基于图论学的露天开采境界优化算法研究及程序设计
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摘要
露天境界优化是露天矿开采设计和生产过程控制的重要内容。露天矿优化设计的数值方法按计算精度可以分为严密法和试探法两大类,前者求解精确,后者运算简捷。传统手工法和浮动圆锥法属于试探法,设计计算工作量大,无法全面考虑资源开采技术及经济条件指标等因素对境界优化的影响,很难得到合理的最终开采境界。LG图论法属于严密法,理论上有严格的证明,是目前公认的接近真实境界的结果。
本文基于图论学的基本概念和定理,在对三维环境下露天境界优化技术的研究现状、发展趋势和存在问题进行分析的基础上,重点对LG算法在计算机中执行的几个关键技术进行了研究,解决了程序中实行该算法的核心问题。并采用矿山的实际数据和参数,用LG算法在三维环境下进行境界优化,用最终的境界进行经济效益分析。主要研究工作及成果如下:
1、在查阅大量文献的基础上对露天境界优化技术现状、发展趋势及存在的问题进行了系统分析研究。
2、按照图论理论中“图”的概念,确定了计算机中的数据结构和存储方式,即采用树形结构,链接表存储方法。
3、最终边坡角是境界优化的约束条件之一,本文分析了露天矿边坡破坏的主要方式和最终边坡角稳定性分析方法。
4、露天矿经济合理性是开采的主要依据,本文对比了以往手工方法计算剥采比确定境界和计算机中建立数学经济模型方法,分析了各自的优缺点。
5、根据LG理论写出了计算机可执行的算法。解决了算法中核心问题:复杂边坡角的情况下形成初始图;有向图的遍历搜索方法;如何计算顶点的权值;如何判断弧的类型;如何形成正则树。
6、用实际数据对应用LG理论产生的境界进行经济效益分析。
通过本次研究,解决了执行算法过程中的实际问题。采用LG图论法能快速、准确的优化出某铜矿最佳露天开采境界,极大的提高了矿山工作者的工作效率,是矿山数字化发展的技术保障。
Open-pit optimization is very important to open-pit design and production control. There are two methods of open-pit optimization design categorized as calculation accuracy: rigorous method and trial method.The former solved precision, the latter operated breifly.Traditional manual method and Floating Clone Method belong to trial method and the amount of their calculation is huge.Trial methods could not take resource exploitation technology and economic condition indices into account of open-pit optimization, and it is hard to get rational ultimate open pit. LG graph theory algorithms have been proved that it can obtain an open-pit approach to reality, which belong to rigorous method.
Based on the analysis of the present situation, developing trends, the existing problems of 3D visualization simulation technology and Open Pit Mining Optimization Technology, this paper foucs on solving the key problems how to execute the algorithms in computer, adopting real data and parameter from a copper mine and analysed the economic performance. The main content of this paper are as follows:
1. This paper analysed of the present situation, developing trends and the existing problems of Open Pit Mining Optimization Technology in detail based on a great lot of literature.
2. According to the conception of "graph" in graph theory, confirmed the data structure of "tree structure" and storage mode of "linked list".
3. The final slope angle is one of open-pit constraint. This paper analysed disruptive mode of pit slope and ways of final slope angle stability analysis.
4.The economical rationality of open pit is the main base on exploitation. This paper compared manual methods of confirming open-pit by counting stripping ratio with founding mathematics economic model by computer.
5. This paper had written out executable calculator algorithm. Several central problems had been solved: how to form initial graph on the occasions of complex slope angle; how to traverse digraph; how to count the weight of vertex; how to decide the sort of arc; how to form regular tree.
6. This paper had analysed the economic performance of open-pit based on LG graph theory with real data.
Practical problem in the process of execution algorithm has been solved in this paper. LG algorithm can get an accurate open pit fastly and simply, improved work efficiency, insure the development of digital mine.
本文基于图论学的基本概念和定理,在对三维环境下露天境界优化技术的研究现状、发展趋势和存在问题进行分析的基础上,重点对LG算法在计算机中执行的几个关键技术进行了研究,解决了程序中实行该算法的核心问题。并采用矿山的实际数据和参数,用LG算法在三维环境下进行境界优化,用最终的境界进行经济效益分析。主要研究工作及成果如下:
1、在查阅大量文献的基础上对露天境界优化技术现状、发展趋势及存在的问题进行了系统分析研究。
2、按照图论理论中“图”的概念,确定了计算机中的数据结构和存储方式,即采用树形结构,链接表存储方法。
3、最终边坡角是境界优化的约束条件之一,本文分析了露天矿边坡破坏的主要方式和最终边坡角稳定性分析方法。
4、露天矿经济合理性是开采的主要依据,本文对比了以往手工方法计算剥采比确定境界和计算机中建立数学经济模型方法,分析了各自的优缺点。
5、根据LG理论写出了计算机可执行的算法。解决了算法中核心问题:复杂边坡角的情况下形成初始图;有向图的遍历搜索方法;如何计算顶点的权值;如何判断弧的类型;如何形成正则树。
6、用实际数据对应用LG理论产生的境界进行经济效益分析。
通过本次研究,解决了执行算法过程中的实际问题。采用LG图论法能快速、准确的优化出某铜矿最佳露天开采境界,极大的提高了矿山工作者的工作效率,是矿山数字化发展的技术保障。
Open-pit optimization is very important to open-pit design and production control. There are two methods of open-pit optimization design categorized as calculation accuracy: rigorous method and trial method.The former solved precision, the latter operated breifly.Traditional manual method and Floating Clone Method belong to trial method and the amount of their calculation is huge.Trial methods could not take resource exploitation technology and economic condition indices into account of open-pit optimization, and it is hard to get rational ultimate open pit. LG graph theory algorithms have been proved that it can obtain an open-pit approach to reality, which belong to rigorous method.
Based on the analysis of the present situation, developing trends, the existing problems of 3D visualization simulation technology and Open Pit Mining Optimization Technology, this paper foucs on solving the key problems how to execute the algorithms in computer, adopting real data and parameter from a copper mine and analysed the economic performance. The main content of this paper are as follows:
1. This paper analysed of the present situation, developing trends and the existing problems of Open Pit Mining Optimization Technology in detail based on a great lot of literature.
2. According to the conception of "graph" in graph theory, confirmed the data structure of "tree structure" and storage mode of "linked list".
3. The final slope angle is one of open-pit constraint. This paper analysed disruptive mode of pit slope and ways of final slope angle stability analysis.
4.The economical rationality of open pit is the main base on exploitation. This paper compared manual methods of confirming open-pit by counting stripping ratio with founding mathematics economic model by computer.
5. This paper had written out executable calculator algorithm. Several central problems had been solved: how to form initial graph on the occasions of complex slope angle; how to traverse digraph; how to count the weight of vertex; how to decide the sort of arc; how to form regular tree.
6. This paper had analysed the economic performance of open-pit based on LG graph theory with real data.
Practical problem in the process of execution algorithm has been solved in this paper. LG algorithm can get an accurate open pit fastly and simply, improved work efficiency, insure the development of digital mine.
引文
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[8]黄明.露天矿优化设计方法[J].《世界采矿快报》,2000.11,341-343
[9]历永建.露天矿经济合理剥采比和最优开采深度的研究[硕士论文],昆明:昆明理工大学,1998
[10]王青、史维祥.采矿学IM].冶金工业出版社.2001.1
[11]高彦、张雨果、李慧静.露天矿境界圈定复合锥法[J].《中国矿业》,2004年第13卷第4期,42-44
[12]殷剑宏,吴开亚等.图论及其算法[M].中国科学技术大学出版社.2000;
[13]Larry R.Nyhoff.C++数据结构导引[M].陈佩佩,李国东,黄达明译.清华大学出版社,2005;
[14]石忠民.露天矿优化设计的通用准则和混合算法[J].系统工程.1998(4)20:44-50.
[15]文益民,郭杰,李健.数据结构基础教程[M].清华大学出版社.2005;115-133
[16]黄筑平.连续介质力学基础[M].高等教育出版社.2003;
[17]贡金鑫著.工程结构可靠度分析方法[M].大连理工大学出版社.2003;55-56
[18]王文星主编.岩体力学IM].中南大学出版社.2004;
[19]编辑委员会编.采矿手册(第三册)[M].冶金工业出版社.1991;351-374
[20]谭晓慧.边坡稳定的非线性有限元可靠度分析方法研究[博士学位论文].合肥:合肥工业大学,2007
[21]熊文林,李胡生.岩石样本力学参数值的随机-模糊处理方法[J].岩土工程学报,1992,14(6):101-108
[22]李胡生.岩石力学参数概率分布的随机-模糊处理方法[J].岩土工程学报,1993,14(4):347-351
[23]谭晓慧.边坡稳定可靠度分析方法的探讨[J]:重庆大学学报,2001,24(6)
[24]何满潮,武雄.滑坡岩体鉴别的实验方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(4):630-632.
[25]杨建青,察新,张永乐.边坡稳定的模糊随机可靠性分析[J].河海大学学报,2002,30(1):58-62.
[26]张有天,周维垣.岩石高边坡的变形与稳定[M].北京:中国水利电力出版社,1999.
[27]Duncan J M.Factor of safety and reliability in geotechnical engineenng[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(6):925-929.
[28]李宝祥主编.金属矿床露天开采[M].冶金工业出版社,1995
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