privatization in Algeria : strategy, bulletin and prospective. Paper presented at economic forum held at Switzerland, September 24th, 2008 :3
②Taib Dawdi &Abdelhak Mani. Evaluating the process of privatization the Algerian public economic enterprises in Algeria [J]. The thinker review, 2008, (3):133-154
①Lila Shikha. The international trade related intellectual property and the question of transferring technologies [D]. Master dissertation, University of Batna, 2007:3
①investment guide to Algeria [R]. KPMG, 2009: 326
①Konstantinos D. Patlitzianas & Haris Doukas. A reform strategy of the energy sector of the 12 countries of North Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean [J]. Energy Conversion and Management journal, 2006, (47):1913–1926
②Belkassem Srairi. The role of the energy sector under the global economy and in the prospect of joining the WTO [D]. Master dissertation, University of Batna, 2008:100
③Aissa Mecklid. The Algerian hydrocarbons sector under the economic development [D]. Master dissertation, University of Batna, 2008
①Belkassem Srairi. The role of the energy sector under the global economy and in the prospect of joining the WTO [D]. Master dissertation, University of Batna, 2008
①Samia Boutamine. The implications of joining the WTO [D]. Master dissertation, University of Algiers, 2001:228
②Samir Shnibi. The Algerian foreign trade under the new developments [D]. Master dissertation, University of Algiers, 2006:65
[1] Abd-el-Kader Brines. The marketing in the public services enterprises [D]. Doctoral dissertation University of Algiers, 2007
[2] Abd-el-Kader Elmoukhadmi. The Arab economic complementality [M]. Algiers: University of Algiers press, 2009:175
[3] Abdelhamid Zabat. The impacts of the EU-Mediterranean partnership on the Algerian economy [J]. North Africa economies review, 2004, (1): 52-67
[4] Abdelatif Messitfa. The role and the efficiency of banks in financing the economic activities: the case of Algeria [J]. The researcher review, 2006, (4):75-86
[5] Abdelali Jbili. Klaus enders. Volker Treichel et al. Financial reforms in Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia: a preliminary assessment. IMF working paper, 1997, WP/97/81
[6] Abdelmounaim Elnil. The Impacts of globalization on banks: wholly approach [J]. North Africa economies review, 2005, (3):7-44
[7] Abdelmajid Kadi. The Algerian fiscal system and the challenges of the 3rd millennium. Paper presented at the first national colloquium on the Algerian economy in the 3rd millennium held at the University of Blida, Mai 20-21st, 2002
[8] Abdessalam Makhloufi. The trade related intellectual property: a tool to protect technologies or to monopolize them? [J]. North Africa economies review, 2005, (3): 111-134
[9] Abdullah Aljabere. Economic corruption: its causes, kinds and how to fight it in Islam. Paper presented at the third conference on the Islamic economics, held at the University of Aum Alkoura,SAk, 2005
[10] Abdullah Belwanas. The Algerian economy: the transition from plans to market, to which extent did the economic policies achieve their goals [D]. Doctoral dissertation, University of Algiers, 2005
[11] Abdou Moustafa. The impacts of the political corruption on the sustainable development: the case of Algeria 1995-2006 [D]. Master dissertation, University of Batna, 2008
[12] Abirat Moukadam. The Arab agricultural complementality and the challenges of the WTO [D]. Doctoral dissertation, University of Algiers, 2002
[13] Ahmed Aghrout. Embracing free trade: the EU’s economic partnership with Algeria [J]. Review of European economic policy, 2007, 42(2): 96-104
[14] Ahmed Bashi. The reality of the agricultural sector and the exigency of reforms [J]. The researcher review, 2003, (2): 108-115
[15] Ahmed Bouras. Capital markets [M].Constantine: Algeria, Constantine University press, 2003:159
[16] Ahmed Akkash. Algeria facing globalization: an essay on the new masks of imperialism [M]. Algiers: IAIG press, 2009:117
[17] Aissa Mecklid. The Algerian hydrocarbons sector under the economic development [D]. Master dissertation, University of Batna, 2008
[18] Aissa Mouhoubi. The vulnerability of the petroleum countries and the channels of transmission the crisis. Paper presented at the 4th international colloquial on the international financial crisis and its implications on the economies of MENA, held at Elaurassi Hotel, Algiers on13th December 2009
[19] Alarbi Alarbi. The role of energy in the Maghreb-EU relations; the case of Algeria and Libya [D]. Master dissertation, University of Algiers, 2005
[20] Ali Betahar. The implications of the Algerian banking system reforms on savings and financing development [D]. Doctoral dissertation, University of Algiers, 2006
[21] Ali Betahar. Policies of opening and reforming the Algerian economy [J]. North Africa economies review, 2004, (1):179-212
[22] Algeria’s foreign trade statistics [R]. Algerian customs department report, 2007
[23] Algeria’s foreign trade statistics [R]. Algerian customs department report, 2008
[24] Algeria’s foreign trade statistics [R]. Algerian customs department report, 2009
[25] Algeria’s foreign trade statistics [R]. Algerian customs department report, 2010
[26] Algeria selected issues [R]. IMF, 1998
[27] Algeria recent economic development[R]. IMF, 2000
[28] Algeria, statistical appendixes[R]. IMF, 2001
[29] Algeria; statistical appendixes [R]. IMF, 2006
[30] Algeria, statistical appendixes [R]. IMF, 2009
[31] Algeria, staff report and public information [R]. IMF, 2010
[32] Algeria : Administrative Reform, Innovation and Maintenance[R]. CAIMED, 2004:11-12
[33] Algeria:Privatization Assistance [R]. WB report n 8866, 1994:31
[34] Algeria: The Transition to a Market Economy [R]. WB report n 12048, 1994
[35] Algeria: dairy and products annual [R]. USDA foreign agriculture service, AG9010, 2009
[36] Alazrak Ben Abdullah & Ahmed Oumrani. The Algerian information system in the Algerian legislative framework. Paper presented at the 6th conference on security information environment held at the Saudi Library and information association, Riad6-7th April, 2010
[37] Alessandro Romagnoli& Luisa Mengoni. The challenges of economic integration in the MENA region: from GAFTA and EU-MFTA to small scale Arab Unions [J]. Journal of economic change and restructuring, 2009, 42(1): 69-83
[38] Andrew K. Rose. Do WTO members have more liberal trade policy? [J]. journal of international economics, 2004, (63): 209-235
[39] Andrew K. Rose. Do we really know that WTO increase trade? [J]. The American economic review, 2004, 94(1): 98-114
[40] Andrew K. Rose. Does the WTO make trade more stable? [J]. Open economies review, 2005, (16): 7-22
[41] Ayat ALLH Mulacen. The implication of Algeria’s joining the WTO on the Algerian foreign trade [D]. University of Biskra, 2004:200
[42] Ayash Ansar. The democratization experience in Algeria: the game and the challenges. Paper presented at colloquium on the stumbling blocks to democratization in the Arab world, held at Alahram center of human rights studies, Cairo, 29th February-3rd March, 1996
[43] Ayash Ansar. Political pluralism in Algeria: the reality and the prospect. Paper presented at the conference on the democratization transition in the Arab region, held at the Jordanian institution of Diplomacy, Al Elbit University, Jordan, 18-19th May, 1999.
[44] Azedine bentourki. The new industrial strategy. Paper presented at the national colloquium about development of the Algerian economy, held at University of Batna, 12-13th, December 2009
[45] bank of Algeria semi-annual bulletin [R]. Bank of Algeria, 2010
[46] Bassam Fattouh & Hakim Darboush. North African oil and foreign investment in changing market conditions [J]. Energy policy, 2010, (38):1119-1129
[47] Basher Messitfa. The way to the Arab unification [N]. Echourouk Elyoumi, Algerian daily,31st March2010:17
[48] Basher Messitfa. The EU welcomes the claims of Algeria: the journey of the last chance [N]. Echourouk Elyoumi, Algerian daily, 16th Jun 2010
[49] Basher Messitfa. The Economic corruption: an approach to the conception and the perceptions [J]. Journal of economic studies, 2005, (6): 9-24
[50] Belkassem Srairi. The role of the energy sector under the global economy and in the prospect of joining the WTO [D]. Master dissertation, University of Batna, 2008:100
[51] Bilal Louil. The relation of FDI with the economic growth in Algeria for the period 1995-2005 [D]. Master dissertation, Uuniversity of Algiers, 2007
[52] Brigid Gavin. The Euro-Mediterranean partnership: An experience in North-South-South integration [J]. Review of European economic policy, 2005, 40(6): 353-360
[53] Charles, W, L, Hill: International trade theory [M]. Beijing: Post and Telecom press, 2008:81
[54] Charles, W, L, Hill: International finance [M]. Beijing: Post and Telecom press, 200835
[55] Corruption perception index reports on Middle East and North Africa region [R]. Transparency international CPI report, 2009
[56] Competitiveness report [R]. World Economic Forum, 2010
[57] Darrel Moellendore. The world trade organization and egalitarian justice [J]. Journal of Methaphilosophy, 2005, 36(1): 145-162
[58] Dominick selvator. Theories and issues on international economics [M]. New Jersey: Englewood Prentice Hall press, 1995:96
[59] Dominick selvator. The challenges to the liberal trade system [J]. Journal of policy modeling, 2009, (31): 593-599
[60] Doing business in Algeria [R]. WB, 2010
[61] Economic freedom index report [R].The heritage foundation, 2010
[62] Faiza Laraf. To how extent did the Algerian banking system adapt to the Basel II accord [D]. Master dissertation, University of Messila, 2010
[63] Fatma touati. The reality and the prospects of the AFTA under the global economic developments [D]. Master dissertation, University of Shelif, 2007
[64] Fatma touati. The future of the AFTA under the global economic developments [J]. The researcher review, 2008, (6): 185-199
[65] Fatma Benyoussef. The exchange rate policy in Algeria [D]. Master dissertation, University of Algiers, 2006
[66] Fritz Breuss. WTO dispute settlement: Four EU-US Mini Trade Wars-A Rejoinder [J]. Journal of industry, competition and trade, 2004, (4): 373-378
[67] Francesco Giavazzi & Guido Tabellini. Economic and political liberalizations [J]. Journal of Monetary Economics, 2005, (52):1297–1330
[68] global competitiveness report [R]. The world economic forum, 2010
[69] Gurler Oker. The third ministerial conference of the WTO and the importance of the WTO [J]. Journal of economic cooperation among Islamic countries, 2001, 22(1):15-33
[70] Habib Mahmoud. The AFTA and the prospect of the Arab economic integration. Damascus University journal of economics and law, 2000 16(2):273-294
[71] Hamid Bouzida. The Algerian fiscal system and the challenges of the economic reforms [D]. Doctoral dissertation, University of Algiers, 2006
[72] Hocine Bendif. The process of privatization in Algeria : strategy, bulletin and prospective. Paper presented at economic forum held at Switzerland, September 24th, 2008:3
[73] Ikram Miassi. The implications of the integration into the global economy on the private sector in Algeria [D]. University of Algiers, 2008
[74] Kamal Razik & Samir Amour. Evaluation the process of substituting the petroleum taxation by the ordinary taxation in Algeria [J]. North Africa economies review, 2008, (5):319-342
[75] Kristina Kaush & Richard Youngs. Algeria: democratic transition case study. Center on Democracy, Development, and The Rule of Law, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies at Stanford University working paper,2008, 08/84
[76] Kamal Razik & Samir Amoura. Evaluation the subsititution of the petroleum taxation by ordinary taxation [J]. North Africa economies review, 2008, (5): 319-342
[77] Karim Nashashibi. Fiscal revenues in south Mediterranean countries: vulnerabilities and growth potential. IMF working paper, 2002, WP/02/67
[78] Konstantinos D. Patlitzianas & Haris Doukas. A reform strategy of the energy sector of the 12 countries of North Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean [J]. Energy Conversion and Management journal, 2006, (47):1913–1926
[79] investment guide to Algeria [R]. KPMG, 2006
[80] investment guide to Algeria [R]. KPMG, 2009
[81] Investment climate in Arab countries [R]. The Arab investment and export credit guarantee corporation (IAIGC), 2009
[82] Joint Arab economic report [R]. AMF, 2008
[83] Javier Sua & Marcelo Olarreaga. Does Globalization Cause a Higher Concentration of International Trade and Investment flows?. WTO working paper, 1998, 98/08
[84] Jamela Jouzi. The reality and the prospects of the Arab economic integration [J]. North Africa economies review, 2008, (5): 25-44
[85] Judith L, Glodeston & Douglas Rivers and Michael Toms. Understanding the effect of the GATT and WTO on international trade. Institutions in international relation, Stanford University working paper
[86] Lila Shikha. The international trade related intellectual property and the question of transferring technologies [D]. Master dissertation, University of Batna, 2007
[87] Mark Hayes. Algerian gas to Europe: the transmed pipeline and early Spanish gas import projects. Stanford University Institute for International Studies’Center of Environmental Science and Policy working paper, 2004, 04/27
[88] Mehdi Abas. The process of joining the WTO: an analysis of the political economics in Algeria. Economy of production and international integration center working paper, 2008, 08/13
[89] Mehdi Abas. The Algeria’s joining the WTO between openness and constraints. Economy of production and international integration center working paper, 2009, 09/03
[90] Mehdi Abas. The Algerian joining the WTO: which strategy for which globalization. Economy of production and international integration center working paper, 2009, 09/08,
[91] Meriem Lashashe. The Algerian banking system: the mutation and prospective. Paper presented at conference on the Algerian banking system and the economic transformations held at University of shelif, December14-15th, 2004:53
[92] Michel Roche. The Russia joining the WTO, what issues?. University of Quebec at Montreal’s center of international relations and globalization working paper 2004, 04/03
[93] Mouhamed Said. International trade [M]. Alexandria: Eleshaa press, 2001:445
[94] Mouhamed Alfara. The question of producing food in the Arab world [M]. Kuwait: the Kuwait culture council press, 1979
[95] Mouhamed Hacen Alawi. The new approach of regional economic complementality [J]. The researcher review, 2010, (7): 107-122
[96] Mouhamed Meharzi. The fiscal harmonization under the achievement of the economic integration in the Maghreb region [J]. North Africa economies review, 2005, (2):7-30
[97] Mouhamed Falah. The fiscal policy, the objectives and the tools: the case of Algeria [D]. University of Algiers, 2006
[98] Mouhamed Talbi. The impacts of taxes privileges on attracting FDI [J]. North Africa economies review, 2009, (6): 313-332
[99] Mouhamed Kourishi. Evaluation of the performance of some banking institutions in Algeria from 1994-2000 [J]. The researcher review, 2004, (3):89-95
[100] Mouhamed Kourishi. Measuring the economic performance in banking institutions; theorical and empirical study on the Algerian banks from 1994-2003 [D]. Doctoral dissertation, University of Algiers, 2006
[101] Mouhamed Ratoul. The transformation of the Algerian Dinar and the question of the sequential devaluation. Paper presented at conference on the Algerian bankingsystem and the economic transformations held at University of shelif, December14-15th, 2004
[102] Mouhamed Ratoul. Evaluating the Algerian currency: the Algerian dinar between the elasticity approach and the re-evaluation [J]. North Africa economies review, 2006, (4): 233-256
[103] Mohamed Said Saadi. Morocco’s joining the WTO: a risky joining. University of saint Josef of Bayreuth’s center of law studies in the Arab world working paper, 2006, 06/20
[104] Mouhamed Hashmawi. The new trends in international trade [D]. Doctoral dissertation, University of Algiers, 2006
[105] Mouhamed Douis. Patents as an indicator to measure the competitiveness of enterprises and countries [D]. Master dissertation, University of Wargla, 2005
[106] Mouhamed Amine Barbari. The implications of the gradual liberalization of the Algerian Dinar on the components of the balance of payment for the period 1990-2003 [D]. Master dissertation, University of Shelif, 2005
[107] Mouhamed Talbi & Mouhamed Sahal. The importance of renewable energies in protecting environment to achieve the sustainable development: the experience of Germany [J]. The researcher review, 2008, (6): 201-211
[108] Mouhamed Bougzala. The impact of liberalization banking services on the Algerian financial system [D]. Master dissertation, University of Algiers, 2006
[109] Mourad Khlifa & Faiza Mimouni. The felonious policy of the Algerian law makers to fight corruption [J]. Journal of Jurisprudence, 2009, (5): 223-248
[110] Nadia Bouasha. The phenomenon of privatization in Algeria [D]. Master dissertation, University Fran?ois Rabelais de Tours, 2005
[111] Nasar Dadi Adoune & Mouhamed Matnawi. The Algeria’s joining the WTO: the objectives and the obstacles[J]. Review of researcher, 2004, (3):65-72
[112] Nasar Dadi Adoune & Houari Maaraj. How customer realize the quality of the banking services [J].North Africa economies review, 2005, (2): 203-232
[113] Nasar Mourad. The fiscal reforms in Algeria [J]. The researcher review, 2003, (2):24-32
[114] Nasar Mourad. The Algerian fiscal system and the search for efficiency [J]. Journal of human sciences, 2008, (38): 15-30
[115] Nasar Slimane. The Algerian banking system and the Basel Accord II. Paper presented at conference on the Algerian banking system and the economic transformations held at University of Chelef, December14-15th, 2004
[116] Nafessa Zarek. Enhacing democratization in Algeria and the question of the state system [D]. Master dissertation, University of Batna, 2009
[117] Nassera Kourish. The dimension and the trends of the strategy of flourishing industry in Algeria [J]. North Africa economies review, 2008, (5):87-106
[118] N. Gregory Mankiw. The principles Of Economics [M]. Beijing: Tsinghua University press, 2009
[119] Omar Sherif. The economic impacts of solar energy in Algeria [J]. The human sciences journal, 2004, (6):8-16
[120] Paul Krugman & Maurice Obstfeld. International Economics theory and policy [M]. Beijing:Tsinghua University press, 2008:223-241
[121] Paul Hilbers. Russell Krueger and Marina Moretti. New Tools for Assessing Financial System Soundness [J]. Finance and development review, 2000, 37(3): 9-21
[122] Piritta Sorsa. Algeria: the real exchange rate, export diversification and trade protection. IMF working paper, 1999, WP/99/49
[123] Raad Erasan. The principles of the international trade [M]. Damascus: Reda publishing press, 2001:261-319
[124] Rachida Shami. The WTO and the developing countries [D]. Doctoral dissertation, university of Algiers, 2007
[125] Rina Bhattacharya. External Sector Reform and Public Enterprise Restructuring. IMF working paper,2000, WP/00/120
[126] Sadak Boushnafa. The implications of the WTO on Algerian industry [D]. Doctoral dissertation, University of Algiers, 2007
[127] Saidi Wassaf. Increasing exports and the economic growth in Algeria: the reality and the challenges [J]. The researcher review, 2002, (1): 6-17
[128] Saliha Ashi. The development impacts of tourism in Algeria, morocco and Tunisia [D]. Master dissertation, University of Batna, 2005
[129] Samir Shnibi. The Algerian foreign trade under the new developments [D]. Master dissertation, University of Algiers, 2006
[130] Samia Boutamine. The implications of joining the WTO [D]. Master dissertation, University of Algiers, 2001
[131] Salah Toumi and Aissa shkabkab. Modeling the Algerian foreign trade for the period 1970-20002006 [J]. the researcher review,2006, (4): 31-40
[132] Salah Meftah. The monetary policy in the reforms period 1990-2000 [D]. Doctoral dissertation, University of Algiers, 2002
[133] Sheila Page Developing countries in GATT/WTO negotiations. Overseas Development Institute working paper, 2002
[134] Slimane Nassar. Adopting the regional integration agreements as strategy to face the challenges of joining the WTO [J]. The researcher review, 2002, (1):82-93
[135] Slimane belawar. The challenges of the WTO to the Arab economic complementality [J]. the researcher review, 2008, (6): 55-67
[136] Souhila Amoukran. The economic corruption: the question of good governance and its relation with the economic growth, an analytical study of the case of Algeria [D]. Doctoral dissertation, University of Algiers, 2006
[137] Soumia Kabir. The performance of the inter- Arab trade 2000-04 [J]. North Africa economies review, 2008, (5): 61-86
[138] SONATRACH annual report [R]. SONATRACH company report, 2007
[139] Stephen G. Cechetti. Money, Banking, and Financial Market [M]. Beijing: Dongbei University press, 2008: 207-211
[140] Steven Husted & Michael Melvin. International economics [M]. Beijing: Dongbei University of finance & Economics press, 2008: 211-251
[141] Stephen D. Gardner. Improving the legal environment for business world wide. Accessed online on November 20th 2010, http://www.cldp.com/
[142] Susan Creane et al. The banking business as a way to economic development [J]. Finance and development review, 2003, 40(1):26-29
[143] Tahar Mabrouki. The role of the Agricultural sector in achieving the food security in the Arab World [J]. The researcher review, 2007, (7): 15-26
[144] Taib Dawdi & Abdelhak Mani. Evaluating the process of privatization the Algerian public economic enterprises in Algeria [J]. The thinker review, 2008, (3):133-154
[145] Taline Koranchelian. The Equilibrium Real Exchange Rate in a Commodity Exporting Country: Algeria’s Experience. IMF working paper, 2005, WP/05/135
[146] Tariq Ashour. The evolution of relationship between the government and the parliament in the Algerian political system [D]. Master dissertation, University of Batna, 2009
[147] The question of the Algeria’s entering to the WTO [R]. The nation council report, 2003
[148] The Algerian official journal [Z]. Algerian official presidential press, 2001
[149] The Algerian official journal [Z]. Algerian official presidential press, 2008
[150] Titus O. Awokuse & Hong Yin. Intellectual property rights protection and the surge in FDI in China [J]. Journal of Comparative Economics, 2009, 38(2): 217-224
[151] Titus O.Awokuse & Hong Yin. Does Stronger Intellectual Property Rights Protection Induce More Bilateral Trade? Evidence from China’s Imports [J]. World development journal, 2009, 38(8): 1094-1104
[152] Understanding WTO [Z]. WTO publication, 2010
[153] Understanding the WTO [Z].WTO publication, 2005
[154] Vito Tanzi Corruption Around the World: Causes, Consequences, Scope, and Cures [J]. IMF economic review, 1998, 45(4): 559-594
[155] Walter G. Park. Does the WTO Matter? A Non-parametric view. American university working paper, 2009, 09/06
[156] Yacine Taib. The Algerian banking system facing the challenges of the financial globalization [J]. The researcher review, 2003, (4):49-75
[157] Yahiya Lakhdar. The role of taxes privileges in enhancing the competitiveness of Algerian economic enterprises [D]. Master dissertation, University of Messila, 2007
[158]格里高利。曼.观经济学[M]。北京:中国人民大学出版社,2005:75-113
[159]托马斯。A。普格尔,铍得。H。林德特.际经济学[M]。北京:经济科学出版社,2001: 225
[160]世界贸易统计[R].世界贸易组织, 2001
[161]世界贸易统计[R].世界贸易组织, 2004
[162]世界贸易统计[R].世界贸易组织, 2008
[163]世界贸易统计[R].世界贸易组织, 2009