旋转机械随机支撑刚度参数模拟试验装置的设计研究
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摘要
随机参数转子动力学问题是继转子动力学的线性和非线性动力学问题之后需要系统研究的重要课题。近年来,虽然有少数学者对该问题进行了初步研究,但都局限于理论研究,极少有人进行试验研究。这是因为试验研究随机参数问题需要加工大量的试件,这在研究时间和成本上都是不允许的。为了试验研究随机支撑刚度参数对转子系统动力学性能的影响,本文基于电磁支撑刚度随电磁场强度变化而改变的原理,设计了一套电磁支撑与机械支撑并联的模拟试验装置,实现了转子轴承系统支撑刚度参数的随机变化。论文的主要研究内容和研究成果如下:
1.给出了一种利用电磁支撑模拟产生随机支撑刚度参数的设计方案。该电磁支撑的工作原理是利用电、磁、力三者之间的依存关系,以励磁电流为控制源,控制电磁铁的电磁场强度和电磁力,进而控制支撑刚度参数的变化特征。
2.基于电磁铁的动态电磁关系从理论上研究了因动态间隙和励磁电流产生的电磁感应对电磁支撑刚度特性的影响。研究结果表明当电磁支撑的基本工作参数满足一定的关系时,完全可以忽略因电磁感应现象而产生的附加刚度和阻尼参数对支撑刚度特性的影响。
3.以端部具有电磁支撑的悬臂梁为研究对象,计算、实测了不同励磁电流下悬臂梁系统的一阶固有频率和对数减幅系数;给出了基于系统一阶实测固有频率及其对数减幅系数识别支撑刚度和阻尼的方法,识别出了不同励磁电流工况下电磁支撑的实际刚度和附加阻尼参数;识别结果表明附加阻尼参数的实测值远远小于其理论值,可以忽略不计;支撑刚度参数在多数情况下存在较大偏差,但在静态工作点附近工作时偏差较小。
4.通过对随机变刚度电磁支撑数学模型的研究给出了通过控制电流的随机改变实现转子轴承系统支撑刚度参数随机变化的四个设计准则。线性化准则保证试验装置系统支撑刚度的线性特性;线性随机准则确保支撑刚度参数与随机控制电流间的线性关系;随机分量显著准则使得支撑刚度具有明显的随机特征,便于试验研究;综合刚度为正的设计准则,保证了试验装置系统的稳定性。根据设计准则合理设计了试验装置的工作参数,并基于这些工作参数对电磁支撑进行了结构设计。
5.理论分析了实验过程中出现的衔铁偏心和非线性现象对电磁支撑的刚度特性的重要影响;最后对随机电流在制备过程中应注意的事项进行了阐述,并提出了改进措施。
Rotor dynamics with random parameters is an important subject that required to reasearch systematically after linear rotor dynamics and nonlinear rotor dynamics problems. In recent years, some scholars have started to study on this problem, but they only study on the theoretical research aspect, or not study on the experimental research aspect. This is because that the experimental research on random parameters problem needs to a large number of test pieces that is not allowed in the time and cost. In order to experimental research on the random support stiffness parameter affecting dynamic performance of the rotor system, based on the principle of electromagnetic support stiffness varying with electromagnetic field, a test device with parallel electromagnetic and mechanical support elements is designed, and it can realize the varying of the rotor system support stiffness following the electromagnetic field strength. The main research contents and results in this paper include the following aspects:
1. The design scheme of using the electromagnetic support to simulation generate the random support stiffness parameters is proposed The working principle of the electromagnetic support is to make use of the dependence relation of electricity, magnetism and force, regard the excitation current as control source to control the electromagnetic intensity and the electromagnetic force of the electromagnet, and then control variation characteristics of the support stiffness parameter.
2. Based on the dynamic characteristics of the electromagnets, electromagnetic induction reduced by dynamic gap and excitation current affecting the electromagnetic support stiffness characteristics isreaearch theoretically.The results show that when the basic parameters of the electromagnetic support meet a certain relationship, additional stiffness and damping parameters reduced by electromagnetic induction affecting the support stiffness characteristics can be ignored completely.
3. The cantilever beam with an electromagnetic support at end was taken as a research object. The first order natural frequency and logarithmic damping coefficients of this structural system with different excitation current were calculated and tested. Based on the first order natural frequency and logarithmic damping coefficients of the support system which were measured in the experiment, a new method was proposed to identify the support stiffness and damping parameters. The support stiffness and damping parameters of the electromagnetic support with different excitation current were identified according to this method. The identification results showed that the experimental values of electromagnetic support damping parameter were always far smaller than the theoretical values and can be ignored, while there were big deviations between theoretical values and experimental values of support stiffness parameter in most cases, but the deviation is smaller at the static working point.
4. By studying the mathematical model of the electromagnetic support, the four design rules are given, which make sure that the system support stiffness parameter can be randomly controlled by the controllable random electric current. The linearized rule guarantees the linearity of the system support stiffness; the linear random rule engenders the linear relationship between the support stiffness parameter and the controllable random electric current; the rule of random stiffness weight being distinct gets the obvious randomness of the system support stiffness, and satisfy the demand of testing; finally the rule of the system total stiffness being positive ensures the stability of the simulation test device. Based on the design rules, the working parmaters of the electromagnetic support are designed reasonablely. Meanwhile, according to the the working parmaters, the structure of the working parmaters is designed.
5. The armature eccentricity and non-linear phenomena have an important influence on stiffness characteristic of the electromagnetic support in the experimental process through the theory analysis. Finally, the matter needing attention in the generation process of the random current was studied, and improvement measures were proposed.
1.给出了一种利用电磁支撑模拟产生随机支撑刚度参数的设计方案。该电磁支撑的工作原理是利用电、磁、力三者之间的依存关系,以励磁电流为控制源,控制电磁铁的电磁场强度和电磁力,进而控制支撑刚度参数的变化特征。
2.基于电磁铁的动态电磁关系从理论上研究了因动态间隙和励磁电流产生的电磁感应对电磁支撑刚度特性的影响。研究结果表明当电磁支撑的基本工作参数满足一定的关系时,完全可以忽略因电磁感应现象而产生的附加刚度和阻尼参数对支撑刚度特性的影响。
3.以端部具有电磁支撑的悬臂梁为研究对象,计算、实测了不同励磁电流下悬臂梁系统的一阶固有频率和对数减幅系数;给出了基于系统一阶实测固有频率及其对数减幅系数识别支撑刚度和阻尼的方法,识别出了不同励磁电流工况下电磁支撑的实际刚度和附加阻尼参数;识别结果表明附加阻尼参数的实测值远远小于其理论值,可以忽略不计;支撑刚度参数在多数情况下存在较大偏差,但在静态工作点附近工作时偏差较小。
4.通过对随机变刚度电磁支撑数学模型的研究给出了通过控制电流的随机改变实现转子轴承系统支撑刚度参数随机变化的四个设计准则。线性化准则保证试验装置系统支撑刚度的线性特性;线性随机准则确保支撑刚度参数与随机控制电流间的线性关系;随机分量显著准则使得支撑刚度具有明显的随机特征,便于试验研究;综合刚度为正的设计准则,保证了试验装置系统的稳定性。根据设计准则合理设计了试验装置的工作参数,并基于这些工作参数对电磁支撑进行了结构设计。
5.理论分析了实验过程中出现的衔铁偏心和非线性现象对电磁支撑的刚度特性的重要影响;最后对随机电流在制备过程中应注意的事项进行了阐述,并提出了改进措施。
Rotor dynamics with random parameters is an important subject that required to reasearch systematically after linear rotor dynamics and nonlinear rotor dynamics problems. In recent years, some scholars have started to study on this problem, but they only study on the theoretical research aspect, or not study on the experimental research aspect. This is because that the experimental research on random parameters problem needs to a large number of test pieces that is not allowed in the time and cost. In order to experimental research on the random support stiffness parameter affecting dynamic performance of the rotor system, based on the principle of electromagnetic support stiffness varying with electromagnetic field, a test device with parallel electromagnetic and mechanical support elements is designed, and it can realize the varying of the rotor system support stiffness following the electromagnetic field strength. The main research contents and results in this paper include the following aspects:
1. The design scheme of using the electromagnetic support to simulation generate the random support stiffness parameters is proposed The working principle of the electromagnetic support is to make use of the dependence relation of electricity, magnetism and force, regard the excitation current as control source to control the electromagnetic intensity and the electromagnetic force of the electromagnet, and then control variation characteristics of the support stiffness parameter.
2. Based on the dynamic characteristics of the electromagnets, electromagnetic induction reduced by dynamic gap and excitation current affecting the electromagnetic support stiffness characteristics isreaearch theoretically.The results show that when the basic parameters of the electromagnetic support meet a certain relationship, additional stiffness and damping parameters reduced by electromagnetic induction affecting the support stiffness characteristics can be ignored completely.
3. The cantilever beam with an electromagnetic support at end was taken as a research object. The first order natural frequency and logarithmic damping coefficients of this structural system with different excitation current were calculated and tested. Based on the first order natural frequency and logarithmic damping coefficients of the support system which were measured in the experiment, a new method was proposed to identify the support stiffness and damping parameters. The support stiffness and damping parameters of the electromagnetic support with different excitation current were identified according to this method. The identification results showed that the experimental values of electromagnetic support damping parameter were always far smaller than the theoretical values and can be ignored, while there were big deviations between theoretical values and experimental values of support stiffness parameter in most cases, but the deviation is smaller at the static working point.
4. By studying the mathematical model of the electromagnetic support, the four design rules are given, which make sure that the system support stiffness parameter can be randomly controlled by the controllable random electric current. The linearized rule guarantees the linearity of the system support stiffness; the linear random rule engenders the linear relationship between the support stiffness parameter and the controllable random electric current; the rule of random stiffness weight being distinct gets the obvious randomness of the system support stiffness, and satisfy the demand of testing; finally the rule of the system total stiffness being positive ensures the stability of the simulation test device. Based on the design rules, the working parmaters of the electromagnetic support are designed reasonablely. Meanwhile, according to the the working parmaters, the structure of the working parmaters is designed.
5. The armature eccentricity and non-linear phenomena have an important influence on stiffness characteristic of the electromagnetic support in the experimental process through the theory analysis. Finally, the matter needing attention in the generation process of the random current was studied, and improvement measures were proposed.
引文
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[5]陆颂元.论国内旋转动力机械非线性振动理论研究的现状和发展[J].汽轮机技术,2006,48(2):85～87.
[6]孟庆国,詹世革,汲培文.重大项目“大型旋转机械非线性动力学问题”取得重要进展[J].中国科学基金,2004:142～144.
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