ABR作为产甲烷反应器的两相厌氧工艺处理有机废水的试验研究
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摘要
20世纪70年代初美国Ghosh和Pohland根据厌氧生物分解机理和微生物类群理论开发了两相厌氧消化系统,它克服了单相厌氧消化工艺中两类微生物的协调和平衡矛盾,是一种非常有前景的处理技术。近年来,针对不同的水质并结合各种新型高效厌氧反应器的特点进行产酸相和产甲烷相的组合成为两相工艺研究的热点。目前国内传统的两相厌氧工艺,产甲烷相一般采用UASB(上流式厌氧污泥床),产甲烷相用ABR(厌氧折流板反应器)还未见文献报道。
采用本实验室自行设计的连续流搅拌槽式结构的高效反应器作为产酸反应器,以ABR作为产甲烷反应器的两相厌氧工艺,采用人工模拟废水进行试验,考察了两相厌氧反应器的快速启动的状况,结果表明:35℃恒温条件下,在产酸反应器中接种曝气的混合污泥,在产甲烷反应器中接种厌氧颗粒污泥,35d可完成启动,启动完成时,系统COD去除率为98.0%,在整个启动过程中,体系酸碱度正常,产甲烷ABR反应器的产气量整体上呈上升趋势。
考察了两相反应器的运行阶段的特性,结果表明:HRT为18小时为最佳的水力停留时间,此时COD去除率最高,在分相强化阶段中,产酸反应器出水COD去除率由原来29%～34%降低到22%～28%,产酸相酸化率达到了53%,投加钼酸盐杀灭了产酸相中产甲烷菌,同时对产酸菌影响很小,增强了产酸相酸化率,实现了产酸相中近乎完全分相。产甲烷反应器出水COD去除率提高,稳定在98%以上。产酸反应器的液相末端产物主要以乙醇和乙酸为主,属于乙醇型发酵。末端发酵产物最易被产甲烷反应器的第一格室的菌群降解,各种底物转化速率快慢依次为:乙醇>丁酸>戊酸>乙酸>丙酸。
通过对启动期和稳定运行期对产甲烷反应器各格室颗粒污泥的特性进行研究,结果表明:颗粒污泥在启动完成时,第一格室污泥颜色显灰黑色,其它格室污泥颜色以黑色为主,颗粒污泥粒径和沉降速率逐渐增大,产甲烷活性增强。运行阶段,颗粒污泥颜色变深,全部变成亮黑色,污泥浓度逐渐变大,产甲烷活性也增强。运行结束阶段对产甲烷反应器的颗粒污泥的电镜观察可知:第一格室污泥菌种很丰富,主要以梭状芽孢杆菌、甲烷长杆菌、甲烷短杆菌为主,并伴有少量丝状菌;第二格室,甲烷杆菌为优势菌群,还有少量的球菌,丝状菌几乎没有;第三格室的颗粒污泥以甲烷八叠球菌为主。
At the beginning of the 70th in twenty century, Ghosh and Pohland firstly proposed the concept of two-phase anaerobic digestive systems which overcomes the contradictions of two kinds of microorganismin in single-phase digestive system is a promising wastewater treatment technology. All kinds of new effetive anaerobic reactors which combine the acidogenic reactor and methanogenic reactor in allusion to treat different qualities of wastewater is becoming the hot topic in recent years. Right now, UASB(upflow anaerobic sluge bed) is always used as methanogenic reactor in traditional two-phase technoloy, ABR(anaerobic baffled reactor) used as methanogenic reactor is not been reported in literature.
The continuous flows stirred tank reactor and ABR which are designed in our own lab are respectively used as acidogenic reactor and methanogenic reactor in this two-phase anaerobic reactor. In this paper,the start-up and phase-separation of two-phase anaerobic reactor designed for experiment were investigated with synthetic wastewater. The experiment results showed that, when the reactor starts at a constant temperature of 35℃with inoculated mixed aerated sluge in acidogenic reactoand anaerobic granular sludge in methanogenic reactor and simulated synthetic wastewater as substrate,the whole start-up period was 35days. During the whole stage, the acidity-alkalinity is in normal state and methane production shows a rising trend in ABR methanogenic reactor.
The running characteristic of two-phase anaerobic reactor is studied in this paper, the results show that, when HRT(hydraulic retention time) was18 hours, the removal rate of COD is the highest, so 18 hours is the best hydraulic retention time. the phase separation strengthening phase, COD removal rate of effluent in acidogenic reactor will decreased from 29% to 34% to 22% ~ 28%, the acidification rate increased to 53%, adding molybdate acid can kill the methanogenic bacteria in acidogenic reactor and has little effect on acidogenic bacteria, it can increase the acidification rate and almost separates the acidogenic phase and methanogenic phase.and , acid production phase achieved almost complete phase separation. COD removal rate in effluent of methanogenic reactor increased to 98% and above. The fermentation products of acidogenic reactor are mainly ethanol and acetic acid-based, it belongs to thanol-type fermentation. Fermentation products are most vulnerable to the No.1 compartment, the conversion speed of all kinds of substrate are as follows: ethanol > acid > acid > acetic acid > propionic acid.
Anaerobic sludge in methanogenic reactor is studied in start-up and the stable operation period, the esults show that, the color of the granular sludge in No.1 compartment is gray black, and the sludge in other compartments is black, sewage other Grid mud in black, particle size and settling velocity of sludge increases, methanogenic activity increased in the start-up stage. In operational phase, the color of granular sludge in each compartment are bright black, the sludge concentration gradually become larger, the methanogenic activity also increased. The SEM showed that, in the No.1 compartment the sludge bacteria is very rich, Clostridium, , and long bacillus and short bacillus occupy the superiority, with little amount of filamentous fungus. In the No.2 compartment there are a great many bacillus, little coccus, no filamentous fungus. In the No.3 compartment there are a lot of coccus.
采用本实验室自行设计的连续流搅拌槽式结构的高效反应器作为产酸反应器,以ABR作为产甲烷反应器的两相厌氧工艺,采用人工模拟废水进行试验,考察了两相厌氧反应器的快速启动的状况,结果表明:35℃恒温条件下,在产酸反应器中接种曝气的混合污泥,在产甲烷反应器中接种厌氧颗粒污泥,35d可完成启动,启动完成时,系统COD去除率为98.0%,在整个启动过程中,体系酸碱度正常,产甲烷ABR反应器的产气量整体上呈上升趋势。
考察了两相反应器的运行阶段的特性,结果表明:HRT为18小时为最佳的水力停留时间,此时COD去除率最高,在分相强化阶段中,产酸反应器出水COD去除率由原来29%～34%降低到22%～28%,产酸相酸化率达到了53%,投加钼酸盐杀灭了产酸相中产甲烷菌,同时对产酸菌影响很小,增强了产酸相酸化率,实现了产酸相中近乎完全分相。产甲烷反应器出水COD去除率提高,稳定在98%以上。产酸反应器的液相末端产物主要以乙醇和乙酸为主,属于乙醇型发酵。末端发酵产物最易被产甲烷反应器的第一格室的菌群降解,各种底物转化速率快慢依次为:乙醇>丁酸>戊酸>乙酸>丙酸。
通过对启动期和稳定运行期对产甲烷反应器各格室颗粒污泥的特性进行研究,结果表明:颗粒污泥在启动完成时,第一格室污泥颜色显灰黑色,其它格室污泥颜色以黑色为主,颗粒污泥粒径和沉降速率逐渐增大,产甲烷活性增强。运行阶段,颗粒污泥颜色变深,全部变成亮黑色,污泥浓度逐渐变大,产甲烷活性也增强。运行结束阶段对产甲烷反应器的颗粒污泥的电镜观察可知:第一格室污泥菌种很丰富,主要以梭状芽孢杆菌、甲烷长杆菌、甲烷短杆菌为主,并伴有少量丝状菌;第二格室,甲烷杆菌为优势菌群,还有少量的球菌,丝状菌几乎没有;第三格室的颗粒污泥以甲烷八叠球菌为主。
At the beginning of the 70th in twenty century, Ghosh and Pohland firstly proposed the concept of two-phase anaerobic digestive systems which overcomes the contradictions of two kinds of microorganismin in single-phase digestive system is a promising wastewater treatment technology. All kinds of new effetive anaerobic reactors which combine the acidogenic reactor and methanogenic reactor in allusion to treat different qualities of wastewater is becoming the hot topic in recent years. Right now, UASB(upflow anaerobic sluge bed) is always used as methanogenic reactor in traditional two-phase technoloy, ABR(anaerobic baffled reactor) used as methanogenic reactor is not been reported in literature.
The continuous flows stirred tank reactor and ABR which are designed in our own lab are respectively used as acidogenic reactor and methanogenic reactor in this two-phase anaerobic reactor. In this paper,the start-up and phase-separation of two-phase anaerobic reactor designed for experiment were investigated with synthetic wastewater. The experiment results showed that, when the reactor starts at a constant temperature of 35℃with inoculated mixed aerated sluge in acidogenic reactoand anaerobic granular sludge in methanogenic reactor and simulated synthetic wastewater as substrate,the whole start-up period was 35days. During the whole stage, the acidity-alkalinity is in normal state and methane production shows a rising trend in ABR methanogenic reactor.
The running characteristic of two-phase anaerobic reactor is studied in this paper, the results show that, when HRT(hydraulic retention time) was18 hours, the removal rate of COD is the highest, so 18 hours is the best hydraulic retention time. the phase separation strengthening phase, COD removal rate of effluent in acidogenic reactor will decreased from 29% to 34% to 22% ~ 28%, the acidification rate increased to 53%, adding molybdate acid can kill the methanogenic bacteria in acidogenic reactor and has little effect on acidogenic bacteria, it can increase the acidification rate and almost separates the acidogenic phase and methanogenic phase.and , acid production phase achieved almost complete phase separation. COD removal rate in effluent of methanogenic reactor increased to 98% and above. The fermentation products of acidogenic reactor are mainly ethanol and acetic acid-based, it belongs to thanol-type fermentation. Fermentation products are most vulnerable to the No.1 compartment, the conversion speed of all kinds of substrate are as follows: ethanol > acid > acid > acetic acid > propionic acid.
Anaerobic sludge in methanogenic reactor is studied in start-up and the stable operation period, the esults show that, the color of the granular sludge in No.1 compartment is gray black, and the sludge in other compartments is black, sewage other Grid mud in black, particle size and settling velocity of sludge increases, methanogenic activity increased in the start-up stage. In operational phase, the color of granular sludge in each compartment are bright black, the sludge concentration gradually become larger, the methanogenic activity also increased. The SEM showed that, in the No.1 compartment the sludge bacteria is very rich, Clostridium, , and long bacillus and short bacillus occupy the superiority, with little amount of filamentous fungus. In the No.2 compartment there are a great many bacillus, little coccus, no filamentous fungus. In the No.3 compartment there are a lot of coccus.
引文
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