电化学法制备染料敏化太阳能电池中的纳米结构聚苯胺薄膜对电极
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摘要
在室温条件下,运用电化学循环伏安技术在掺杂氟的二氧化锡(FTO)玻璃导电面原位聚合制备出不同厚度的聚苯胺薄膜。经扫描电镜和原子力显微镜对其表面进行微观形貌分析后发现：聚苯胺先呈纳米颗粒状在FTO玻璃导电表面生长,随着聚苯胺纳米颗粒密度的增大,在底层的纳米颗粒上逐渐长出线状的聚苯胺,最后形成多孔的网状聚苯胺。
将此聚苯胺薄膜成功应用到染料敏化太阳能电池作为对电极,并对不同厚度聚苯胺薄膜对电极组成的电池性能进行了表征：其中最优的聚苯胺薄膜对电极电池的光电转化效率达到4.95%,接近铂标准电极的5.41%,而且聚苯胺薄膜对电极电池的电流密度比铂对电极电池提高了11.6%。因此电化学法制备的低成本、高效率聚苯胺对电极可用于染料敏化太阳能电池中来替代传统使用的贵金属铂对电极。
在此基础上建立了电化学原位聚合生长聚苯胺的理论模型,即聚苯胺薄膜由低孔隙率的紧密层和高孔隙率的疏松层组成,二者具有不同的结构和电化学特性。借助此理论模型解释了由不同厚度聚苯胺薄膜对电极组成的染料敏化太阳能电池光电性能的变化规律,并且此模型有助于开发更高性能的其他导电聚合物电极或电器件。
Nanostructured polyaniline films with controlled thickness have been successfully grown on FTO glass substrates using the cyclic voltammetry method at room temperature. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy are employed to monitor the surface microstructure on polyaniline films. It is found that nanoparticles polyaniline is firstly synthesised at FTO conducting surface and then linear polyanilne is grown on accumulated nanoparticles polyaniline, at last, netlike structured polyaniline is formed.
These polyaniline films are used as counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells, and the photoelectric performances of them are determined. Optimised polyaniline film counter electrode achieved photoenergy-conversion efficiency of 4.95%, competitive to 5.41% of platinum counter electrode, furthermore, the short-circuit photocurrent density of dye-sensitized solar cells with polyaniline film counter electrode increased by 11.6% in comparison to platinum counter electrode. As a result, polyanilne counter electrode could substitute for conventional expensive platinum counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells, because of its low cost and high performance.
We have constructed theoretical model of electrochemical polymerization polyaniline:polyaniline films are composed of compact layers and scattered layers, which are different in formation structure and electrochemical properties. Applying this theoretical model, we interpreted the photoelectric performances of dye-sensitized solar cells with different thickness of polyaniline film counter electrodes. Theoretical model of electrochemical polymerization polyaniline also could help to achieve high performances electrodes or electronic appliances based on other conducting polymers.
将此聚苯胺薄膜成功应用到染料敏化太阳能电池作为对电极,并对不同厚度聚苯胺薄膜对电极组成的电池性能进行了表征：其中最优的聚苯胺薄膜对电极电池的光电转化效率达到4.95%,接近铂标准电极的5.41%,而且聚苯胺薄膜对电极电池的电流密度比铂对电极电池提高了11.6%。因此电化学法制备的低成本、高效率聚苯胺对电极可用于染料敏化太阳能电池中来替代传统使用的贵金属铂对电极。
在此基础上建立了电化学原位聚合生长聚苯胺的理论模型,即聚苯胺薄膜由低孔隙率的紧密层和高孔隙率的疏松层组成,二者具有不同的结构和电化学特性。借助此理论模型解释了由不同厚度聚苯胺薄膜对电极组成的染料敏化太阳能电池光电性能的变化规律,并且此模型有助于开发更高性能的其他导电聚合物电极或电器件。
Nanostructured polyaniline films with controlled thickness have been successfully grown on FTO glass substrates using the cyclic voltammetry method at room temperature. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy are employed to monitor the surface microstructure on polyaniline films. It is found that nanoparticles polyaniline is firstly synthesised at FTO conducting surface and then linear polyanilne is grown on accumulated nanoparticles polyaniline, at last, netlike structured polyaniline is formed.
These polyaniline films are used as counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells, and the photoelectric performances of them are determined. Optimised polyaniline film counter electrode achieved photoenergy-conversion efficiency of 4.95%, competitive to 5.41% of platinum counter electrode, furthermore, the short-circuit photocurrent density of dye-sensitized solar cells with polyaniline film counter electrode increased by 11.6% in comparison to platinum counter electrode. As a result, polyanilne counter electrode could substitute for conventional expensive platinum counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells, because of its low cost and high performance.
We have constructed theoretical model of electrochemical polymerization polyaniline:polyaniline films are composed of compact layers and scattered layers, which are different in formation structure and electrochemical properties. Applying this theoretical model, we interpreted the photoelectric performances of dye-sensitized solar cells with different thickness of polyaniline film counter electrodes. Theoretical model of electrochemical polymerization polyaniline also could help to achieve high performances electrodes or electronic appliances based on other conducting polymers.
引文
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