Mg-Al-Sr-RE合金及其组织性能研究
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摘要
镁合金是目前实际应用中最轻的金属结构材料,具有比重小,比强度和比刚度高,切削加工性好以及良好的电磁屏蔽性和可回收利用等优点,被广泛地应用于航空航天、3C电子产品及交通运输等领域。但一些常用镁合金性能还不能完全满足汽车传动等部件的要求,主要是这些镁合金强韧性不够理想,特别是高温情况下镁合金的强度比较低、抗蠕变性能差等。
目前,用途较广、综合性能较好的工业镁合金中主要的合金元素都含有A1。Mg17Al12是Mg-Al系列合金最重要的强化相,但Mg17Al12相的熔点低、热稳定性差,并且常以网状存在。实践表明,合金化可以有效的提高合金的综合力学性能,而镁合金的综合力学性能与其晶粒大小有着极其密切的关系。通过细化镁合金晶粒,可以提高镁合金的综合力学性能。众多的文献研究表明,稀土、碱土元素Sr对镁合金晶粒组织具有较好的细化作用。因此,本文通过采用Mg、Al、Sr、RE合金配比研究来确定Sr、RE在Mg-Al基镁合金中的存在方式以及强化机制。
本研究采用“对掺法”制备了Mg-Sr中间合金、AJ62镁合金以及不同Y、Nd含量的AJ62合金;通过XRD分析、EDS能谱分析研究了不同Y、Nd含量对AJ62合金微观组织影响,并对其分别进行力学性能测试;通过SEM对拉伸断口形貌进行分析,确定其断裂机制。
研究结果表明:
①Mg-4Sr中间合金相由a-Mg相、Mg17Sr2相组成,Mg17Sr2相主要沿晶界分布;Mg-6Al-2Sr合金中相由a-Mg相、Mg17Al12相以及Al4Sr相组成,其中Al4Sr相主要沿晶界分布;
②稀土元素Y具有细化镁合金组织的作用。在Y的添加量为1.5wt%时,AJ62+Y的晶粒最细小。通过XRD和EDS能谱分析表明,Y的添加在合金中形成了Al2Y、Al3Y高温硬质新相,并且在晶界、晶内均有分布。力学性能测试结果表明含1.5wt%Y时AJ62合金的力学性能均达到最优值,抗拉强度比未添加Y时提高了20.6%,屈服强度提高了24.6%,延伸率提高了52.9%。拉伸断口形貌分析确定其断裂机制主要为准解理断裂;
③Nd同样具有细化镁合金组织的作用。在Nd含量为0.5wt%时,合金的组织细化效果较好;通过XRD以及EDS能谱分析表明,稀土元素Nd的添加在合金中形成了Al2Nd、Al3Nd高温硬质新相,并在晶界以及晶内分布,力学性能测试结果表明Nd含量在0.5wt%时,镁合金的力学性能最佳,抗拉强度比未添加稀土Nd提高了13.5%,屈服强度提高了15.9%,延伸率提高了49.1%。拉伸断口SEM分析确定其断裂机制为准解理断裂。
Magnesium alloy is one of the lightest metal structure materials in the practical application, which have many special advantages, such as low density, high specific strength, high specific rigidity, good machinability, good electromagnetie shielding performance and easy recycling etc. They have been successfully used in various structures such as navigation, space flight, 3C product, power tool and traffic etc. However, the commercial die casting magnesium alloys fail to meet the requirement of drive train and other systems in automobiles. This is mainly on account of their imperfect strength and toughness, especially the weak strength in high temperature.
At present, Al is the main alloying elements in the major industrial magnesium alloys. Mg17Al12 is the most important strengthening phase for Mg-Al series alloys, but its low melting point, poor stability and reticular existing in magnesium alloys. Practice shows that alloying can effectively improve the mechanical properties. The sizes of crystalline grains affect the mechanics properties of the magnesium alloys. Research shows that rare earth and alkaline earth elements Sr have a better refinement on magnesium alloys grain organizations. Therefore, this paper adopt the Mg, Al, Sr and RE alloys to determine the existing way and strengthening mechanism of RE and Sr in Mg-Al based Alloys.
In this paper, Mg-Sr master alloys, AJ62 magnesium alloy and various Y, Nd content of the AJ62 alloy were prepared by "mixture method". Then the microstructure of various Y, Nd content of the AJ62 alloy were analyzed by XRD and EDS, and also the mechanical properties were tested, Finally the fracture morphology were studied and determined the fracture mechanism by SEM.
The results show that:
①Mg-4Sr master alloy is consist of a-Mg, Mg17Sr2, and Mg17Sr2 is distributed along the boundary of matrix grain. Mg-6Al-2Sr is consisted of a-Mg、Mg17Al12 and Al4Sr, and Al4Sr is distributed along grain boundaries.
②Y ,rare earth elements, has refining effect on magnesium alloy structure. While adding 1.5wt% Y, the grain of AJ62+Y is finest. XRD and EDS show that new high-temperature and hard phases Al2Y and Al3Y are formed in the alloys, which are distributed in grain boundary and intragranular after adding Y. The mechanical property test shows that containing 1.5wt% Y, AJ62 alloy reached the best mechanical properties, which tensile strength, yielding strength and elongation respectively improves 20.6%,24.6% and 52.9%, and the fracture mechanism mainly are cleavage fracture and quasi-cleavage fracture.
③Nd has refining effect on alloy grain structure too. When containing 0.5wt% Nd, the structure refinement effect of the alloy is best; XRD Analysis and EDS spectrum show that with adding Nd the alloy formed the high-temperature and hard new phases Al2Nd and Al3Nd, The mechanical property test shows that containing 0.5wt% Nd, the alloy reached the best mechanical properties, which tensile strength, yielding strength and elongation respectively improves 13.5%, 15.9% and 49.1%, and the fracture morphology mechanism mainly is quasi-cleavage fracture.
目前,用途较广、综合性能较好的工业镁合金中主要的合金元素都含有A1。Mg17Al12是Mg-Al系列合金最重要的强化相,但Mg17Al12相的熔点低、热稳定性差,并且常以网状存在。实践表明,合金化可以有效的提高合金的综合力学性能,而镁合金的综合力学性能与其晶粒大小有着极其密切的关系。通过细化镁合金晶粒,可以提高镁合金的综合力学性能。众多的文献研究表明,稀土、碱土元素Sr对镁合金晶粒组织具有较好的细化作用。因此,本文通过采用Mg、Al、Sr、RE合金配比研究来确定Sr、RE在Mg-Al基镁合金中的存在方式以及强化机制。
本研究采用“对掺法”制备了Mg-Sr中间合金、AJ62镁合金以及不同Y、Nd含量的AJ62合金;通过XRD分析、EDS能谱分析研究了不同Y、Nd含量对AJ62合金微观组织影响,并对其分别进行力学性能测试;通过SEM对拉伸断口形貌进行分析,确定其断裂机制。
研究结果表明:
①Mg-4Sr中间合金相由a-Mg相、Mg17Sr2相组成,Mg17Sr2相主要沿晶界分布;Mg-6Al-2Sr合金中相由a-Mg相、Mg17Al12相以及Al4Sr相组成,其中Al4Sr相主要沿晶界分布;
②稀土元素Y具有细化镁合金组织的作用。在Y的添加量为1.5wt%时,AJ62+Y的晶粒最细小。通过XRD和EDS能谱分析表明,Y的添加在合金中形成了Al2Y、Al3Y高温硬质新相,并且在晶界、晶内均有分布。力学性能测试结果表明含1.5wt%Y时AJ62合金的力学性能均达到最优值,抗拉强度比未添加Y时提高了20.6%,屈服强度提高了24.6%,延伸率提高了52.9%。拉伸断口形貌分析确定其断裂机制主要为准解理断裂;
③Nd同样具有细化镁合金组织的作用。在Nd含量为0.5wt%时,合金的组织细化效果较好;通过XRD以及EDS能谱分析表明,稀土元素Nd的添加在合金中形成了Al2Nd、Al3Nd高温硬质新相,并在晶界以及晶内分布,力学性能测试结果表明Nd含量在0.5wt%时,镁合金的力学性能最佳,抗拉强度比未添加稀土Nd提高了13.5%,屈服强度提高了15.9%,延伸率提高了49.1%。拉伸断口SEM分析确定其断裂机制为准解理断裂。
Magnesium alloy is one of the lightest metal structure materials in the practical application, which have many special advantages, such as low density, high specific strength, high specific rigidity, good machinability, good electromagnetie shielding performance and easy recycling etc. They have been successfully used in various structures such as navigation, space flight, 3C product, power tool and traffic etc. However, the commercial die casting magnesium alloys fail to meet the requirement of drive train and other systems in automobiles. This is mainly on account of their imperfect strength and toughness, especially the weak strength in high temperature.
At present, Al is the main alloying elements in the major industrial magnesium alloys. Mg17Al12 is the most important strengthening phase for Mg-Al series alloys, but its low melting point, poor stability and reticular existing in magnesium alloys. Practice shows that alloying can effectively improve the mechanical properties. The sizes of crystalline grains affect the mechanics properties of the magnesium alloys. Research shows that rare earth and alkaline earth elements Sr have a better refinement on magnesium alloys grain organizations. Therefore, this paper adopt the Mg, Al, Sr and RE alloys to determine the existing way and strengthening mechanism of RE and Sr in Mg-Al based Alloys.
In this paper, Mg-Sr master alloys, AJ62 magnesium alloy and various Y, Nd content of the AJ62 alloy were prepared by "mixture method". Then the microstructure of various Y, Nd content of the AJ62 alloy were analyzed by XRD and EDS, and also the mechanical properties were tested, Finally the fracture morphology were studied and determined the fracture mechanism by SEM.
The results show that:
①Mg-4Sr master alloy is consist of a-Mg, Mg17Sr2, and Mg17Sr2 is distributed along the boundary of matrix grain. Mg-6Al-2Sr is consisted of a-Mg、Mg17Al12 and Al4Sr, and Al4Sr is distributed along grain boundaries.
②Y ,rare earth elements, has refining effect on magnesium alloy structure. While adding 1.5wt% Y, the grain of AJ62+Y is finest. XRD and EDS show that new high-temperature and hard phases Al2Y and Al3Y are formed in the alloys, which are distributed in grain boundary and intragranular after adding Y. The mechanical property test shows that containing 1.5wt% Y, AJ62 alloy reached the best mechanical properties, which tensile strength, yielding strength and elongation respectively improves 20.6%,24.6% and 52.9%, and the fracture mechanism mainly are cleavage fracture and quasi-cleavage fracture.
③Nd has refining effect on alloy grain structure too. When containing 0.5wt% Nd, the structure refinement effect of the alloy is best; XRD Analysis and EDS spectrum show that with adding Nd the alloy formed the high-temperature and hard new phases Al2Nd and Al3Nd, The mechanical property test shows that containing 0.5wt% Nd, the alloy reached the best mechanical properties, which tensile strength, yielding strength and elongation respectively improves 13.5%, 15.9% and 49.1%, and the fracture morphology mechanism mainly is quasi-cleavage fracture.
引文
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