利用AFLP和SSR分子标记研究不同地理虾夷扇贝群体的遗传多样性
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摘要
虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten(Mizuhopecten)yessoensis)属软体动物门(Mollusa)，瓣鳃纲(Lamellibranchia)，翼形亚纲(Pterimorphia)，珍珠贝目(Pterioida)，扇贝科(Pectinidae)，虾夷扇贝属(Mizuhopecten)。原产于日本和俄罗斯，1981年引进我国，主要分布在山东、辽宁等海区，目前已在大连和山东海区形成了一定的养殖规模。近年来，由于人工养殖的原因，使得虾夷扇贝的群体出现了雌雄同体增多、人工育苗成活率低、种质资源退化等现象。为进一步提高养殖扇贝的产量和质量，保证扇贝养殖业的可持续发展，进行贝类的遗传育种改良、增加贝类的遗传多样性已成为人们关注的课题。DNA分子标记所具有的稳定性、准确性和可靠性使其能够准确的反映生物的遗传信息。本文利用AFLP和SSR两种分子标记研究了三个野生群体(QSX、HSW、LSK)以及四个养殖群体(ZZD、XCS、GLD、LS)虾夷扇贝的遗传变异和遗传结构，以期为虾夷扇贝的遗传育种工作提供一定的理论基础。
实验共筛选了七对AFLP引物以及三对SSR引物，对七个群体的168个(平均每个群体24个个体)虾夷扇贝进行了研究。利用Popgen 32软件分析了群体内的遗传变异和群体间的遗传结构，计算不同地理种群的遗传距离，用UPGMA法构建了七个群体的系统发生树。两种方法所得的结果如下：
利用七对AFLP引物共扩增出450个位点，其中有424个多态性位点，平均每个引物扩增出60.6个多态性的位点。三对SSR引物共扩增出21个等位基因，平均每个位点为7个。在检测遗传变异时两种方法都表明七个群体都具有很高的遗传多样性。而且，SSR检测到的变异性明显高于AFLP标记的检测结果。两种方法检测的有效等位基因数(Ne)分别为1.4091(AFLP)和2.6412(SSR)，AFLP检测到的杂合度Nei(H)指数分布在0.2200和0.2561之间；SSR检测的观测杂合度分布
Abstract: Patinopecten yessoensis belongs to phylum Mollusa, class Lamellibranchia, subclass Pterimorphia Pectinidae, genus Mizuhopecten, which was native to Japan and Russa. After introduced in 1981, it mainly distributed in coast of Shandong and Liaoning Province from China, and has high output. In recent years, for the reason of human breeding, there has come out a series of problems of the Patinopecten yessoensis populations, such as the increasing of hermaphrodite, lower survival rate, declining of shelf inbreeding, and so on. To increase the output and the quality of the breeding Patinopecten yessoensis, ensure the sustainable development of the shell's breeding Project, it has been a growing interest issues of improving the quality, increasing the genetic diversity of the Patinopecten yessoensis. DNA molecular marker is able to express genetic information accurately for its excellence of stability, accuracy and security. In this paper, Three wild populations (QSX, HSW, LSK) and four breeding populations (ZZD, XCS, GLD, LS) of Patinopecten yessoensis were studied by means of AFLP and SSR (microsatellite ) molecular marker techniques. We hope that these results will provide the theory basis for inherited breeding of Patinopecten yessoensi.
One hundred and sixty-eight Patinopecten yessoensi from seven populations (twenty-four individuals per population) were analyzed using seven AFLP primer combinations and three SSR primers respectively. AFLP and SSR banding patterns were transformed into binary data and matrices were processed by Popgene32 program. Using the data obtained, the genetic diversity and the genetic structure were estimated, the similarity coefficient was calculated and UPGMA clustering analyzed on computer among these Patinopecten yessoensi varieties. Results of two techniques are as follow:
With the test of polymorphism for AFLP markers, total 450 loci were amplified using 7 primer combinations, and 424 were polymorphic loci. On average, 60.6 polymorphic bands are amplified by one primer combination. As for the SSR prmers, 21 alleles were amplified with 7 alleles each one. Both of the two techniques showed higher genetic diversity in all populations. Genetic parameters calculated by SSR technique were obviously higher than that of AFLP technique. The effectic alleles number (Ne) of SSR and AFLP were 1.4091 and 2.6412, observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.71 to 0.90 across populations for SSRs and from 0.2200 to 0.2561 for
实验共筛选了七对AFLP引物以及三对SSR引物，对七个群体的168个(平均每个群体24个个体)虾夷扇贝进行了研究。利用Popgen 32软件分析了群体内的遗传变异和群体间的遗传结构，计算不同地理种群的遗传距离，用UPGMA法构建了七个群体的系统发生树。两种方法所得的结果如下：
利用七对AFLP引物共扩增出450个位点，其中有424个多态性位点，平均每个引物扩增出60.6个多态性的位点。三对SSR引物共扩增出21个等位基因，平均每个位点为7个。在检测遗传变异时两种方法都表明七个群体都具有很高的遗传多样性。而且，SSR检测到的变异性明显高于AFLP标记的检测结果。两种方法检测的有效等位基因数(Ne)分别为1.4091(AFLP)和2.6412(SSR)，AFLP检测到的杂合度Nei(H)指数分布在0.2200和0.2561之间；SSR检测的观测杂合度分布
Abstract: Patinopecten yessoensis belongs to phylum Mollusa, class Lamellibranchia, subclass Pterimorphia Pectinidae, genus Mizuhopecten, which was native to Japan and Russa. After introduced in 1981, it mainly distributed in coast of Shandong and Liaoning Province from China, and has high output. In recent years, for the reason of human breeding, there has come out a series of problems of the Patinopecten yessoensis populations, such as the increasing of hermaphrodite, lower survival rate, declining of shelf inbreeding, and so on. To increase the output and the quality of the breeding Patinopecten yessoensis, ensure the sustainable development of the shell's breeding Project, it has been a growing interest issues of improving the quality, increasing the genetic diversity of the Patinopecten yessoensis. DNA molecular marker is able to express genetic information accurately for its excellence of stability, accuracy and security. In this paper, Three wild populations (QSX, HSW, LSK) and four breeding populations (ZZD, XCS, GLD, LS) of Patinopecten yessoensis were studied by means of AFLP and SSR (microsatellite ) molecular marker techniques. We hope that these results will provide the theory basis for inherited breeding of Patinopecten yessoensi.
One hundred and sixty-eight Patinopecten yessoensi from seven populations (twenty-four individuals per population) were analyzed using seven AFLP primer combinations and three SSR primers respectively. AFLP and SSR banding patterns were transformed into binary data and matrices were processed by Popgene32 program. Using the data obtained, the genetic diversity and the genetic structure were estimated, the similarity coefficient was calculated and UPGMA clustering analyzed on computer among these Patinopecten yessoensi varieties. Results of two techniques are as follow:
With the test of polymorphism for AFLP markers, total 450 loci were amplified using 7 primer combinations, and 424 were polymorphic loci. On average, 60.6 polymorphic bands are amplified by one primer combination. As for the SSR prmers, 21 alleles were amplified with 7 alleles each one. Both of the two techniques showed higher genetic diversity in all populations. Genetic parameters calculated by SSR technique were obviously higher than that of AFLP technique. The effectic alleles number (Ne) of SSR and AFLP were 1.4091 and 2.6412, observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.71 to 0.90 across populations for SSRs and from 0.2200 to 0.2561 for
引文
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