掺杂纳米铁氧体的合成与磁性能研究
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摘要
铁氧体是一类具有广泛用途的磁性功能材料，其粉料的制备方法一直是人们探索的课题。本文采用两种方法分别合成尖晶石型和W-型铁氧体纳米材料，并对反应条件、结构以及磁性能进行了研究。合成出的粉末产品主要通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、差热分析(DTA)、热重—差示扫描量热(TG-DSC)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和穆斯堡尔谱(Mossbauer)等手段进行结构性能表征，采用振动样品磁强计(VSM)对磁性能进行测试。
本论文利用草酸盐共沉淀法合成了不同锌含量的尖晶石型锌铁氧体和镍锌铁氧体粉末。实验结果表明，由于各种离子占位的不同，当x=0.4时，Zn_xFe_(3-x)O_4铁氧体，比饱和磁化强度最大；当x=0.45时，Ni_(1-x)Zn_xFe_2O_4铁氧体，比饱和磁化强度最大，二者的比饱和磁化强度均大于文献报道的结果。
本论文研究了稀土元素的掺杂对锌铁氧体和镍锌铁氧体的结构以及磁性能的影响。实验结果表明，当x=0.03时，ZnLa_xFe_(2-x)O_4铁氧体比饱和磁化强度最小；当x=0.04时，ZnCe_xFe_(2-x)O_4铁氧体比饱和磁化强度最大；当x=0.04时，Ni_(0.55)Zn_(0.45)Nd_xFe_(2-x)O_4铁氧体比饱和磁化强度最大，比饱和磁化强度高达70.25A·m~2·kg~(-1)。
本论文采用柠檬酸溶胶—凝胶法合成了W-型铁氧体粉末。通过考察pH值、浓度、配合剂、煅烧温度等影响产物的性能因素，选择合成W型铁氧体最适合的条件是：pH值一般调节到中性至弱碱性，即pH值为7～9，水量一般为150mL(生成0.005molW-型铁氧体目标产物)，柠檬酸的用量为柠檬酸与金属硝酸盐物质的量比约为1.2，煅烧温度为1000～1100℃。
本论文提出了柠檬酸溶胶—凝胶法制备W-型铁氧体的反应机理。认为柠檬酸法制备磁性粉末的反应机理主要有配合物机理和氧化还原反应机理。其中配合物形成机理用来解释凝胶的生成过程，氧化还原反应机理用来解释凝胶经煅烧后发生固相反应生成铁氧体粉末的过程。
本论文还研究了离子掺杂对W-型铁氧体结构和磁性能的影响。实验结果表明，对于SrZn_(2-x)Ni_xFe_(16)O_(27)铁氧体和SrZn_(2-x)Co_xFe_(16)O_(27)铁氧体来说，比饱和磁化强度均随x的增加而增大，比剩余磁化强度在x=0.4达到最大，矫顽力随x含量的增加而减小；对于Sr_(1-x)La_xZn_(1.6)Ni_(0.4)Fe_(16)O_(27)铁氧体来说，随着煅烧温度的增加，比饱和磁化强度单调增大，矫顽力在1000℃时出现最大点；对于Sr_(1-x)Ce_xZn_(1.6)Ni_(0.4)Fe_(16)O_(27)铁氧体，比饱和磁化强度和比剩余磁化强度在x=0.2时最高，矫顽力则随着铈的添加而单调减小。
Ferrites are important magnetic functional materials which are used in many fields. The synthesis of the powder has always been the subject of extensive studies. In this paper, the spinel ferrites and W-type ferrites were synthesized with different methods. The synthesizing conditions, structure and magnetic properties were groped. The structure was characterized by XRD, DTA, TG-DSC, SEM, TEM, FT-IR, and M(?)ssbauer. The magnetic properties were tested by VSM.
The main contents of this thesis are as follows:
1. A series of nanosize spinel ferrites of Zn_xFe_(3-x)O_4 and Ni_(1_x)Zn_xFe_2O_4 were synthesized by oxalate co-precipitation method. The results showed specific saturation magnetization(σ_s) of Zn_xFe_(3-x)O_4 has a maximum at x=0.4 for the ion substituent. Specific saturation magnetization(σ_s) of Ni_(1-x)Zn_xFe_2O_4 has a maximum at x=0.45. The specific saturation magnetizations are all superior to the results of the other literatures.
2. The influence of doping rare earth element on Zn ferdte and Ni-Zn ferfite structures and magnetic properties was discussed. The result indicated that specific saturation magnetization of ZnLa_xFe_(2-x)O_4 has a minimum at x=0.03. The specific saturation magnetization of ZnCe_xFe_(2-x)O_4 has a maximum at x=0.04. The specific saturation magnetization of Ni_(0.55)Zn_(0.45)Nd_xFe_(2-x)O_4 has a maximum at x=0.04,σ_s =70.25 A·m~2·kg~(-1).
3. The W-type ferrites were synthesized by citric acid sol-gel method. The influences of pH, concentration, complex and calcining temperature were discussed. The ideal pH is 7～9. Concentration is that the nitrates of 0.005mol W-type ferrite were added into 150ml water. The amount of citric acid is that the ratio of amount of substance of citric acid and nitrates is 1.2: 1. The calcining temperature is 1000-1100℃.
4. The mechanism of citric acid sol-gel method was extracted. The mechanism of citric acid sol-gel method consists of complex reaction and redox reaction. The mechanism of complex reaction can explain the resultant of gelate and the mechanism of redox reation can explain the process of ferrite powder.
5. The influence of doping element onW-type ferrite structures and magnetic properties was discussed. The result showed that specific saturatior magnetizations of SrZn_(2-x)Ni_xFe_(16)O_(27) and SrZn_(2-x)Co_xFe_(16)O_(27) increased and coercivity decreased all through with the increasing of x, specific residua magnetization had a maximum at x=0.4. Specific saturation magnetizations oJ Sr_(1-x)La_xZn_(1.6)Ni_(0.4)Fe_(16)O_(27) increased with the increasing of calcining temperature and coercivity had a maximum at 1000℃. Specific saturation and residua magnetizations of Sr_(1-x)Ce_xZn_(1.6)Ni_(0.4)Fe_(16)O_(27) had a maximum at x=0.2, coercivity decreased all through with the increasing of cerium.
本论文利用草酸盐共沉淀法合成了不同锌含量的尖晶石型锌铁氧体和镍锌铁氧体粉末。实验结果表明，由于各种离子占位的不同，当x=0.4时，Zn_xFe_(3-x)O_4铁氧体，比饱和磁化强度最大；当x=0.45时，Ni_(1-x)Zn_xFe_2O_4铁氧体，比饱和磁化强度最大，二者的比饱和磁化强度均大于文献报道的结果。
本论文研究了稀土元素的掺杂对锌铁氧体和镍锌铁氧体的结构以及磁性能的影响。实验结果表明，当x=0.03时，ZnLa_xFe_(2-x)O_4铁氧体比饱和磁化强度最小；当x=0.04时，ZnCe_xFe_(2-x)O_4铁氧体比饱和磁化强度最大；当x=0.04时，Ni_(0.55)Zn_(0.45)Nd_xFe_(2-x)O_4铁氧体比饱和磁化强度最大，比饱和磁化强度高达70.25A·m~2·kg~(-1)。
本论文采用柠檬酸溶胶—凝胶法合成了W-型铁氧体粉末。通过考察pH值、浓度、配合剂、煅烧温度等影响产物的性能因素，选择合成W型铁氧体最适合的条件是：pH值一般调节到中性至弱碱性，即pH值为7～9，水量一般为150mL(生成0.005molW-型铁氧体目标产物)，柠檬酸的用量为柠檬酸与金属硝酸盐物质的量比约为1.2，煅烧温度为1000～1100℃。
本论文提出了柠檬酸溶胶—凝胶法制备W-型铁氧体的反应机理。认为柠檬酸法制备磁性粉末的反应机理主要有配合物机理和氧化还原反应机理。其中配合物形成机理用来解释凝胶的生成过程，氧化还原反应机理用来解释凝胶经煅烧后发生固相反应生成铁氧体粉末的过程。
本论文还研究了离子掺杂对W-型铁氧体结构和磁性能的影响。实验结果表明，对于SrZn_(2-x)Ni_xFe_(16)O_(27)铁氧体和SrZn_(2-x)Co_xFe_(16)O_(27)铁氧体来说，比饱和磁化强度均随x的增加而增大，比剩余磁化强度在x=0.4达到最大，矫顽力随x含量的增加而减小；对于Sr_(1-x)La_xZn_(1.6)Ni_(0.4)Fe_(16)O_(27)铁氧体来说，随着煅烧温度的增加，比饱和磁化强度单调增大，矫顽力在1000℃时出现最大点；对于Sr_(1-x)Ce_xZn_(1.6)Ni_(0.4)Fe_(16)O_(27)铁氧体，比饱和磁化强度和比剩余磁化强度在x=0.2时最高，矫顽力则随着铈的添加而单调减小。
Ferrites are important magnetic functional materials which are used in many fields. The synthesis of the powder has always been the subject of extensive studies. In this paper, the spinel ferrites and W-type ferrites were synthesized with different methods. The synthesizing conditions, structure and magnetic properties were groped. The structure was characterized by XRD, DTA, TG-DSC, SEM, TEM, FT-IR, and M(?)ssbauer. The magnetic properties were tested by VSM.
The main contents of this thesis are as follows:
1. A series of nanosize spinel ferrites of Zn_xFe_(3-x)O_4 and Ni_(1_x)Zn_xFe_2O_4 were synthesized by oxalate co-precipitation method. The results showed specific saturation magnetization(σ_s) of Zn_xFe_(3-x)O_4 has a maximum at x=0.4 for the ion substituent. Specific saturation magnetization(σ_s) of Ni_(1-x)Zn_xFe_2O_4 has a maximum at x=0.45. The specific saturation magnetizations are all superior to the results of the other literatures.
2. The influence of doping rare earth element on Zn ferdte and Ni-Zn ferfite structures and magnetic properties was discussed. The result indicated that specific saturation magnetization of ZnLa_xFe_(2-x)O_4 has a minimum at x=0.03. The specific saturation magnetization of ZnCe_xFe_(2-x)O_4 has a maximum at x=0.04. The specific saturation magnetization of Ni_(0.55)Zn_(0.45)Nd_xFe_(2-x)O_4 has a maximum at x=0.04,σ_s =70.25 A·m~2·kg~(-1).
3. The W-type ferrites were synthesized by citric acid sol-gel method. The influences of pH, concentration, complex and calcining temperature were discussed. The ideal pH is 7～9. Concentration is that the nitrates of 0.005mol W-type ferrite were added into 150ml water. The amount of citric acid is that the ratio of amount of substance of citric acid and nitrates is 1.2: 1. The calcining temperature is 1000-1100℃.
4. The mechanism of citric acid sol-gel method was extracted. The mechanism of citric acid sol-gel method consists of complex reaction and redox reaction. The mechanism of complex reaction can explain the resultant of gelate and the mechanism of redox reation can explain the process of ferrite powder.
5. The influence of doping element onW-type ferrite structures and magnetic properties was discussed. The result showed that specific saturatior magnetizations of SrZn_(2-x)Ni_xFe_(16)O_(27) and SrZn_(2-x)Co_xFe_(16)O_(27) increased and coercivity decreased all through with the increasing of x, specific residua magnetization had a maximum at x=0.4. Specific saturation magnetizations oJ Sr_(1-x)La_xZn_(1.6)Ni_(0.4)Fe_(16)O_(27) increased with the increasing of calcining temperature and coercivity had a maximum at 1000℃. Specific saturation and residua magnetizations of Sr_(1-x)Ce_xZn_(1.6)Ni_(0.4)Fe_(16)O_(27) had a maximum at x=0.2, coercivity decreased all through with the increasing of cerium.
引文
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