北京城近郊区地下水硝酸盐氮和总硬度水文地球化学过程及数值模拟
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摘要
“北京城近郊区地下水硝酸盐氮和总硬度水文地球化学过程及数值模拟研究”研究目的是通过北京城近郊区地下水硝酸盐氮和总硬度的水文地球化学过程研究,建立三维硝酸氮和总硬度迁移转化数值模型,预测地下水中硝酸盐氮和总硬度的演化趋势,为北京地下水管理提供科学依据。
论文主要包括以下几个方面的内容:(1)研究区地下水硝酸盐氮和总硬度的一般特征和演化规律;(2)与硝酸盐氮和总硬度有关的水文地球化学作用研究,定量评价矿物溶解、离子交换和反硝化作用对研究区地下水中硝酸盐氮和总硬度的影响;(3)建立硝酸盐氮和总硬度三维运移数值模型。(4)利用硝酸盐氮和总硬度的数值模型预测研究区地下水的硝酸盐氮和总硬度的演化趋势。
论文最主要的研究方法是数值模拟,包括地下水流场模拟、溶质运移模拟、水文地球化学运移模拟等,另外还采用了数理统计方法、GIS中的空间分析方法、水文地球化学中的比例系数法等。
论文通过对北京城近郊区浅层地下水总硬度和硝酸盐氮迁移转化数值模拟研究,取得了以下成果:(1)通过方差对比分析方法和水文地球化学的方法对研究区地下水中化学组份进行了物源研究。结果表明,NO_3~-和Cl~-表现出强烈人为输入影响的特征,而Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、HCO_3~-主要受碳酸盐矿物溶解和离子交换的影响。(2)采用一维和二维水文地球化学模拟的方法,研究含水层矿物溶解和离子交换等对地下水化学组份地影响。结果表明,含水层中的矿物溶解和离子交换作用,只在模拟初期对地下水各组份有一定的影响,且对地下水各组份的贡献较小。由此推断,地下水中硬度升高主要是包气带矿物溶解和离子交换的结果。(3)应用硝酸盐污染羽的观测数据,计算了研究区地下水中反硝化速率及其一级反应动力学常数。(4)建立了北京城近郊区总硬度和硝酸盐氮三维运移模型。
论文的创新点包括:(1)提出了适用于城市地区地下水中硝酸盐氮反硝化一级反应动力学常数的计算方法;(2)应用了二维的水文地球化学模拟;(3)提出了判断地下水中化学组份受人类活动影响程度的方差对比分析方法。
The propose of the dissertation is to set up three-dimensional groundwater transport numerical model on the total hardness and nitrogen in Beijing urban, and forecast their evolution trend in order to provide the evidence for groundwater management.
The main content in the dissertation include:
1. Summarize the evolution characteristics of the total hardness and nitrogen;
2. Investigate the hydrogeochemical process including mineral precipitation/dissolution, ion exchange and denitrification, and quantificational evaluate the effect on the groundwater.
3. Set up the three-dimensional groundwater transport model on total hardness and nitrogen, and
4. Forecast the evolution trend of total hardness and nitrogen by the transport model.
The main method is numerical simulation, including the groundwater flow simulation, solute transport simulation and the hydrogeological transport simulation, and the dissertation also applies the geological statistics, spatial analysis on GIS and the hydrogeological ratio coefficient.
The dissertation results includes:
1. The sources of the primary ions of groundwater in Beijing urban were discussed by the methods of the variance analysis and ratio-coefficient. The main conclusion illustrate that NO_3~- and Cl~- come from the anthropogenic discharge, and Ca~(2+), Mg~(2+) and HCO_3~- comes from mineral dissolution. The hydrogeochemical processes with respect to hardness and nitrogen are mineral precipitation/dissolution, ion exchange and denitrification.
2. By one-dimensional and two-dimensional hydrogeological modeling, the solute transport characteristics with respect to recharge, dilution, mineral precipitation/dissolution and ion exchange are discussed. The conclusion reveals that the mineral precipitation/dissolution and ion exchange have great influence on the concentration of ions only in initial period, and after that, the influence is trifling. Thus it is predicted that the increase reason about the total hardness is likely to the mineral precipitation/dissolution, ion exchange in vadose zone.
3. The first-order coefficient of denitrification is estimated by the observed data of the nitrogen plume, and
4. The three-dimensional groundwater transport model on the total hardness and nitrogen in Beijing urban is achieved.
The innovation in the dissertation may be:
1. Advanced new estimate method about the first-order dynamic coefficient of the denitrification in urban.
2. The application of the two-dimensional hydrogeological modeling, and
3. The application of variance analysis to judge anthropogenic influence on chemical composition of groundwater
论文主要包括以下几个方面的内容:(1)研究区地下水硝酸盐氮和总硬度的一般特征和演化规律;(2)与硝酸盐氮和总硬度有关的水文地球化学作用研究,定量评价矿物溶解、离子交换和反硝化作用对研究区地下水中硝酸盐氮和总硬度的影响;(3)建立硝酸盐氮和总硬度三维运移数值模型。(4)利用硝酸盐氮和总硬度的数值模型预测研究区地下水的硝酸盐氮和总硬度的演化趋势。
论文最主要的研究方法是数值模拟,包括地下水流场模拟、溶质运移模拟、水文地球化学运移模拟等,另外还采用了数理统计方法、GIS中的空间分析方法、水文地球化学中的比例系数法等。
论文通过对北京城近郊区浅层地下水总硬度和硝酸盐氮迁移转化数值模拟研究,取得了以下成果:(1)通过方差对比分析方法和水文地球化学的方法对研究区地下水中化学组份进行了物源研究。结果表明,NO_3~-和Cl~-表现出强烈人为输入影响的特征,而Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、HCO_3~-主要受碳酸盐矿物溶解和离子交换的影响。(2)采用一维和二维水文地球化学模拟的方法,研究含水层矿物溶解和离子交换等对地下水化学组份地影响。结果表明,含水层中的矿物溶解和离子交换作用,只在模拟初期对地下水各组份有一定的影响,且对地下水各组份的贡献较小。由此推断,地下水中硬度升高主要是包气带矿物溶解和离子交换的结果。(3)应用硝酸盐污染羽的观测数据,计算了研究区地下水中反硝化速率及其一级反应动力学常数。(4)建立了北京城近郊区总硬度和硝酸盐氮三维运移模型。
论文的创新点包括:(1)提出了适用于城市地区地下水中硝酸盐氮反硝化一级反应动力学常数的计算方法;(2)应用了二维的水文地球化学模拟;(3)提出了判断地下水中化学组份受人类活动影响程度的方差对比分析方法。
The propose of the dissertation is to set up three-dimensional groundwater transport numerical model on the total hardness and nitrogen in Beijing urban, and forecast their evolution trend in order to provide the evidence for groundwater management.
The main content in the dissertation include:
1. Summarize the evolution characteristics of the total hardness and nitrogen;
2. Investigate the hydrogeochemical process including mineral precipitation/dissolution, ion exchange and denitrification, and quantificational evaluate the effect on the groundwater.
3. Set up the three-dimensional groundwater transport model on total hardness and nitrogen, and
4. Forecast the evolution trend of total hardness and nitrogen by the transport model.
The main method is numerical simulation, including the groundwater flow simulation, solute transport simulation and the hydrogeological transport simulation, and the dissertation also applies the geological statistics, spatial analysis on GIS and the hydrogeological ratio coefficient.
The dissertation results includes:
1. The sources of the primary ions of groundwater in Beijing urban were discussed by the methods of the variance analysis and ratio-coefficient. The main conclusion illustrate that NO_3~- and Cl~- come from the anthropogenic discharge, and Ca~(2+), Mg~(2+) and HCO_3~- comes from mineral dissolution. The hydrogeochemical processes with respect to hardness and nitrogen are mineral precipitation/dissolution, ion exchange and denitrification.
2. By one-dimensional and two-dimensional hydrogeological modeling, the solute transport characteristics with respect to recharge, dilution, mineral precipitation/dissolution and ion exchange are discussed. The conclusion reveals that the mineral precipitation/dissolution and ion exchange have great influence on the concentration of ions only in initial period, and after that, the influence is trifling. Thus it is predicted that the increase reason about the total hardness is likely to the mineral precipitation/dissolution, ion exchange in vadose zone.
3. The first-order coefficient of denitrification is estimated by the observed data of the nitrogen plume, and
4. The three-dimensional groundwater transport model on the total hardness and nitrogen in Beijing urban is achieved.
The innovation in the dissertation may be:
1. Advanced new estimate method about the first-order dynamic coefficient of the denitrification in urban.
2. The application of the two-dimensional hydrogeological modeling, and
3. The application of variance analysis to judge anthropogenic influence on chemical composition of groundwater
引文
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[2] 杨金忠, 蔡树英, 黄冠华, 等. 多孔介质中水分及溶质运移的随机理论[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2000,
[3] 张永祥, 陈鸿汉. 多孔介质溶质运移动力学[M]. 北京:地震出版社,2000.
[4] 陈崇希, 李国敏. 地下水运移理论及模型[M]. 武汉: 中国地质大学出版社, 1992.26-31
[5] 韩大匡,油藏数值模拟基础[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社,2001.
[6] 薛禹群, 吴吉春. 面临 21 世纪的中国地下水模拟问题[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 1999,(5):1-3.
[7] 孙讷正, 地下水流的数值模型和数值方法[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 1989.
[8] 薛禹群. 地下水动力学原理[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 1986.
[9] Eshel Bresler, Gedeon dagan. Unsaturated flow in spatially variable fields 2.application of water flow model to various fields [J].Water resource research.1983,19(2):421-428.
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