面向虚拟企业互操作的模型语义知识表示及映射方法
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摘要
随着信息化技术的发展和市场竞争的加剧,采用柔性的、敏捷的组织模式是制造企业提高其竞争力的重要手段之一。建立虚拟企业(Virtual Enterprise, VE)是企业适应变化的市场需求,迅速开发出高质量、低成本的产品的主要手段。虚拟企业的组织建立是一个多阶段、多企业参与、多领域的复杂的决策过程,它涉及到各个伙伴企业模型、虚拟企业模型以及基于公共信息网络而建立的全球化伙伴之间的合作关系。分布的伙伴企业模型之间的异构性成为虚拟企业互操作(Interoperability)的主要障碍,如何利用语义互操作方法解决伙伴企业模型之间的语义冲突,支持虚拟企业组建和运行过程中的知识共享和协作,已经成为虚拟企业面临的一个重要的研究主题。
为了满足虚拟企业组建和运行过程中的模型语义互操作需求,在虚拟企业模型化技术的背景下,本文借助于本体论技术,从虚拟企业模型的语义知识表示、虚拟企业模型语义操作和伙伴企业模型之间的语义互操作三个方面,深入地分析了虚拟企业模型的结构和语义,提出并且研究了实现虚拟企业互操作所涉及的关键问题。首先,为了表示虚拟企业模型语义知识,在本体论的帮助下,提出了虚拟企业模型语义的本体表示模式及其描述语言;然后,以本体表示模式为基础,研究了支持模型语义互操作的虚拟企业本体建立方法及其操作算法;最后,在虚拟企业本体的支持下,研究了伙伴企业模型之间的语义映射方法。本文的主要研究工作包括以下三个方面:
(1)虚拟企业模型语义知识表示方面。针对虚拟企业的分布性和虚拟企业模型的多视图等特点,为了描述虚拟企业模型的语义知识结构,统一异构的伙伴企业模型的语义,本文在本体论的支持下,研究了面向虚拟企业模型的语义知识表示问题。首先,在虚拟企业模型及其语义分析的基础上,提出了基于本体-规则的虚拟企业知识模型,研究了面向虚拟企业模型语义的图形化的本体表示模式;为了描述虚拟企业模型的本体表示模式,定义了基于XML语义扩展的本体表示语言,描述了它的元素、语义片断和DTD定义。
(2)虚拟企业模型语义操作方面。为了支持虚拟企业模型语义互操作,保证虚拟企业模型语义的一致性和完整性,研究了虚拟企业模型语义提取和操作问题。首先,基于模型语义标记的应用和语义标记规则的描述,研究了基于语义标记的虚拟企业本体建立方法,定义了描述虚拟企业本体的类的结构,研究了本体的一致性检查规则及其实现算法;针对虚拟企业本体建立和管理过程中的模型语义操作需求,从算法目标、本体操作、算法描述和复杂性分析四个方面研究了几种本体操作算法。
(3)虚拟企业模型语义互操作方面。为了解决虚拟企业中异构的伙伴企业模型之间的语义冲突,在虚拟企业本体的支持下,研究了虚拟企业模型语义互操作问题。首先,在分析了虚拟企业中模型语义冲突的基础上,比较了直接的和间接的两种互操作的方式及其互操作代价,描述了基于本体表示模式的虚拟企业模型语义互操作框架;为了支持虚拟企业模型语义互操作过程,提出了一种基于本体表示模式的模型语义映射方法,描述了虚拟企业中伙伴企业模型语义冲突解决过程;在模型语义相似度计算的基础上,研究了支持模型语义冲突发现的模型语义匹配算法;在模型语义匹配的基础上,研究了支持模型语义冲突解决的映射规则描述、映射有效性分析以及模型语义映射算法,利用模型-本体和本体-模型的两步映射实现虚拟企业中伙伴企业模型之间的语义互操作。
最后,为了验证理论研究的成果,在系统体系结构和功能结构设计的基础上,实现了虚拟企业模型语义管理系统,结合哈飞路宝汽车发动机的应用案例,验证了本文提出的理论与方法,分析了理论验证效果。
With the development of information technology and the increasingly fierce market competition, it is one of importance means for manufacturing enterprise to adopt flexible and agile organization mode to improve its competitive ability. Building virtual enterprise is the main approach to help manufacturing enterprise develop high-quality and low-cost products to meet fierce market requirement. Virtual enterprise building is a complicated process with multi-phase, multi-enterprise participation and multi-field, which is related to partner enterprise model, virtual enterprise model and international partnership based on the common information network. The heterogeneity among distributed partner enterprise models makes a big block to virtual enterprise interoperability. It has already become a major research issue for virtual enterprise how to resolve semantic clashes among partner enterprise models using semantic interoperability approach in order to support knowledge sharing and collaboration in the process of virtual enterprise building and running.
To meet the requirement of model semantic interoperability in the process of virtual enterprise building and running, this paper aims at researching the problem related to virtual enterprise interoperability by virtue of ontology under the background of virtual enterprise modeling technology. The research is organized from three aspects of model semantic knowledge representation, virtual enterprise model semantic operation and semantic interoperability among partner enterprise models based on the analysis of structure and semantic of virtual enterprise model.
Firstly, an ontology representation schema and its representation language are proposed to represent the semantic knowledge of virtual enterprise model by virtue of ontology. Furthermore, the construction and operation of virtual enterprise ontology which is used to support model semantic interoperability are researched based on ontology representation schema. Finally, semantic mapping approach among partner enterprise models is researched with the help of virtual enterprise ontology. The researches are done as follows:
(1) Semantic knowledge representation of virtual enterprise model. Aiming at the distribution of virtual enterprise and the multi-views characteristics of virtual enterprise model, the problem of model semantic knowledge representation is researched to describe the knowledge structure of virtual enterprise model and unifying the semantic of virtual enterprise model by virtue of ontology. Firstly, virtual enterprise knowledge model based on ontology-rule is proposed with the description of virtual enterprise model and its semantic, a graphic ontology representation schema oriented to virtual enterprise model semantic is researched. Then, a new ontology representation language based on semantic extension of XML is defined and its elements, semantic sections and DTD are described.
(2) Semantic operation of virtual enterprise model. In order to support semantic interoperability of virtual enterprise model and ensure the consistency and integrity of virtual enterprise model, semantic extraction and operation of virtual enterprise model are researched based on ontology representation schema. Firstly, a approach to virtual enterprise ontology construction based on semantic annotation is proposed based on the analysis of semantic annotation application and the description of semantic annotation rule. Furthermore, a consistency checking algorithm based on consistency rules is researched with the class definition related to virtual enterprise ontology. Finally, several algorithms are researched to support model semantic operation from four aspects of algorithm objects, ontology operation, algorithm description and flexibility analysis aiming to meet the requirement of ontology operation in the process of virtual enterprise ontology construction and management.
(3) Semantic interoperability of virtual enterprise model. In order to resolve the semantic clashes among heterogeneous partner enterprise models in the virtual enterprise, the problem of semantic interoperability of virtual enterprise model is researched by virtue of virtual enterprise ontology. Firstly, based on the analysis of virtual enterprise model semantic clashes, a semantic interoperability framework for virtual enterprise model is proposed by comparing direct and indirect interoperability fashions and their interoperability complexity. Then, an approach to semantic mapping of virtual enterprise model based on ontology representation schema is proposed to support semantic interoperability of virtual enterprise model. Moreover, a model semantic match algorithm is researched to find semantic clashes based on the definition of semantic affinity functions. Finally, in order to support the semantic clash resolving of heterogeneous partner enterprise models, description of semantic mapping rule, validation analysis and model semantic mapping algorithm are illustrated based on model semantic match, which realizes the semantic interoperability among partner enterprise models in the virtual enterprise through two mappings of model-ontology and ontology-model.
Finally, in order to prove theoretics of the thesis, a prototype system of virtual enterprise model semantic management system was developed based on the design of system architecture and system structure. With practical case of HF automobile engine, the theories and approaches proposed in this paper is demonstrated and the demonstrative effect is analyzed.
为了满足虚拟企业组建和运行过程中的模型语义互操作需求,在虚拟企业模型化技术的背景下,本文借助于本体论技术,从虚拟企业模型的语义知识表示、虚拟企业模型语义操作和伙伴企业模型之间的语义互操作三个方面,深入地分析了虚拟企业模型的结构和语义,提出并且研究了实现虚拟企业互操作所涉及的关键问题。首先,为了表示虚拟企业模型语义知识,在本体论的帮助下,提出了虚拟企业模型语义的本体表示模式及其描述语言;然后,以本体表示模式为基础,研究了支持模型语义互操作的虚拟企业本体建立方法及其操作算法;最后,在虚拟企业本体的支持下,研究了伙伴企业模型之间的语义映射方法。本文的主要研究工作包括以下三个方面:
(1)虚拟企业模型语义知识表示方面。针对虚拟企业的分布性和虚拟企业模型的多视图等特点,为了描述虚拟企业模型的语义知识结构,统一异构的伙伴企业模型的语义,本文在本体论的支持下,研究了面向虚拟企业模型的语义知识表示问题。首先,在虚拟企业模型及其语义分析的基础上,提出了基于本体-规则的虚拟企业知识模型,研究了面向虚拟企业模型语义的图形化的本体表示模式;为了描述虚拟企业模型的本体表示模式,定义了基于XML语义扩展的本体表示语言,描述了它的元素、语义片断和DTD定义。
(2)虚拟企业模型语义操作方面。为了支持虚拟企业模型语义互操作,保证虚拟企业模型语义的一致性和完整性,研究了虚拟企业模型语义提取和操作问题。首先,基于模型语义标记的应用和语义标记规则的描述,研究了基于语义标记的虚拟企业本体建立方法,定义了描述虚拟企业本体的类的结构,研究了本体的一致性检查规则及其实现算法;针对虚拟企业本体建立和管理过程中的模型语义操作需求,从算法目标、本体操作、算法描述和复杂性分析四个方面研究了几种本体操作算法。
(3)虚拟企业模型语义互操作方面。为了解决虚拟企业中异构的伙伴企业模型之间的语义冲突,在虚拟企业本体的支持下,研究了虚拟企业模型语义互操作问题。首先,在分析了虚拟企业中模型语义冲突的基础上,比较了直接的和间接的两种互操作的方式及其互操作代价,描述了基于本体表示模式的虚拟企业模型语义互操作框架;为了支持虚拟企业模型语义互操作过程,提出了一种基于本体表示模式的模型语义映射方法,描述了虚拟企业中伙伴企业模型语义冲突解决过程;在模型语义相似度计算的基础上,研究了支持模型语义冲突发现的模型语义匹配算法;在模型语义匹配的基础上,研究了支持模型语义冲突解决的映射规则描述、映射有效性分析以及模型语义映射算法,利用模型-本体和本体-模型的两步映射实现虚拟企业中伙伴企业模型之间的语义互操作。
最后,为了验证理论研究的成果,在系统体系结构和功能结构设计的基础上,实现了虚拟企业模型语义管理系统,结合哈飞路宝汽车发动机的应用案例,验证了本文提出的理论与方法,分析了理论验证效果。
With the development of information technology and the increasingly fierce market competition, it is one of importance means for manufacturing enterprise to adopt flexible and agile organization mode to improve its competitive ability. Building virtual enterprise is the main approach to help manufacturing enterprise develop high-quality and low-cost products to meet fierce market requirement. Virtual enterprise building is a complicated process with multi-phase, multi-enterprise participation and multi-field, which is related to partner enterprise model, virtual enterprise model and international partnership based on the common information network. The heterogeneity among distributed partner enterprise models makes a big block to virtual enterprise interoperability. It has already become a major research issue for virtual enterprise how to resolve semantic clashes among partner enterprise models using semantic interoperability approach in order to support knowledge sharing and collaboration in the process of virtual enterprise building and running.
To meet the requirement of model semantic interoperability in the process of virtual enterprise building and running, this paper aims at researching the problem related to virtual enterprise interoperability by virtue of ontology under the background of virtual enterprise modeling technology. The research is organized from three aspects of model semantic knowledge representation, virtual enterprise model semantic operation and semantic interoperability among partner enterprise models based on the analysis of structure and semantic of virtual enterprise model.
Firstly, an ontology representation schema and its representation language are proposed to represent the semantic knowledge of virtual enterprise model by virtue of ontology. Furthermore, the construction and operation of virtual enterprise ontology which is used to support model semantic interoperability are researched based on ontology representation schema. Finally, semantic mapping approach among partner enterprise models is researched with the help of virtual enterprise ontology. The researches are done as follows:
(1) Semantic knowledge representation of virtual enterprise model. Aiming at the distribution of virtual enterprise and the multi-views characteristics of virtual enterprise model, the problem of model semantic knowledge representation is researched to describe the knowledge structure of virtual enterprise model and unifying the semantic of virtual enterprise model by virtue of ontology. Firstly, virtual enterprise knowledge model based on ontology-rule is proposed with the description of virtual enterprise model and its semantic, a graphic ontology representation schema oriented to virtual enterprise model semantic is researched. Then, a new ontology representation language based on semantic extension of XML is defined and its elements, semantic sections and DTD are described.
(2) Semantic operation of virtual enterprise model. In order to support semantic interoperability of virtual enterprise model and ensure the consistency and integrity of virtual enterprise model, semantic extraction and operation of virtual enterprise model are researched based on ontology representation schema. Firstly, a approach to virtual enterprise ontology construction based on semantic annotation is proposed based on the analysis of semantic annotation application and the description of semantic annotation rule. Furthermore, a consistency checking algorithm based on consistency rules is researched with the class definition related to virtual enterprise ontology. Finally, several algorithms are researched to support model semantic operation from four aspects of algorithm objects, ontology operation, algorithm description and flexibility analysis aiming to meet the requirement of ontology operation in the process of virtual enterprise ontology construction and management.
(3) Semantic interoperability of virtual enterprise model. In order to resolve the semantic clashes among heterogeneous partner enterprise models in the virtual enterprise, the problem of semantic interoperability of virtual enterprise model is researched by virtue of virtual enterprise ontology. Firstly, based on the analysis of virtual enterprise model semantic clashes, a semantic interoperability framework for virtual enterprise model is proposed by comparing direct and indirect interoperability fashions and their interoperability complexity. Then, an approach to semantic mapping of virtual enterprise model based on ontology representation schema is proposed to support semantic interoperability of virtual enterprise model. Moreover, a model semantic match algorithm is researched to find semantic clashes based on the definition of semantic affinity functions. Finally, in order to support the semantic clash resolving of heterogeneous partner enterprise models, description of semantic mapping rule, validation analysis and model semantic mapping algorithm are illustrated based on model semantic match, which realizes the semantic interoperability among partner enterprise models in the virtual enterprise through two mappings of model-ontology and ontology-model.
Finally, in order to prove theoretics of the thesis, a prototype system of virtual enterprise model semantic management system was developed based on the design of system architecture and system structure. With practical case of HF automobile engine, the theories and approaches proposed in this paper is demonstrated and the demonstrative effect is analyzed.
引文
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